Download or read book The Role of the Meniscus in Knee Joint Load Transmission written by Catherine Mary Ford and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Meniscus written by Philippe Beaufils and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-28 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide focuses on the normal meniscal mechanism, body and function. Meniscal pathology and therapy are depicted in detail, followed by a presentation of long-term experience of meniscal transplantation and a look into the future of meniscal surgery.

Download or read book Engineering the Knee Meniscus written by Kyriacos A. Athanasiou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The knee meniscus was once thought to be a vestigial tissue, but is now known to be instrumental in imparting stability, shock absorption, load transmission, and stress distribution within the knee joint. Unfortunately, most damage to the meniscus cannot be effectively healed by the body. Meniscus tissue engineering offers a possible solution to this problem by striving to create replacement tissue that may be implanted into a defect site. With a strong focus on structure-function relationships, this book details the essential anatomical, biochemical, and mechanical aspects of this versatile tissue and reviews current meniscus tissue engineering strategies and repair techniques. We have written this text such that undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers will find it useful as a first foray into tissue engineering, a cohesive study of the meniscus, or a reference for meniscus engineering specifications. Table of Contents: Structure-Function Relationships of the Knee Meniscus / Pathophysiology and the Need for Tissue Engineering / Tissue Engineering of the Knee Meniscus / Current Therapies and Future Directions

Download or read book Knee Meniscus written by Van C. Mow and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1992 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews concepts on the biological, biochemical and biomechanical properties of the meniscus, its role in the function of the knee and the clinical management of meniscal injuries. Specialists assess the clinical experience with meniscectomy versus repair, discuss laser therapy and more.

Download or read book Insights Into the Function on the Knee Meniscus written by Fahd Faisal Mahmood and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The knee menisci are understood to have a variety of roles including load transmission and stability of the knee joint. To date, there has been no exploration of the role of radial tears of the menisci in inducing kinematic changes in knee joint movement. Furthermore, the function of proteoglycans in maintaining mechanical meniscus has not been explored.Load was applied to cadaveric knees in the intact state and following both a 50% and 100% radial tear of the medial (5 knees) or lateral (6 knees) meniscus. A coordinate system was developed to allow analysis of joint kinematics. Concurrently,confined compression techniques were used to apply 10% strain to meniscal samples from cadavers (30 samples) and patients suffering osteoarthritis (36 samples) in solutions of varying ionic concentration. 7 samples from an Actifit meniscal scaffold were also tested in deionised water. Resultant relaxation curves were fit using finite element modelling techniques. Human tissue samples were assayed for proteoglycan content.Radial tears of the meniscus did not induce significant changes in knee joint kinematics.Finite element modelling demonstrated that the electrostatic effect of proteoglycans contributed to ~40% of the stiffness of the meniscus. No significant difference in proteoglycan content was observed between solutions. The Actifit meniscal scaffold is stiffer than native meniscal tissue but displays similar permeability.Although radial tears do not alter the kinematics of the knee joint, there is evidence they result in abnormal loading of articular cartilage and it is hence important that they are repaired where possible. Proteoglycans play a critical role in maintaining stiffness of the meniscus - current repair strategies such as meniscal scaffolds do not attempt to recreate this function and hence may not prevent cartilage degradation. The stiffness of the Actifit meniscal scaffold may help protect a nascent meniscal repair but may also contribute to abnormal joint loading; its similar permeability will help mimic meniscal function.

Download or read book The Patellofemoral Joint written by James M. Fox and published by McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1993 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Menisci written by Robert F. LaPrade and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-21 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive journey through the pathogenesis and treatment of meniscal pathology. It details the elements that are necessary to properly understand, diagnose, and treat meniscal tears, ranging from vertical tears to radial tears and root avulsions. Treatment techniques are thoroughly described and illustrated, with presentation of the latest evidence on outcomes. The algorithmic treatment of meniscal tears has undergone a rapid transformation. We have progressed from the initial treatments involving removal of the meniscus using an open technique, to the performance of partial meniscectomies and complex meniscal repairs by means of an arthroscopic technique. The current treatment goal is to maintain the biology and mechanical integrity of this vital knee structure, an aim too often disregarded by past generations of surgeons. An explosion of new knowledge, coupled with advances in arthroscopic and surgical technology, has paved the way for wider application of approaches that help to preserve the meniscus, in the hope of preventing or delaying the development of knee arthritis. This book will have utility for all clinicians who treat meniscal lesions and will serve as a valuable resource for years to come.

