Download or read book The Role of the Mitochondria in Neural Degeneration written by Xin Qi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2025-01-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of the Mitochondria in Neural Degeneration examines the significance of mitochondria and their impairment in the development of neurodegenerative conditions. The book opens with an introduction to mitochondria and their significance in neuronal function before exploring the cause and effect of mitochondrial impairment. Chapters cover a range of aspects including mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases, mitophagy and autophagy in neuronal degeneration, and mtDNA integrity. Intercellular connection damage and the effect this can have on cellular function is also investigated. Finally the book closes with a section on therapeutic interventions for targeting mitochondria in the treatment of human diseases. This is a volume in Elsevier’s new series Hot Topics in Physiology, published in association with the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS). It is an ideal reference for cell biologists, investigators in mitochondrial biology, and researchers working with neurodegenerative diseases.
Download or read book Mitochondrial Dysfunction written by Lawrence H. Lash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Toxicology, Volume 2: Mitochondrial Dysfunction provides a source of methods, techniques, and experimental approaches for studying the role of abnormal mitochondrial function in cell injury. The book discusses the methods for the preparation and basic functional assessment of mitochondria from liver, kidney, muscle, and brain; the methods for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in intact organs; and the structural aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are addressed. The text also describes chemical detoxification and metabolism as well as specific metabolic reactions that are especially important targets or indicators of damage. The methods for measurement of alterations in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and for the analysis and manipulation of oxidative injury and antioxidant systems are also considered. The book further tackles additional methods on mitochondrial energetics and transport processes; approaches for assessing impaired function of mitochondria; and genetic and developmental aspects of mitochondrial disease and toxicology. The text also looks into mitochondrial DNA synthesis, covalent binding to mitochondrial DNA, DNA repair, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of developing individuals and cellular differentiation. Microbiologists, toxicologists, biochemists, and molecular pharmacologists will find the book invaluable.
Download or read book Mitochondria and Brain Disorders written by Stavros Baloyannis and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mitochondrion is a unique and ubiquitous organelle that contains its own genome, encoding essential proteins that are major components of the respiratory chain and energy production system. Mitochondria play a dominant role in the life and function of eukaryotic cells including neurons and glia, as their survival and activity depend upon mitochondrial energy production and supply. Besides energy production, mitochondria also play a vital role in calcium homeostasis and may induce apoptosis by excitotoxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to common neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Friedreich's ataxia, Huntington's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis. An efficient treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction would open new horizons in the therapeutic perspectives of a substantial number of inflammatory and degenerative neurological disorders.
Download or read book Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders written by Amy K. Reeve and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition brings together up-to-date contributions from leaders in the field internationally on the various ways in which mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. The reader is guided through the basic functions of mitochondria and the mechanisms that lead to their dysfunction, and on to the consequences of this dysfunction for neuronal function before finishing with the modelling of these disorders and discussion of new potential therapeutic targets. Additional chapters have been added to the book to reflect advances in the field and there are many new contributors and topics, including how mitochondria are degraded and the interaction of the mitochondria with pathologically relevant proteins. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders provides an accessible, authoritative guide to this important area for neurologists; research and clinical neuroscientists; neuropathologists; and residents with an interest in clinical research.
Download or read book Mitochondrial Dynamics and Neurodegeneration written by Bingwei Lu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-16 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria are essential organelles in eukaryotic cells that control such diverse processes as energy metabolism, calcium buffering, and cell death. Recent studies have revealed that changes in mitochondrial morphology by fission and fusion, a process known as mitochondrial dynamics, is particularly important for neuronal function and survival. Defects in this process are commonly found in neurodegenerative diseases, offering a new paradigm for investigating mechanisms of neurodegeneration. To provide researchers working on neurodegenerative diseases and mitochondria with updated information on this rapidly progressing field, we have invited experts in the field to critically review recent progresses and identify future research directions. The topics include genetics of mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics, autophagy, apoptosis, and axonal transport, and its role in neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases.
Download or read book Synaptic Function written by Neurosciences Institute (New York, N.Y.) and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1987 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of five sections. The first section details methods for analyzing both presynaptic and postsynaptic function and emphasizes the molecular aspects of synapses. It describes ongoing studies of neurotransmitter release, voltage- sensitive ion channels, and electronic transmission at gap junctions. The second section focuses on the growing menagerie of neurotransmitters: their catagorization into chemical families, their relation to ion channels, their modulation by second messenger systems and their role in pharmacologic action. The third section considers the important relationship of transmitter diversity and synaptic types to the behavior of actual cellular networks. All of the studies described in these sections point to the necessity of considering interactions between anatomy, chemistry, physiology and pharmacology if synaptic function is to be understood at any one of these levels of analysis.
