Download or read book A Full Value Ruble written by Kristy Ironside and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new history shows that, despite MarxismÕs rejection of money, the ruble was critical to the Soviet UnionÕs promise of shared prosperity for its citizens. In spite of Karl MarxÕs proclamation that money would become obsolete under Communism, the ruble remained a key feature of Soviet life. In fact, although Western economists typically concluded that money ultimately played a limited role in the Soviet Union, Kristy Ironside argues that money was both more important and more powerful than most histories have recognized. After the Second World War, money was resurrected as an essential tool of Soviet governance. Certainly, its importance was not lost on Soviet leaders, despite official Communist Party dogma. Money, Ironside demonstrates, mediated the relationship between the Soviet state and its citizens and was at the center of both the governmentÕs and the peopleÕs visions for the maturing Communist project. A strong rubleÑone that held real value in workersÕ hands and served as an effective labor incentiveÑwas seen as essential to the economic growth that would rebuild society and realize CommunismÕs promised future of abundance. Ironside shows how Soviet citizens turned to the state to remedy the damage that the ravages of the Second World War had inflicted upon their household economies. From the late 1940s through the early 1960s, progress toward Communism was increasingly measured by the health of its citizensÕ personal finances, such as greater purchasing power, higher wages, better pensions, and growing savings. However, the increasing importance of money in Soviet life did not necessarily correlate to improved living standards for Soviet citizens. The Soviet governmentÕs achievements in Òraising the peopleÕs material welfareÓ continued to lag behind the WestÕs advances during a period of unprecedented affluence. These factors combined to undermine popular support for Soviet power and confidence in the Communist project.
Download or read book The Ruble written by Ekaterina Pravilova and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-06-27 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking history of Russia, from empire to the Soviet era, viewed through the lens of its money. Money seems passive, a silent witness to the deeds and misdeeds of its holders, but through its history intimate dramas and grand historical processes can be told. So argues this sweeping narrative of the ruble's story from the time of Catherine the Great to Lenin. The Russian ruble did not enjoy a particularly reputable place among European currencies. Across two hundred years, long periods of financial turmoil were followed by energetic and pragmatic reforms that invariably ended with another collapse. Why did a country with an industrializing economy, solid private property rights, and (until 1918) a near perfect reputation as a rock-solid repayer of its debts stick for such a prolonged period with an inconvertible currency? Why did the Russian gold standard differ from the European model? In answering these questions, Ekaterina Pravilova argues that politics and culture must be considered alongside economic factors. The history of the Russian ruble offers an opportunity to explore the political reasons behind the preservation of a supposedly backward financial system and to show how politicians used monetary reforms to block or enact political transformations. The Ruble is a history of Russia written in the language of money. It shows how economists, landowners, merchants, and peasants understood, perceived, and used financial mechanisms. In her sweeping account, Pravilova interprets the well-known political events of the eighteenth to early twentieth centuries--wars, attempts at constitutional transformations, revolutions--through the ideas and politics of currency reforms and offers a new history of Russia's imperial expansion and collapse.
Download or read book The Ruble Problem written by and published by Hoover Press. This book was released on with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ruble written by Ekaterina Pravilova and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-05-30 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking history of Russia, from empire to the Soviet era, viewed through the lens of its money. Money seems passive, a silent witness to the deeds and misdeeds of its holders, but through its history intimate dramas and grand historical processes can be told. So argues this sweeping narrative of the ruble's story from the time of Catherine the Great to Lenin. The Russian ruble did not enjoy a particularly reputable place among European currencies. Across two hundred years, long periods of financial turmoil were followed by energetic and pragmatic reforms that invariably ended with another collapse. Why did a country with an industrializing economy, solid private property rights, and (until 1918) a near perfect reputation as a rock-solid repayer of its debts stick for such a prolonged period with an inconvertible currency? Why did the Russian gold standard differ from the European model? In answering these questions, Ekaterina Pravilova argues that politics and culture must be considered alongside economic factors. The history of the Russian ruble offers an opportunity to explore the political reasons behind the preservation of a supposedly backward financial system and to show how politicians used monetary reforms to block or enact political transformations. The Ruble is a history of Russia written in the language of money. It shows how economists, landowners, merchants, and peasants understood, perceived, and used financial mechanisms. In her sweeping account, Pravilova interprets the well-known political events of the eighteenth to early twentieth centuries--wars, attempts at constitutional transformations, revolutions--through the ideas and politics of currency reforms and offers a new history of Russia's imperial expansion and collapse.