Download or read book Role of Meniscus Micromechanics in Joint Function and Osteoarthritis written by Qing Li and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The meniscus, a crescent-shaped fibrocartilage located between the femur and tibia ends of the knee, is an essential component of knee joint, responsible for stability, load transmission and lubrication. The unique biomechanical function of the meniscus is endowed by its hierarchically structured extracellular matrix (ECM). The knee meniscus has very limited self-healing capabilities, especially in the inner avascular, proteoglycan-rich zone. Currently, the mechanical knowledge of meniscus is mostly limited to the tissue level, so it is unclear how such unique ECM structure across multiple length scales endows the tissue with its specialized mechanical properties. The first part of the dissertation studied the anisotropy and heterogeneity of the micromechanical properties of the meniscus ECM in normal joint function as well as during maturation by using innovative atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanomechanical tools. The systematic structure-mechanics understanding of the meniscus can serve as benchmark for understanding meniscus biomechanical function, documenting disease progression and designing tissue repair strategies. Injuries in the meniscus often lead to the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) which is the most prevalent form of osteoarthritis (OA) among the younger population. Among different types of PTOA repair and amelioration, small molecule treatment has been considered as one target since it plays a critical role not only in signaling pathway, but also in extracellular matrix. The second part of the dissertation was to investigate the role of decorin, a major small leucine rich proteoglycan (SLPR), in meniscus dysfunction induced PTOA progression. After destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) surgery, decorin knockout mice underwent accelerated aggrecan loss and cartilage damage, signifying increased susceptibility to OA. Since decorin and biglycan are two structurally similar SLRPs, the inducible knockout of decorin / biglycan or both has been studied to delineate the roles of decorin and biglycan during OA progression. By using the inducible knockout mice, mice can develop normally before the surgery, thus the decorin's role during OA progression can be isolated from biological development. By deleting decorin or biglycan expression at the time of DMM surgery, decorin appears to play a more dominating role than biglycan, as illustrated by its more severe phenotype in inducible knockout model and elevated expression in wild type cartilage under OA condition. These results underlined decorin for serving as an indispensable constituent to the structural and functional integrity of cartilage ECM, and set a basis for developing decorin-based cartilage regeneration and repair strategies.

Download or read book Postgraduate Orthopaedics written by Paul A. Banaszkiewicz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The must-have book for candidates preparing for the oral component of the FRCS (Tr and Orth).

Download or read book Sports Injuries written by Mahmut Nedim Doral and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 3295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sports Injuries: Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation covers the whole field of sports injuries and is an up-to-date guide for the diagnosis and treatment of the full range of sports injuries. The work pays detailed attention to biomechanics and injury prevention, examines the emerging treatment role of current strategies and evaluates sports injuries of each part of musculoskeletal system. In addition, pediatric sports injuries, extreme sports injuries, the role of physiotherapy, and future developments are extensively discussed. All those who are involved in the care of patients with sports injuries will find this textbook to be an invaluable, comprehensive, and up-to-date reference.

Download or read book Biomechanics of Diarthrodial Joints written by Van C. Mow and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Soft Hard Tissue Junction written by Neil D. Broom and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Richly illustrated throughout with actual tissue images, this innovative book shows that the soft-hard tissue junction is best understood in a biomechanical context. The authors describe their pioneering experimental methods, providing an essential structure-function framework for computational modelling, and thereby encouraging the development of more realistic, predictive models of this important tissue junction. Covering the three main musculoskeletal junctions of cartilage-bone, disc-vertebra, and ligament/tendon-bone, the relevant soft tissues are examined with respect to both their own inherent structure and their mode of integration with the hard tissue. The soft-hard tissue interface is explored with a focus on structural damage resulting from overloading, and its associated pathologies. Adopting a multiscale approach, ranging in structural resolution from the macro to fibril levels, this is a must-have guide to the field and an ideal resource for researchers seeking new and creative approaches for studying the joint and spine tissues.