Download or read book Axon Degeneration written by Elisabetta Babetto and published by Humana. This book was released on 2020-06-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of classical as well as innovative methods used to investigate axon degeneration with a particular focus on addressing the common challenges encountered while performing these procedures. Particular attention is devoted to the study of axon loss in several model organisms, as each poses unique challenges and provides powerful advantages. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Axon Degeneration: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for facilitating the application and further development of these protocols, which will help the scientific community tackle important questions regarding axon degeneration. Chapters 2, 3, and 20 are available Open Access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Advances in Mitochondrial Medicine written by Roberto Scatena and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-08 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria are far more than the “powerhouse” of the cell as they have classically been described. In fact, mitochondria biological activities have progressively expanded to include not only various bioenergetic processes but also important biosynthetic pathways, calcium homeostasis and thermogenesis, cell death by apoptosis, several different signal transduction pathways mainly related to redox control of gene expression and so on. This functional and structural complexity may undergo important derangements so to justify the definition of ‘mitochondrial medicine’, which should include all the clinical consequences of congenital or acquired mitochondrial dysfunctions. There are actually a growing number of studies which assign a significant pathogenic role to damaged mitochondria in different diseases: ischemia/reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer with its dramatic sequelae (i.e, metastasis), metabolic syndrome, hyperlipidemias, just to mention a few of the most important pathologies. In this context, a further aspect that should not be disregarded is the interaction of pharmacological agents with mitochondria, not only in regard of the toxicological aspects but, above all, of the potential therapeutic applications. In fact, it is interesting to note that, while the properties of different so-called “mitoxicants” are well-known, the subtle linkages between drugs and mitochondria is still in need of a real pharmacological and therapeutic control at the clinical level. This lack of consideration can often lead to an underestimation of unwanted toxic effects but also of desirable therapeutic activities. A reevaluation of the potential clinical role of mitochondria could give a new light on some yet obscure aspects of human pathophysiology.
Download or read book Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration written by Victor Tapias and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Hereditary Ataxias and Related Disorders written by A. E. Harding and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mitochondrial Dynamics and Neurodegeneration written by Bingwei Lu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-01-02 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria are essential organelles in eukaryotic cells that control such diverse processes as energy metabolism, calcium buffering, and cell death. Recent studies have revealed that changes in mitochondrial morphology by fission and fusion, a process known as mitochondrial dynamics, is particularly important for neuronal function and survival. Defects in this process are commonly found in neurodegenerative diseases, offering a new paradigm for investigating mechanisms of neurodegeneration. To provide researchers working on neurodegenerative diseases and mitochondria with updated information on this rapidly progressing field, we have invited experts in the field to critically review recent progresses and identify future research directions. The topics include genetics of mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics, autophagy, apoptosis, and axonal transport, and its role in neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases.
Download or read book Neuro Mitochondrial Nexus written by Mayur Kale and published by . This book was released on 2024-02-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria are central to neuronal health, serving as the primary energy producers within cells. This vital role makes them a focal point in understanding various neurological disorders. Across conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis, neuroinflammatory disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI), mitochondrial dysfunction emerges as a common thread. In Alzheimer's disease, for instance, dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles, accelerating neurodegeneration. Similarly, in Parkinson's disease, mitochondrial impairment disrupts cellular energy production, exacerbating the loss of dopaminergic neurons and leading to motor dysfunction. ALS, characterized by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons, also exhibits mitochondrial dysfunction, further contributing to the disease pathology. Additionally, in conditions like multiple sclerosis and neuroinflammatory disorders, dysfunctional mitochondria exacerbate inflammation and neuronal damage. The role of mitochondria extends beyond neurodegenerative diseases; in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and intellectual disabilities, disturbances in mitochondrial dynamics impact neuronal connectivity and synaptic function. Furthermore, mitochondrial impairment plays a significant role in acute neurological insults like stroke and TBI, exacerbating neuronal injury and complicating recovery processes. Despite the challenges posed by mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders, there is growing interest in mitochondrial therapeutics as a promising avenue for neuroprotection and disease modification. Investigating the neuroprotective potential of mitochondrial-targeted interventions opens new avenues for therapeutic development and offers hope for mitigating the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction across a spectrum of neurological conditions.
Download or read book Mitochondrial Inhibitors and Neurodegenerative Disorders written by Paul R. Sanberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-10-01 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria have long been the Rodney Dangerfield of cellular organelles. Believed to be the remnants of bacterial infection of eukaryotic cells eons ago, the mitochondrion evolved a symbiotic relationship in which it dutifully served as the efficient source of A TP for cell function. The extraordinary dependence of cells on the energy provided by mito chondrial oxidative metabolism of glucose, especially through critical organs such as the heart and brain, is underlined by the fatal consequences of toxins that interfere with the mitochondrial electron transport system. Consistent with their ancestry, the mitochondria have their own DNA that encodes many but not all of their proteins. The mitochon dria and their genes come from the mother via the ovum since sperm do not possess mitochondria. This extranuclear form of inheritance derived exclusively from the female side has proven to be a powerful tool for tracing the evolution by the number of base substitutions in mtDNA. That mitochondrial gene mutations might be a source of human dis ease became evident a decade ago with the characterization of a group of multisystem disorders, typically involving the nervous system, which are transmitted from mother to child. Specific point mutations in mtDNA have been associated with the different syndromes.
