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Book Extraction of Zirconium from Nigerian High hafnium Concentrate

Download or read book Extraction of Zirconium from Nigerian High hafnium Concentrate written by Sherman L. May and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Separation of Hafnium from Zirconium by Extraction of Thiocyanate Complexes

Download or read book Separation of Hafnium from Zirconium by Extraction of Thiocyanate Complexes written by L. G. Overholser and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Zirconium hafnium Separation

Download or read book Zirconium hafnium Separation written by William A. Stickney and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Analytical Chemistry of Zirconium and Hafnium

Download or read book Analytical Chemistry of Zirconium and Hafnium written by Anil K. Mukherji and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Chemistry of Zirconium and Hafnium compiles literature on the characterization and analysis of zirconium and hafnium. Various methods in studying the properties of the featured elements are presented in this book. This book also discusses the aqueous solutions of zirconium and hafnium. It then explains the methods such as dissolution of ores and alloys, detection and identification, and gravimetric determinations. This text further examines the titrimetric, electrometric, and absorptiometric methods, as well as methods of separations using ion-exchange and using solvent extraction, along with separation of hafnium from zirconium. The latter part of this text presents methods such as spectrographic analyses, X-ray analyses, and neutron activation analysis and separation of tracers. This book will come in handy for chemists and chemistry students, as well as for others interested in studying zirconium and hafnium.

Book Separation of Hafnium from Zirconium by Multiple Recrystallization of Ammonium Fluozirconates Lorain Operations Technical Report

Download or read book Separation of Hafnium from Zirconium by Multiple Recrystallization of Ammonium Fluozirconates Lorain Operations Technical Report written by Brush Beryllium Company and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Adsorption Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium

Download or read book The Adsorption Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium written by Robert S. Hansen and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Extraction and Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium Using Octanol

Download or read book Extraction and Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium Using Octanol written by John Kabangu Mpinga and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zirconium (Zr) and hafnium (Hf) metals have drawn considerable attention due to their various applications, especially in the nuclear industry where zirconium is used as a cladding material for nuclear reactors due its low neutron-capture cross-section and strong resistance to corrosion, whereas hafnium is used as an excellent control rod material for reactors due to its high neutron-absorption capacity. The efficiency of the reactor depends directly on the concentration of hafnium in zirconium. The zirconium should contain a very low concentration of hafnium, not exceeding 100 ppm, for use in the nuclear industry. Due to the fact that zirconium and hafnium occur within the same mineral, there is great interest in separating them in order to produce zirconium and hafnium oxide which can be used in the production of zirconium and hafnium metals appropriate for use in the nuclear industry. Hence, the separation and purification of these elements is of great importance. Solvent extraction techniques are employed to separate and purify these elements on an industrial scale. However, the separation of zirconium and hafnium is a difficult task as both elements exhibit similar chemical and physical properties. The main objective of this investigation was therefore to evaluate the potential of octanol as an alternative extractant to the conventional extractants methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) due to the problems associated with the latter two extractants. The effect of the different parameters affecting the extraction and separation of these two elements (Zr and Hf) were studied in terms of the initial feed concentration, contact time, extractants, loading capacity, temperature, diluents and stripping agents. It was determined from the results obtained that the different parameters investigated all have important effects on the extraction and separation of zirconium from hafnium. The results indicate that zirconium ions were preferentially extracted over hafnium with undiluted 1-octanol and 2-octanol in 10 % hydrochloric acid and 1.5 M potassium fluoride as feed concentration at a ratio of 1:2. The McCabe-Thiele diagram indicates that four equilibrium stages are required for almost complete extraction of zirconium from the aqueous solution. Sulfuric acid was found to be the most desirable agent for stripping zirconium from the loaded organic solution. A mixture of oxalic acid and nitric acid was considered to be a good stripping agent for hafnium as it could lead to good separation of hafnium from the remaining zirconium. Zirconium and hafnium were neutralized using 25 % ammonium hydroxide solution. After filtration and calcination, the products obtained were characterised using XRD and SEM-EDS analysis. A packed column was also used to compare the effectiveness of the extraction and separation of zirconium from hafnium. It was observed that in order to achieve the optimum mass transfer, greater column height is required.

Book Separation Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis

Download or read book Separation Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis written by Z. Marczenko and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-10-18 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectrophotometry enables one to determine, with good precision and sensitivity, almost all the elements present in small and trace quantities of any material. The method is particularly useful in the determination of non-metals and allows the determination elements in a large range of concentrations (from single % to low ppm levels) in various materials. In Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis, much attention has been paid to separation and preconcentration methods, since they play an essential role in increasing the selectivity and sensitivity of spectrophotometric methods. Separation and preconcentration methods have also been utilised in other determination techniques. Spectrophotometric methods which are widely used for the determination of the elements in a large variety of inorganic materials are presented in the book whilst separation and preconcentration procedures combined with spectrophotometry are also described. This book contains recent advances in spectrophotometry, detailed discussion of the instrumentation, and the techniques and reagents used for spectrophotometric determination of elements in a wide range of materials as well as a detailed discussion of separation and preconcentration procedures that precede the spectrophotometric detection.

Book The Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium

Download or read book The Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium written by James F. Shea and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Progress Report on the Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium by Means of Liquid liquid Extraction Using Alkyl Amines

Download or read book Progress Report on the Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium by Means of Liquid liquid Extraction Using Alkyl Amines written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of preliminary tests showed that it is possible to separate zirconium and hafnium in sulphate solution using high molecular weight liquid amines. Tertiary amines are considered to be the most promising extractants because of their high capacities. A separation factor of the order of 10 was obtained from an aqueous solution containing 10 g/l zirconium oxide and 0.2 g/l hafnium oxide at a pH value of 0.5 units using tertiary amines. 0.2 M organic solutions of tertiary amines have a capacity of approximately 6 g/l zirconium oxide. Alamine 336 has been selected for more detailed study. Substantially, complete separation of zirconium and hafnium was obtained in a five stage countercurrent experiment using alamine 336. Hafnium was not detected by spectrographic means in the organic phase of the final stage. The results of preliminary tests with fluoride solutions were inconclusive, revealing a lack of fundamental knowledge of the chemistry of zirconium and hafnium fluoride complexes in solution. However, these tests are to be repeated with modifications. The extraction isotherm of zirconium in sulphate solution extracted by tri-iso-octylamine was shown to correspond to the theory developed by Dr PJ Lloyd. A general theory of separation using liquid amines was developed and tests designed to prove its applicability are in progress.

Book Distillation Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium

Download or read book Distillation Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium written by Gordon C. Williams and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: