Download or read book War in the East written by Quintin Barry and published by Helion and Company. This book was released on 2012-08-15 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire in April 1877, it was the fifth time during the nineteenth century that hostilities had broken out between the two empires. On this occasion the other Great Powers had done all they could to prevent it, although public opinion in the West had been shocked by Turkey's brutal repression of the Bulgarian uprising. The war was to be fought in two distinct theaters. In Europe, as on previous occasions, the Russian objective was to cross first the Danube and then the formidable Balkan Mountains before striking for Constantinople. In Asia, over territory also contested many times before, the Russians aimed to seize Kars and then Erzerum. At first all went well for the invaders, the Turks making no serious attempt to hold the line of the Danube, while a thrust south by General Gourko succeeded in crossing the Balkans by a pass not previously considered practicable. At Plevna, however, the Russian advance stalled in the face of the determined defense of the place by the redoubtable Osman Pasha. In Asia, meanwhile, after initial success, the Russian advance was halted by defeat at Zevin. Poor strategic judgment on the part of the Turks led to their failure to take advantage of the opportunity provided by Osman, even after the Russians had suffered three bloody defeats at Plevna. Eventually, after the town was closely invested, it fell to the besiegers. In Asia, the Turks suffered a major defeat in the battle of God's Mountain, and were driven back to Erzerum, while Kars fell to a brilliant assault by the Russian forces. These defeats marked the beginning of the end for the Turks. By January 1878 the Russians were over the Balkans in force, and the last viable Turkish army was surrounded and captured at Shenovo. Armistice negotiations led to a suspension of hostilities and to the treaty of San Stefano. The other Great Powers had watched the conflict with mounting anxiety and were determined to moderate the terms of San Stefano which had imposed harsh conditions on the Ottoman Empire. This, following tortuous diplomatic negotiations, they succeeded in doing at the Congress of Berlin in July 1878. This book, the first military history of the war in English for over a century, traces the course of the campaigns, examining the many occasions on which the outcome of a battle might have gone the other way, and the performance of the combatants, both leaders and led. The book considers the extent to which the parties applied the lessons of recent wars, as well as the conclusions that could be drawn from the experience of combat with the latest weapons. It also explores the complicated motives of the Great Powers in general, and Britain in particular, in bringing about a final settlement, which postponed the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. The author's detailed text is accompanied by an extensive number of black and white illustrations, an impressive color plate section containing reproductions of paintings by artists such as Vereshchagin, plus black and white and color battle maps. Extensive orders of battle are also provided. This is the latest title in Helion's ground-breaking series of 19th Century studies, and will again appear in hardback as a strictly limited edition printing of 1,000 copies, each individually numbered and signed by the author on a decorative title page.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ukraine written by Danylo Husar Struk and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 1993-12-15 with total page 2400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over thirty years in the making, the most comprehensive work in English on Ukraine is now complete: its history, people, geography, economy, and cultural heritage, both in Ukraine and in the diaspora.
Download or read book Bayonets Before Bullets written by Bruce W. Menning and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bayonets before Bullets is the first comprehensive institutional and operational history of the Imperial Russian Army during the crucial period of its modernization, 1861-1914. Bruce W. Menning surveys the development of organization, doctrine, and strategy from the aftermath of Russia's defeat in the Crimean War through the wars against Turkey in 1877-1878 and Japan in 1904-1905, to the eve of World War I. Describing how the Russian army organized, trained, and armed itself to fight during a critical era of change, Menning weaves analysis of reforms in technology and military art with lively accounts of combat operations and portraits of the personalities involved. Enhanced by superb battlefield maps, operational diagrams, and rare photographs of the leading Russian military commanders, Bayonets before Bullets provides a fascinating account of how the Imperial Russian Army struggled to modernize in a Darwinian world that dealt harshly with those who failed to adapt to changes in technology and military art.
