Download or read book The Role of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Alkaline Nuclease in Processing DNA Replication Intermediates written by Joshua Norkin Goldstein and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book HSV 1 Exonuclease UL12 Interacts with Host Recombination Factors and is Essential for Viral Growth written by Nandakumar Balasubramanian and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cell Biology of Herpes Viruses written by Klaus Osterrieder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-20 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herpes viruses are widely distributed in nature, causing disease in organisms as diverse as bivalves and primates, including humans. Each virus appears to have established a long-standing relationship with its host, and the viruses have the ability to manipulate and control the metabolism of host cells, as well as innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses. Herpes viruses maintain themselves within hosts in a latent state resulting in virus persistence for years – usually for the life span of the hosts. Herpes viruses comprise a large number of pathogens with diverse cellular targets and biological consequences of infection. What they have in common is their structure and the fact that they establish a dormant (latent) infection in their hosts that usually persists for life. The reviews here will highlight the general principles of herpes virus infection, with equal attention to overall principle and important difference. Also, the cell type- and life-style dependent differences in the establishment and maintenance of virus persistence will be covered.

Download or read book Herpes Simplex Viruses written by Marie Studahl and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studying the epidemiology, identification, pathogenesis and clinical features of diseases associated with herpes simplex viruses, this important reference evaluates the latest treatment regimens, mechanisms of immune response and evasion, and research related to vaccines for the prevention and reduction of HSV outbreaks. Covering the basic virology relevant to the understanding of disease manifestations, Herpes Simplex Viruses analyzes: the evolution of HSV infections recent clinical trials using new and emerging pharmaceuticals, as well as new treatments for HSV prognoses and management schemes for different disease manifestations of HSV well-known diseases such as gingivostomatitis and recurrent labial infection, HSV infections of the skin, acute and recurrent genital infection, and ocular infection diseases recently associated with HSV such as paresis of the facial nerve.

Download or read book Roles of the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 U L17 and U L28 Genes in Viral DNA Cleavage and Packaging written by Naomi Sachiko Taus and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.

Download or read book Viral Genome Packaging Genetics Structure and Mechanism written by Carlos E. Catalano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-03 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viral Genome Packaging focuses on the process of genome "packaging" within a pre-formed viral procapsid. The chapters of this book concentrate on the biochemistry, enzymology and structural aspects of the genome packaging machinery. This book defines a broad mechanistic basis for the process across the prokaryotic and eukaryotic border, and for DNA and RNA viruses. The biochemical, biophysical and structural aspects of genome packaging are examined in detail.

Download or read book Structure Function Relationships of Human Pathogenic Viruses written by Andreas Holzenburg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structure-Function Relationships of Human Pathogenic Viruses provides information on the mechanisms by which viruses enter the cell, replicate, package their DNA into capsids and mature into new virions. The relation between structural features and the pathogenicity and oncogenicity of some of the most relevant human viral pathogens are demonstrated and the acquisition of defense mechanisms through virus-host interactions are presented. In contrast to textbooks, this volume combines timely research data to provide a holistic view of viral pathogenesis. Furthermore Structure-Function Relationships of Human Pathogenic Viruses illustrates in a single volume the fundamental processes involved in viral life cycles using up-to-date information from research laboratories around the world. Knowledge of these processes is crucial to develop rationales for the design of future drugs. The timeliness of the data and the comprehensive yet concise approach this book takes in order to present the world of viral pathogens should make it a frontrunner in higher education and R&D.

Download or read book The Role of the Associated 3 to 5 Exonuclease Activity and Processivity Factor UL42 of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 DNA Polymerase on the Fidelity of DNA Replication written by Liping Song and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA polymerase (pol) has an associated 32 to 52 exonuclease (exo) activity that plays an important role in maintaining the fidelity of DNA replication and viability of the virus. To assess the functional significance of the exo activity, the aspects of fidelity and translesion DNA synthesis affected by HSV-1 pol deficient in this exo activity (D368A) were examined and compared with those of wild-type pol. Because HSV-1 pol forms a stable heterodimer with UL42, a protein that stimulates the polymerizing activity and increases the processivity of pol, the impact of UL42 on fidelity was also evaluated. Pre-steady-state kinetic analysis revealed that the D368A mutation destroyed exo activity without significantly altering the inherent polymerization function. It was demonstrated that both wild-type and mutant pols could selectively incorporate correct vs. incorrect nucleotides, and exo activity enhanced nucleotide selectivity by roughly an order of magnitude under steady-state conditions. However, the primary effect of exo activity on fidelity was manifested during processive DNA synthesis, because it functioned to remove incorporated mismatches, the latter which impeded the extension ability of pol, particularly in the presence of UL42 processivity factor. UL42 did not alter the pre-steady-state rate constants for correct nucleotide incorporation, misincorporation, translocation, or nucleotide excision. However, UL42 decreased dissociation of pol from DNA, which not only made the enzyme more processive but also allowed enough time to excise replication errors. Lesions, such as abasic (AP) sites, also impeded extension beyond the sites, although both HSV-1 wild-type and exo-deficient pols could incorporate dATP opposite the AP site with reduced efficiencies compared to that for normal DNA synthesis. The exo activity facilitated sensing of the lesion through increased excision rate, thereby preventing extension through repeated incorporation and excision events. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that the associated exo activity of HSV-1 pol coordinates with the polymerizing activity by partitioning the primer terminus between the exo and polymerizing sites to proofread errors and prevent translesion synthesis, ultimately increasing the fidelity of HSV-1 DNA synthesis.

