Download or read book The Selective Oxidation of 1 2 propanediol Over Gold Palladium and Platinum Heterogeneous Catalysts written by Yulia Ryabenkova and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selective Oxidation of 1 2 propanediol Over Gold Palladium and Platinum Heterogeneous Catalysts written by Yulia Ryabenkova and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Selective Oxidation of Bioderived Molecules by Gold Catalysts written by Gemma Louise Brett and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selective oxidations of the bioderived molecules, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol and glycerol, were investigated using gold based catalysts. These reactions were carried out in both low pressure glass reactors and high pressure autoclaves. The reaction conditions such as temperature and amount of base were investigated to order to achieve the optimum conditions. The gold based catalysts used were prepared by sol immobilisation and impregnation methods. The supports tested were activated carbon, titania, ceria and magnesium oxide. The ceria supported catalyst was demonstrated to be extremely selective for the oxidation of 1,2-propanediol in methanol in which methyl lactate is the desired product. The addition of palladium to the gold catalyst led to an increase in activity for all supports, however, in the case of the ceria supported catalyst a decrease in selectivity was observed. The use of a magnesium oxide support was found to be advantageous in the oxidation of 1,3-propanediol and model compounds 1,4-propanediol and butyrolactone. An increase in activity and selectivity to the desired products, dimethyl malonate and dimethyl succinate, was demonstrated when this catalyst support was used. The structure of the support was found to be Mg(OH)2 when the catalyst was prepared by sol immobilisation. When prepared by impregnation methods the support retained its periclase MgO structure but was found to be far less selective than the Mg(OH)2 support. The use of this support for the oxidation of glycerol was investigated. When gold is alloyed with platinum on this support it is possible to achieve high conversions of glycerol and good selectivities to glyceric acid in base free conditions.
Download or read book Selective oxidation of glycerol and 1 2 propanediol over supported precious metal catalysts written by Jinto Manjaly Anthonykutty and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Palladium Catalyzed Oxidation of Hydrocarbons written by P. Henry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of organometallic chemistry has emerged over the last twenty-five years or so to become one of the most important areas of chemistry, and there are no signs of abatement in the intense current interest in the subject, particularly in terms of its proven and potential application in catalytic reactions involving hydrocarbons. The development of the organometallic/ catalysis area has resulted in no small way from many contributions from researchers investigating palladium systems. Even to the well-initiated, there seems a bewildering and diverse variety of organic reactions that are promoted by palladium(II) salts and complexes. Such homogeneous reactions include oxidative and nonoxidative coupling of substrates such as olefins, dienes, acetylenes, and aromatics; and various isomerization, disproportionation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, car bonylation and decarbonylation reactions, as well as reactions involving formation of bonds between carbon and halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and silicon. The books by Peter M. Maitlis - The Organic Chemistry of Palladium, Volumes I, II, Academic Press, 1971 - serve to classify and identify the wide variety of reactions, and access to the vast literature is available through these volumes and more recent reviews, including those of J. Tsuji [Accounts Chem. Res. , 6, 8 (1973); Adv. in Organometal. , 17, 141 (1979)], R. F. Heck [Adv. in Catat. , 26, 323 (1977)], and ones by Henry [Accounts Chem. Res. , 6, 16 (1973); Adv. in Organometal. , 13, 363 (1975)]. F. R. Hartley's book - The Chemistry of Platinum and Palladium, App!. Sci. Pub!.
Download or read book Heterogeneous Gold and Palladium Based Catalysts for Solvent free Oxidation of Toluene written by Mohd Izham Bin Saiman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalyzed oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons with molecular oxygen has been studied for several decades. For example, toluene can be converted into oxidation products such as benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid and benzyl benzoate. At present, the principal industrial production of benzoic acid via the oxidation of toluene involves the use of homogeneous cobalt catalysts in an air pressurized aqueous acetic acid mixture in the presence of Mn ions. However, the use of solvent causes difficulties in the separation of catalysts and products, equipment corrosion, and due to the environmental hazards associated with the use of liquid acids as solvent. Developing solvent free toluene oxidation having great activity has attracted special attention as a promising environmentally friendly reaction. Recently, gold based supported catalyst have been found to be highly effective oxidation catalyst where a number of important discoveries have been made such as in hydrogen peroxide synthesis and selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes. As a proof of concept for the following studies, oxidation of toluene and other aromatic hydrocarbons were carried out in round bottom flask with TBHP as oxidant. At mild condition (80 oC), it was evident that Au-Pd supported catalyst is capable of oxidising aromatics C-H bonds on toluene and derivatives and TBHP as oxidant also have been discovered well in this thesis. The catalyst preparation method was shown to be very important in the formation of active site catalysts. The sol-immobilisation catalyst with a narrow distribution of small particles, was more active than Au-Pd alloy having Au-core palladium shell with PdO dominance on the surface via impregnation catalyst. In addition to that, the choice of support is crucial and this study discovered carbon as a preferred support give enhance on performance activity of toluene. At the same time, the distribution of products can be altered with the choice of preparation methods and support. The synergistic effect of Au and Pd was confirmed by superior catalytic activity compared to monometallic catalyst. Investigations of reaction conditions such as reaction time, reusability, pre-treatment conditions, metal ratio, and mass of catalyst were fully investigated. It was found that the activity and selectivity of the catalyst was highly dependent on these variables. Reaction mechanism was proposed and it was based on catalytic evaluation data. Even though, the proposed mechanism was contradicted by the EPR data study, it was believed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) was involved in the surface of catalyst and give effect of the catalytic activity. Overall, the oxidation of toluene was successfully studied by using Au-Pd supported catalyst and can not be denied that the importance of TBHP as oxidant involve in this process has been proven.