Download or read book Brain Energy Metabolism written by Johannes Hirrlinger and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2014-09-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain Energy Metabolism addresses its challenging subject by presenting diverse technologies allowing for the investigation of brain energy metabolism on different levels of complexity. Model systems are discussed, starting from the reductionist approach like primary cell cultures which allow assessing of the properties and functions of a single brain cell type with many different types of analysis, however, at the expense of neglecting the interaction between cell types in the brain. On the other end, analysis in animals and humans in vivo is discussed, maintaining the full complexity of the tissue and the organism but making high demands on the methods of analysis. Written for the popular Neuromethods series, chapters include the kind of detailed description and key implementation advice that aims to support reproducible results in the lab. Meticulous and authoritative, Brain Energy Metabolism provides an ideal guide for researchers interested in brain energy metabolism with the hope of stimulating more research in this exciting and very important field.
Download or read book The Functions Disease Related Dysfunctions and Therapeutic Targeting of Neuronal Mitochondria written by J. Marie Hardwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-09-21 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents advances in the field of neuronal mitochondria – functions, relation to therapeutics, and pharmacology. For scientists and researchers in both industry and academia, this book provides detailed discussion, examples, and approaches, to illustrate the potential of mitochondria as therapeutic targets for neuronal diseases. • Helps readers understand the regulation of mitochondrial cellular processes, such as substrate metabolism, energy production, and programmed versus sporadic cell death • Offers insights on the development of strategies for targeted therapeutic approaches and potential personalized treatments • Includes examples of mitochondrial drugs, development, and mitochondria-targeted approaches for more efficient treatment methods and further developments in the field • Covers the model systems and approaches needed for the development of new drugs for the central nervous system to provide potential modern therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders
Download or read book Brain Mitochondria written by Silvia Lores-Arnaiz and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Brain mitochondria: Distribution and Function" offers an overview of significant findings regarding physiological, toxicological and pathological aspects of brain mitochondria properties and their relevant role in cellular bioenergetics. Essential physiological processes such as cell respiration and ATP synthesis, the maintenance of calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species generation and apoptotic cell signaling performed by mitochondria are described in the different chapters of this volume. In particular, the importance of specific calcium signaling at synaptic level and its relationship with mitochondrial bioenergetics are extensively described. Being that high energy demands are required at synaptic level for neurotransmission, mitochondrial distribution becomes relevant for essential neuronal processes. Differential bioenergetic characteristics of neuronal, astrocytic and glial mitochondria are discussed. Interestingly, new insights on the interaction between neurotensinergic and nitrergic systems are detailed, based on experimental evidences of the effect of neurotensin receptors blockade on nitric oxide production and mitochondrial function. The chapters describing metal neurotoxicity provide a comprehensive view of the effects of different metals on brain mitochondrial function and their consequences for human health. The impact of iron and copper overload on brain oxidative redox balance and mitochondrial function is fully detailed, focusing on the role of metal-induced neuronal damage on the incidence and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, a complete revision of the mechanisms underlying heavy metal-mediated damage to brain mitochondria is presented. Neurotoxic effects of arsenic, thallium, lead, cadmium and mercury have been associated with cell bioenergetics impairment, exacerbated production of oxygen free radicals, and induction of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Mitochondrial function can also be impaired by treatment with different drugs acting at CNS level. The understanding of the effects of pharmacological agents, abuse drugs, herbicides and insecticides at mitochondrial level can contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration. In this context, the neuroprotective effect of different compounds targeting mitochondrial integrity and function is discussed. Furthermore, mitochondrial alterations, oxygen radicals generation and nitric oxide production are characterized in relation to CNS pathology and hypoxia conditions. Mitochondrial complex I inactivation, oxidative stress and impairment of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthesis are characteristic features of the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in Parkinson's disease and other CNS pathologies. In addition, exposure to hypoxic conditions can affect nitric oxide generation and mitochondrial physiology, with different responses depending on the brain area. As a whole, the understanding of the alterations in mitochondrial distribution and function in the brain associated with neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration may contribute to the knowledge of the role of mitochondria in maintaining the balance between health and disease.
Download or read book Mitochondrial Disorders in Neurology written by Anthony Henry Vernon Schapira and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1994 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondrial Disorders in Neurology provides an overview of mitochondrial diseases. This book discusses the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction based on the relevant biochemistry and molecular genetics. The abnormal muscle and mitochondrial morphology in a variety of clinical presentations from isolated ophthalmoplegia to severe encephalopathy are also elaborated. This text likewise deliberates Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, neurodegenerative disorders, and respiratory chain defects. Other topics covered include mitochondrial DNA and the genetics of mitochondrial disease; cytochrome ox ...