Download or read book The Gospel of Freedom and Power written by Sarah E. Ruble and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2012-09-17 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the decades after World War II, Protestant missionaries abroad were a topic of vigorous public debate. From religious periodicals and Sunday sermons to novels and anthropological monographs, public conversations about missionaries followed a powerful yet paradoxical line of reasoning, namely that people abroad needed greater autonomy from U.S. power and that Americans could best tell others how to use their freedom. In The Gospel of Freedom and Power, Sarah E. Ruble traces and analyzes these public discussions about what it meant for Americans abroad to be good world citizens, placing them firmly in the context of the United States' postwar global dominance. Bringing together a wide range of sources, Ruble seeks to understand how discussions about a relatively small group of Americans working abroad became part of a much larger cultural conversation. She concludes that whether viewed as champions of nationalist revolutions or propagators of the gospel of capitalism, missionaries--along with their supporters, interpreters, and critics--ultimately both challenged and reinforced a rhetoric of exceptionalism that made Americans the judges of what was good for the rest of the world.
Download or read book Out of the Rubble written by Ingrid Radke-Azvedo and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2015-09-21 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since I was very young, I have seen and experienced difficult times in my life but always managed to deal with them as there usually was no other choice. At the age of six, I hit rock bottom and learned that there really was a God and he became my best friend, which helped me throughout my life to never give up or to feel alone. I considered it a privilege to be called on to perform a certain, sometimes even arduous job, both in my private life, my employment, or in any of my appointed positions; finding out that accomplishing positive results, after giving it your best effort, is the greatest form of satisfaction. It also taught me that if I wanted something bad enough, I could find a way to achieve it. I am sorry if I have offended anyone along my way throughout the years of my lifebut it has perpetually been my aspiration to treat others as I would like to be treated myself.
Download or read book The Ruble written by Ekaterina Anatolʹevna Pravilova and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Ruble is a political history of Russian money from Catherine the Great to Vladimir Lenin. It traces the evolution of the Russian state and society through the analysis of monetary reforms. The Ruble argues that currency constituted an important element of Russian political organization - first, autocratic, and then socialist, while monetary reforms were considered as the means of enabling or preventing political transformations. The Ruble shows how politics affected finance and explains why Russia's financial system remained unstable for many decades. Russian imperial government considered certain financial models, such as the independence of the bank of issue, to be incompatible with the principles of autocratic monarchy. The ruble represented a projection of monarchal power and a tool of imperial expansion. Russian government used emission to finance imperial wars and prioritized geopolitical successes over economic development. Russia was the last European empire to join the gold standard system, and the gold ruble differed from other gold-based currencies of the world. The Ruble analyzes the phenomena of the "autocratic" and "Soviet" gold standards and argues that the gold-based ruble differed from other currencies of the gold-standard system. Despite the preponderance of the conservative trend in monetary policy, Russian economists, liberal politicians and intellectuals argued for a radical reform of Russian money and wanted to liberate the ruble from the tutelage of the state. From Catherine the Great's reform until the 1920s, the ruble remained an object of many political programs, utopian projects, and economic ideologies"--
Download or read book From Under the Rubble written by Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenit︠s︡yn and published by Gateway Editions. This book was released on 1989 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Fistful of Rubles written by Juliet Johnson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the breakup of the USSR, it briefly appeared as though Russia's emerging commercial banks might act as engines of growth for a new capitalist economy. However, despite more than a decade of "reforms," Russia's financial system collapsed in 1998. Why had ambitious efforts to decentralize and liberalize the banking industry failed? In A Fistful of Rubles, Juliet Johnson offers the first comprehensive look at how Russia's banks, once expected to revitalize the nation's economy, instead became one of the largest obstacles to its recovery.Drawing on interviews with Russian bankers, policymakers, and entrepreneurs, Johnson traces the evolution of the banking system from 1987 through the aftermath of the 1998 crash. She describes how dysfunctional institutional procedures left over from the Soviet period hindered the subsequent development of sound financial practices. Johnson argues that these legacies, along with misguided, Western-inspired liberalization policies, led to the creation of parasitic banks for which success depended on political connections rather than on investment strategies. Johnson demonstrates that banking reform efforts ultimately did more harm than good, because Russian officials and their international advisers failed to build the corresponding economic, legal, and political institutions upon which modern market behavior depends.