Download or read book Russia and the Eastern Question written by Alexander Bitis and published by British Academy. This book was released on 2006-11-30 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers one of the most important and persistent problems in nineteenth-century European diplomacy, the Eastern Question. The Eastern Question was essentially a short hand for comprehending the international consequences caused by the gradual and apparently terminal decline of the Ottoman Empire in Europe. This volume examines the military and diplomatic policies of Russia, as it struggled with the Ottoman Empire for influence in the Balkans and the Caucasus. The only research monograph in English to cover this subject in such breadth and depth, Russia and the Eastern Question is based on extensive use of Russian archive sources. It makes a significant contribution to our understanding of issues such as the development of Russian military thought, the origins and conduct of the 1828-1829 Russo-Turkish War, the origins and conduct of the 1826-1828 Russo-Persian War and the Treaty of Adrianople. The author also branches out into new territory by considering issues such as the Russian army's use of Balkan irregulars, the reform of the Danubian Principalities (1829 -1834), the ideas of the 'Russian Party' and the little-known subject of Russian public opinion toward the Eastern Question. Providing a fascinating integration of the various aspects of Russian military thought, war planning and campaign history, diplomacy, imperial expansion, geopolitics and propaganda into a coherent whole, this volume will be of great interest to scholars and students in the fields of nineteenth-century Russian, Ottoman, Balkan, Caucasus and Persian history, European diplomacy and warfare and war and society studies. It will also be of interest to all those concerned with the historical background to the Crimean war and later episodes in the Eastern Question.
Download or read book Russo Turkish Naval War 1877 1878 written by Piotr Olender and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Orthodox coalition led by the Russian Empire and composed of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro. Fought in the Balkans and in the Caucasus, it originated in emerging 19th-century Balkan nationalism. Additional factors included Russian hopes of recovering territorial losses suffered during the Crimean War, re-establishing itself in the Black Sea and supporting the political movement attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire. The background, operations and outcomes are described in detail. All the ships involved, both Russian and Turkish, are described and illustrated with full technical specifications. Profusely illustrated with scale drawings (side views) and illustrations.
Download or read book The First World War A Marxist Analysis of the Great Slaughter written by Alan Woods and published by Wellred Books. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 28 June 1914, two pistol shots shattered the peace of a sunny afternoon in Sarajevo. Those shots reverberated around Europe and shattered the peace of the whole world. This was the beginning of the Great Slaughter. Could it have been avoided? Alan Woods uses the method of Marxism to answer this question. He explains that, actually, whilst individuals play an important role in history, to explain events such as wars, one must look at deeper causes. As well as dealing with the origin of the war, Woods traces the conflict through its development, looking at the role of all the major actors, and their aims. He shows how in the midst of the despair of the trenches and the home front, a new consciousness was formed. He also makes the case that it was the German Revolution that brought the war to an end, and how a revolutionary wave swept across Europe. The book also looks at the Treaty of Versailles and how the victorious powers imposed the deal, not just on Germany, but the rest of Europe and the Middle East. Given the amount of nationalistic mystification from all sides about the First World War, a history of the subject from the standpoint of the world working class is essential and it is provided by this book.
Download or read book Shattering Empires written by Michael A. Reynolds and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-27 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The break-up of the Ottoman empire and the disintegration of the Russian empire were watershed events in modern history. The unravelling of these empires was both cause and consequence of World War I and resulted in the deaths of millions. It irrevocably changed the landscape of the Middle East and Eurasia and reverberates to this day in conflicts throughout the Caucasus and Middle East. Shattering Empires draws on extensive research in the Ottoman and Russian archives to tell the story of the rivalry and collapse of two great empires. Overturning accounts that portray their clash as one of conflicting nationalisms, this pioneering study argues that geopolitical competition and the emergence of a new global interstate order provide the key to understanding the course of history in the Ottoman-Russian borderlands in the twentieth century. It will appeal to those interested in Middle Eastern, Russian, and Eurasian history, international relations, ethnic conflict, and World War I.
Download or read book The Russian Conquest of Central Asia written by Alexander Morrison and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive diplomatic and military history of the Russian conquest of Central Asia, spanning the whole of the nineteenth century.