Download or read book The Structure Function Relationship in Knee Menisci written by Jeanie Kwok Meckes and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disorder with risk factors that include aging and joint injury. OA is characterized as the degeneration of articular cartilage, but invariably affects other joint tissues, including subchondral bone, menisci, synovium, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Of these tissues, the meniscus, in particular, plays a critical role in the knee joint, providing load bearing and transmission, shock absorption, smooth articulation, and joint stability. These biomechanical functions are dependent upon the hierarchical structure and composition of the meniscus at the tissue level, as well as homeostatic mechanisms maintained at the cell and molecular level. The importance of the meniscus is emphasized by the fact that meniscal degeneration and injuries as well as partial/total meniscectomy contribute to the development and/or progression of OA. However, the precise relationship between meniscus degeneration and aging, injury, and OA is poorly understood. Previous studies have examined the macroscopic and microscopic meniscus structure, composition, and biomechanical properties independently, but do not provide a global understanding of meniscus degeneration. This dissertation investigates the structure-function relationship of the meniscus in humans and mice during aging, injury, and OA using multidisciplinary biological and engineering tools and techniques across multiple scales, from tissue to molecular level. Age-dependent changes in the nanobiomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix of human meniscus were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), which revealed distinct nanobiomechanical profiles of healthy, aged, degenerated, and OA tissue. A semi-quantitative histopathological grading system was developed to assess degenerative changes in the structure and composition of menisci from mice models of normal aging, injury, and OA. This histopathological grading system was applied to understand changes in and the function of autophagy in mice menisci during aging and injury. Lastly, qualitative and quantitative ultrashort echotime (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess morphological and functional properties in menisci as well as determine the potential for identifying early biomarkers of meniscus degeneration and progression. This multiscale study of the structure--function relationship in the meniscus provides insight into diagnostics and treatment of meniscus injuries and degeneration for the prevention or slowing of the progression of OA.

Download or read book Personalized Hip and Knee Joint Replacement written by Charles Rivière and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes and illustrates the surgical techniques, implants, and technologies used for the purpose of personalized implantation of hip and knee components. This new and flourishing treatment philosophy offers important benefits over conventional systematic techniques, including component positioning appropriate to individual anatomy, improved surgical reproducibility and prosthetic performance, and a reduction in complications. The techniques described in the book aim to reproduce patients’ native anatomy and physiological joint laxity, thereby improving the prosthetic hip/knee kinematics and functional outcomes in the quest of the forgotten joint. They include kinematically aligned total knee/total hip arthroplasty, partial knee replacement, and hip resurfacing. The relevance of available and emerging technological tools for these personalized approaches is also explained, with coverage of, for example, robotics, computer-assisted surgery, and augmented reality. Contributions from surgeons who are considered world leaders in diverse fields of this novel surgical philosophy make this open access book will invaluable to a wide readership, from trainees at all levels to consultants practicing lower limb surgery