Download or read book Gold Catalysis written by Laura Prati and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-01-05 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first report on alcohol oxidation in 1998, many studies have highlighted some peculiarity of gold with respect to other metals. Some analogies have been found between gas and liquid phases, but the big challenge to operate in a condensed phase lies in the role of the solvent in tuning the reactant-catalyst contact. Liquid-phase oxidation
Download or read book Higher Oxidation State Organopalladium and Platinum Chemistry written by Allan J. Canty and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kyle A. Grice, Margaret L. Scheuermann and Karen I. Goldberg: Five-Coordinate Platinum(IV) Complexes.- Jay A. Labinger and John E. Bercaw: The Role of Higher Oxidation State Species in Platinum-Mediated C-H Bond Activation and Functionalization.- Joy M. Racowski and Melanie S. Sanford: Carbon-Heteroatom Bond-Forming Reductive Elimination from Palladium(IV) Complexes.- Helena C. Malinakova: Palladium(IV) Complexes as Intermediates in Catalytic and Stoichiometric Cascade Sequences Providing Complex Carbocycles and Heterocycles.- Allan J. Canty and Manab Sharma: h1-Alkynyl Chemistry for the Higher Oxidation States of Palladium and Platinum.- David C. Powers and Tobias Ritter: Palladium(III) in Synthesis and Catalysis.- Marc-Etienne Moret: Organometallic Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes as Donor Ligands for Lewis-Acidic d10 and s2 Centers.
Download or read book New and Future Developments in Catalysis written by Ana Primo and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-13 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fine Chemicals through Heterogeneous Catalysis written by R. A. Sheldon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays, the chemical industry is under increased pressure to develop cleaner production processes and technologies. Much effort is devoted to the development of heterogeneous catalysts and their application in industrial-scale organic synthesis. This handbook concentrates on current attempts, focusing on fine chemical production. With contributions from an impressive array of international experts, this is essential reading for everyone interested in the advances in this field.
Download or read book Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms in Thermocatalytic Biomass Conversion I written by Marcel Schlaf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-25 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume I mainly focuses on the current understanding of the reaction pathways and mechanisms involved in several important catalytic conversions of cellulose and carbohydrates. It starts with nanoscale illustrations of biomass structures and describes various reactions including cellulose depolymerization to sugars, catalytic aldose-ketose isomerization and dehydration, selective oxidation, hydrogenolysis of cellulose and sugars, and the conversion of short carbohydrates. The specificity and function of different catalysts and reaction media in relation to the catalytic performances for these reactions are discussed with significant mechanistic details. Marcel Schlaf, PhD, is a Professor at the Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Canada. Z. Conrad Zhang, PhD, is a Professor at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
Download or read book Palladium and Platinum Complexes for the Oxidation of Small Molecules written by David Michael Pearson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palladium is a versatile metal used prominently in synthesis. The rapid growth of palladium oxidation chemistry in the past decade has spurred a number of new processes that allow for the selective oxidation of substrates under mild conditions. This growth, specifically in the field of aerobic alcohol oxidation, attracted our attention, with the hope that it would provide new catalysts for use in direct methanol fuel cells. Toward that goal we developed a new cationic palladium complex, [(neocuproine)Pd(OAc)]2[OTf]2, which shows unprecedented initial turnover frequencies for aerobic alcohol oxidation at room temperature. However, catalyst lifetimes are limited due to the generation of reactive partially reduced oxygen species that promote oxidation of the ligand and deactivation of the catalyst. The use of milder oxidant like benzoquinone extended catalyst lifetimes prompting a further exploration of the substrate scope. Oxidation of glycerol proceeds exclusively at the secondary alcohol to yield dihydroxyacetone. Other 1,2-diols also favors oxidation of the secondary alcohol. Methanol oxidation proceeds at a much slower rate, but yields methyl formate with selectivities greater than 90 %. The mechanism for this process was probed through the use of model studies and isotopic labels suggesting the transient generation and oxidation of methyl hemiformal. In a parallel effort toward the extension of catalyst lifetimes, a number of new oxidatively resistant ligands were synthesized and used toward the formation of palladium catalysts that exhibit extended catalyst lifetimes. Additional efforts have focused on the use of similar catalyst for the oxidative carbonylation of 1,2- and 1,3-diols to yield 5-membered and 6-membered cyclic carbonates in the presence of N-chlorosuccinimide, iodosylbenzene, or dichloroisocyanuric acid. Finally, a new platinum dimer containing a trimethylplatinum unit and bridging amides was synthesized and characterized. Its reactivity toward the reductive elimination of ethane of methanol derivatives was explored. Additional work with known platinum dimers suggests these species, upon addition of silver triflate, facilitates the C-H activation of a number of unactivated arenes and promotes the C-H functionalization of propargyl aryl ethers.
Download or read book Selective Oxidation of Allylic Alcohols on Palladium Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Oxidation in the Liquid Phase by Gold palladium Catalysts written by Emilia Maria Rucinska and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Palladium and Platinum Oxides as Catalysts in the Reduction of Organic Compounds written by Ralph Lloyd Shriner and published by . This book was released on 1924 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Platinum and Palladium Oxides as Catalysts in the Reduction of Organic Compounds written by John Williams Kern and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selective Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols Employing Catalytic Palladium II and Oxygen Gas as the Stoichiometric Reoxidant written by Kimberly Quinnell and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