Download or read book Russia s Capitalist Revolution written by Anders Åslund and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 2007 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The IMF and the Ruble Area 1991 93 written by John C. Odling-Smee and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Fistful of Rubles written by Juliet Johnson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Johnson argues that these legacies, along with misguided, Western-inspired liberalization policies, led to the creation of parasitic banks for which success depended on political connections rather than on investment strategies.".
Download or read book Gendering Post 1945 German History written by Karen Hagemann and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although “entanglement” has become a keyword in recent German history scholarship, entangled studies of the postwar era have largely limited their scope to politics and economics across the two Germanys while giving short shrift to social and cultural phenomena like gender. At the same time, historians of gender in Germany have tended to treat East and West Germany in isolation, with little attention paid to intersections and interrelationships between the two countries. This groundbreaking collection synthesizes the perspectives of entangled history and gender studies, bringing together established as well as upcoming scholars to investigate the ways in which East and West German gender relations were culturally, socially, and politically intertwined.
Download or read book Russia Business written by Olga Medinskaya and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide in a compact format on doing business in Russia. This book contains everything business-minded individuals need to know, using practical information and numerous tips to succeed in Russia. 'Russia Business' discusses the economy, highlights the challenges Russia would face after the Coronavirus crisis, and covers key societal topics. In addition, it gives a greater insight into the work culture, business regulation and provides first-hand advice on how to manage a business in Russia. This book covers topics of interest to business professionals looking to enter the Russian market, to grow their Russian operations, and to all managers who intend to update their knowledge about Russia in relevant business areas.
Download or read book Washington s U Street written by Blair A. Ruble and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the history of the U Street neighborhood in Washington, D.C., from its Civil War–era origins to its recent gentrification. Home throughout the years to important scholars, entertainers, and political figures, as well as to historically prominent African American institutions, Washington’s U Street neighborhood is a critical zone of contact between black and white America. Howard University and the Howard Theater are both located there; Duke Ellington grew up in the neighborhood; and diplomat Ralph Bunche, Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, and medical researcher Charles Drew were all members of the community. This robustly diverse neighborhood included residents of different races and economic classes when it arose during the Civil War. Jim Crow laws came to the District after the Compromise of 1877, and segregation followed in the mid-1880s. Over the next century, U Street emerged as an energetic center of African American life in Washington. The mid-twentieth-century rise of cultural and educational institutions brought with it the establishment of African American middle and elite classes, ironically fostering biases within the black community. Later, with residential desegregation, many of the elites moved on and U Street entered decades of decline, suffered rioting in 1968, but has seen an initially fitful resurgence that has recently taken hold. Blair A. Ruble, a jazz aficionado, prominent urbanist, and longtime resident of Washington, D.C., is uniquely equipped to undertake the history of this culturally important area. His work is a rare instance of original research told in an engaging and compelling voice.
Download or read book Commercial Handbook of China written by United States. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Commercial Handbook of China written by Julean Herbert Arnold and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