Download or read book The Imperial Russian Army in Peace War and Revolution 1856 1917 written by Roger R. Reese and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In December 1917, nine months after the disintegration of the Russian monarchy, the army officer corps, one of the dynasty’s prime pillars, finally fell—a collapse that, in light of World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution, historians often treat as inevitable. The Imperial Russian Army in Peace, War, and Revolution, 1856–1917 contests this assumption. By expanding our view of the Imperial Russian Army to include the experience of the enlisted ranks, Roger R. Reese reveals that the soldier’s revolt in 1917 was more social revolution than anti-war movement—and a revolution based on social distinctions within the officer corps as well as between the ranks. Reese’s account begins in the aftermath of the Crimean War, when the emancipation of the serfs and consequent introduction of universal military service altered the composition of the officer corps as well as the relationship between officers and soldiers. More catalyst than cause, World War I exacerbated a pervasive discontent among soldiers at their ill treatment by officers, a condition that reached all the way back to the founding of the Russian army by Peter I. It was the officers’ refusal to change their behavior toward the soldiers and each other over a fifty-year period, Reese argues, capped by their attack on the Provisional Government in 1917, that fatally weakened the officer corps in advance of the Bolshevik seizure of power. As he details the evolution of Russian Imperial Army over that period, Reese explains its concrete workings—from the conscription and discipline of soldiers to the recruitment and education of officers to the operation of unit economies, honor courts, and wartime reserves. Marshaling newly available materials, his book corrects distortions in both Soviet and Western views of the events of 1917 and adds welcome nuance and depth to our understanding of a critical turning point in Russian history.
Download or read book The Russian Army and Its Campaigns in Turkey in 1877 1878 written by Francis Vinton Greene and published by London, W.H. Allen. This book was released on 1879 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sketches of Army Life in Russia written by Francis Vinton Greene and published by . This book was released on 1881 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Campaign in Bulgaria 1877 1878 written by Francis Vinton Greene and published by . This book was released on 1903 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Russian Army and the Japanese War written by Alekseĭ Nikolaevich Kuropatkin and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Military History of the Ottomans written by Mesut Uyar Ph.D. and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2009-09-23 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ottoman Army had a significant effect on the history of the modern world and particularly on that of the Middle East and Europe. This study, written by a Turkish and an American scholar, is a revision and corrective to western accounts because it is based on Turkish interpretations, rather than European interpretations, of events. As the world's dominant military machine from 1300 to the mid-1700's, the Ottoman Army led the way in military institutions, organizational structures, technology, and tactics. In decline thereafter, it nevertheless remained a considerable force to be counted in the balance of power through 1918. From its nomadic origins, it underwent revolutions in military affairs as well as several transformations which enabled it to compete on favorable terms with the best of armies of the day. This study tracks the growth of the Ottoman Army as a professional institution from the perspective of the Ottomans themselves, by using previously untapped Ottoman source materials. Additionally, the impact of important commanders and the role of politics, as these affected the army, are examined. The study concludes with the Ottoman legacy and its effect on the Republic and modern Turkish Army. This is a study survey that combines an introductory view of this subject with fresh and original reference-level information. Divided into distinct periods, Uyar and Erickson open with a brief overview of the establishment of the Ottoman Empire and the military systems that shaped the early military patterns. The Ottoman army emerged forcefully in 1453 during the siege of Constantinople and became a dominant social and political force for nearly two hundred years following Mehmed's capture of the city. When the army began to show signs of decay during the mid-seventeenth century, successive Sultans actively sought to transform the institution that protected their power. The reforms and transformations that began frist in 1606successfully preserved the army until the outbreak of the Ottoman-Russian War in 1876. Though the war was brief, its impact was enormous as nationalistic and republican strains placed increasing pressure on the Sultan and his army until, finally, in 1918, those strains proved too great to overcome. By 1923, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk emerged as the leader of a unified national state ruled by a new National Parliament. As Uyar and Erickson demonstrate, the old army of the Sultan had become the army of the Republic, symbolizing the transformation of a dying empire to the new Turkish state make clear that throughout much of its existence, the Ottoman Army was an effective fighting force with professional military institutions and organizational structures.
Download or read book A Military History of Russia written by David Stone and published by Praeger. This book was released on 2006-08-30 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Integrating military history into the broader themes of Russian history, and drawing comparisons to developments in Europe, Stone traces Russia's fascinating military history, and its long struggle to master Western military technology without Western social and political institutions. Starting with the military dimensions of the emergence of Muscovy and the disastrous reign of Ivan the Terrible, he traces Russia's emergence as a great power under Peter the Great, and her mixed record following her triumph in the Napoleonic wars. The Russian Revolution created a new Soviet Russia, but this book shows how the Soviet Union's harrowing experience in World War II owed much to Imperial Russian precedents."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Who s who in America written by and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 2716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Best Books written by William Swan Sonnenschein and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