Download or read book Heterogeneity And Anisotropy In The Microscale Poroelastic Properties Of The Knee Meniscus written by Biao Han and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTION: The synovial joint of the knee is essential for shock absorption and joint lubrication during locomotion. For high frequency activities, such as running and jumping, the shock absorption function is governed by the fluid flow-induced poroelasticity of cartilage [1], in which, the interstitial fluid pressurization arises due to the densely packed, highly negatively charged aggrecan in the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) [2]. Besides articular cartilage, the meniscus is also a key functional unit of the knee joint, enhancing congruency and providing direct load transmission to the cartilage [3] and increasing joint stability [4]. Like cartilage, the meniscus also exhibits pronounced time-dependent mechanical properties [5]. However, the meniscus ECM has a distinctive structure and composition, marked by a type I collagen-dominated outer region that gradually transitions into a type II collagen and aggrecan-rich inner region [6]. Our recent studies suggested that the structure and mechanical behavior of the meniscus ECM is highly heterogeneous and anisotropic [5]. It is unclear, however, if or how, the meniscus contributes to the poroelastic energy dissipation of the joint in a region- and orientation-specific manner. Such knowledge is important, given that meniscus injury often occurs during high frequency activities, and is a common cause of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Thus, a more in-depth understanding of meniscus biomechanics will provide new benchmarks for documenting disease progression and developing regenerative strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate and detail the microscale poroelastic mechanical behavior of the meniscus, with a focus on the tissue structural heterogeneity and anisotropy.METHODS: Medial menisci were harvested from adult bovine (18u201330 months old) knees. The outer one-third (outer region) and inner one-third (inner region) were dissected and embedded in O.C.T. Blocks from both regions were cryo-sectioned in the transverse or coronal plane at the thickness of 10-u00b5m to produce horizontal (Inner Horizontal: IH; Outer Horizontal: OH) and vertical (Inner Vertical: IV; Outer Vertical: OV) sections. Safranin-O/Fast Green staining was applied to assess tissue-level collagen structure and the distribution of sulfated glycoaminoglycans (sGAGs, mostly from aggrecan). The microscale poroelastic mechanical properties were determined using a custom-built AFM-nanorheometer with microspherical tips (R u2248 12.5 u00b5m, k u2248 2 N/m) and a Dimension Icon AFM, followed by our established procedures [7]. Specifically, a 2-3 nm random binary sequence displacement was superimposed onto the ~ 1 u00b5m static compression during a 100-sec ramp-and-hold. The dynamic force, F*, and depth, D*, as a function of frequency (1-1000Hz) was extracted via discrete Fourier transform. The complex dynamic modulus magnitude, 'E*', and phase angle, u03b4, were derived via the Taylor expansion of Hertz model [8]. The self-stiffening ratio was obtained by the ratio of 'E*' at high (900-1000 Hz, EH) versus low (1-3 Hz, EL) frequencies. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer post-hoc analysis was used for statistical testing, with u03b1 = 0.05.RESULTS: Histology showed the more fibrous nature of the meniscus outer zone, marked by the prevalence of circumferentially aligned collagen fibers. The inner zone had significantly higher staining for the sGAGs, signifying a higher concentration of aggrecan (Fig. 1). AFM nanorheometric testing detected substantial heterogeneity and anisotropy in the microscale properties, marked by the distinctive frequency spectra of 'E*' and u03b4 among test regions and orientations (Fig. 2a). As a result, the moduli, EL and EH, self-stiffening ratio, EH/EL, and maximum phase angle, u03b4m, varied significantly between inner and outer zones, and between horizontal and vertical sections. Overall, the moduli and phase angles were higher on the vertical sections (IV and OV) than horizontal sections (IH and OH). For the vertical sections, while the moduli, EL and EH, were both higher in the outer region, the inner region (IV) showed higher EH/EL and u03b4m, indicating a greater contribution of poroelastic behavior in those regions.DISCUSSION: This study highlights the distinct microscale poroelastic mechanical properties of the meniscus ECM. In particular, greater time-dependence was found in the vertical sections. According to the literature, at the deformation length scale of the AFM-nanorheometric test (contact radius ~ 2 u00b5m), the time-dependence and energy dissipation are primarily governed by poroelasticity [9]. On the vertical sections, the loading axis is parallel to the collagen fiber axis, resulting in compression of collagen fibrils with lateral confinement from adjacent fibrils and proteoglycans residing in the interfibrillar space [6]. In comparison, in the horizontal section, the loading axis is perpendicular to the fiber axis, which leads to local uncrimping or sliding of the fibrils. Therefore, given that proteoglycans are more confined by laterally constrained compression, indentation in the vertical direction allows for a higher degree of fluid pressurization, and thus, more pronounced poroelastic time-dependent behavior.tFor vertical sections, while the outer region was stiffer due to the more organized collagen fibers, the inner zone exhibited a higher degree of poroelastic energy dissipation. Such contrast shows the importance of aggrecan in the microscale poroelasticity of the meniscus. This contrast possibly suggests that the collagen fibers have limited contributions to the poroelastic energy dissipation. It also indicates that, during high frequency loading, the meniscus mainly dissipates energy in its aggrecan-rich, compressive load-bearing inner zone. On the other hand, the highest u03b4m (16 u00b1 2u00b0, mean u00b1 S.E., measured in the IV region), was much lower than bovine cartilage (36 u00b1 2u00b0, [2]), indicating that the contribution of the meniscus to knee shock absorption is secondary to that of cartilage.SIGNIFICANCE: This study defines the microscale heterogeneity and anisotropy of the poroelastic mechanical properties of the meniscus. This work provides important biomechanical benchmarks for understanding disease progression and developing regenerative strategies.

Download or read book Basic Orthopaedic Biomechanics Mechano biology written by Van C. Mow and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2005 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomaterials / Ahmed El-Ghannam and Paul Ducheyne -- Biomechanics of the spine / Ian A. F. Stokes and James C. Iatridis -- Biomechanics of fracture fixation and fracture healing / Lutz E. Claes and Keita Ito -- Biomechanics and preclinical testing of artificial joints: the hip / Rik Huiskes and Jan Stolk -- Biomechanics of total knee replacement designs / Peter S. Walker.

Download or read book Arthroscopic Meniscal Repair written by W. Dilworth Cannon and published by American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. This book was released on 1999 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover how proper preparation, technique, and new suturing tools can make this demanding procedure faster and easier. Begin with the basic science of meniscal repair. Then study the leading surgical alternatives. Your expert contributors address the results as well as the complications of each technique.