Download or read book Functional Significance of the Physical Interaction Between the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Origin binding Protein UL9 and the DNA Polymerase Processivity Factor UL42 written by Kelly S. Trego and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The origin (ori)-binding protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), encoded by the UL9 open-reading frame, has been shown to physically interact with a number of cellular and viral proteins, including three HSV-1 proteins (ICP8, UL42, and UL8) essential for ori-dependent DNA replication. In this report, it is demonstrated for the first time that the DNA polymerase processivity factor, UL42 protein, provides accessory function to the UL9 protein, by enhancing the 3' to 5' helicase activity of UL9 on partially duplex non-specific DNA substrates. UL42 fails to enhance the unwinding activity of a non-cognate helicase, suggesting enhancement of unwinding requires the physical interaction between UL42 and UL9. UL42 increases the steady-state rate for unwinding a 23/38-mer by UL9, but only at limiting UL9 concentrations, consistent with a role in increasing the affinity of UL9 for DNA. Optimum enhancement of unwinding was observed at UL42:UL9 molecular ratios of 4:1, although enhancement was reduced when high ratios of UL42:DNA were present. Under the assay conditions employed, UL42 did not alter the rate of dissociation of UL9 from the DNA substrate. UL42 also did not alter the requirement or time for an assembly/conformational change step, regardless of whether it was added to DNA prior to or at the same time as UL9, or after steady-state unwinding by UL9 alone had been achieved. Thus, the increased affinity of UL9 for DNA most likely is the result of an increase in the association rate constant for binding of UL9 to DNA, and explains why helicase enhancement is observed only at subsaturating concentrations of UL9 with respect to DNA. Consistent with this interpretation are results which demonstrate that UL42 also enhances the ATPase activity of UL9 on single-strand and partially duplex DNA substrates when UL9 is limiting. In contrast, ICP8 enhances unwinding at both saturating and subsaturating UL9 concentrations, and reduces or eliminates the lag period. The different means by which ICP8 and UL42 enhance activities of UL9 suggest that these two members of the presumed functional replisome may act synergistically on UL9 to effect initiation of HSV-1 DNA replication in vivo.

Download or read book Fields Virology DNA Viruses written by Peter M. Howley and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2021-05-17 with total page 2429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bundled with the eBook, which will be updated regularly as new information about each virus is available, this text serves as the authoritative, up-to-date reference book for virologists, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, and physicians, as well as medical students pursuing a career in infectious diseases.

Download or read book Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Mediated by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 UL12 5 written by Brett Adrian Kyle Duguay and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) leads to the rapid and complete loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondrial messenger RNA (mt-mRNA), effectively eliminating gene expression within mitochondria. Previous work determined that a unique 3' co-terminal transcript arising from within viral alkaline nuclease gene UL12 produced an amino (N)-terminally truncated viral protein, termed UL12.5, which was responsible for mtDNA loss. The UL12 and UL12.5 proteins share the same open reading frame (ORF); however, translation initiation of UL12.5 occurs from the codon equivalent to UL12 M127. The N-terminal truncation of UL12.5 relative to UL12 unmasks a sequence which targets UL12.5 to mitochondria. My working hypothesis stated that UL12.5 localizes to the mitochondrial matrix, in close proximity to mtDNA, to nucleolytically degrade mitochondrial genomes. When I began this research it was clear that UL12.5 caused mtDNA loss by localizing to mitochondria. However, it was unclear how and why UL12.5-mediated mtDNA loss occurred. The data presented in this thesis firstly, support our earlier work and demonstrate that the mitochondrial localization of UL12.5 is controlled by an N-proximal mitochondrial localization sequence (MLS). Furthermore, while this MLS possesses many hallmarks of a mitochondrial matrix targeted protein, UL12.5 does not appear to simply translocate into the mitochondrial matrix. Secondly, inconsistent with the hypothesis, I observed that UL12.5 could cause mtDNA loss in the absence of its inherent nuclease activity, which suggested that cellular nucleases were involved in this process. In support of this revised hypothesis, I discovered that mtDNA loss by UL12.5 was facilitated by the mitochondrial nucleases endonuclease G (ENDOG) and endonuclease G-like 1 (EXOG). Finally, following the construction of a UL12.5-null HSV-1 mutant virus impaired in the ability to cause mtDNA depletion, I observed that the elimination of mtDNA is not required for viral replication. Altogether, the research presented in this thesis support a unique and complex mechanism employed by the HSV-1 UL12.5 protein to destroy mtDNA. These data also leave open the possibility that mtDNA loss may have a significant role in HSV-1 replication in vivo.

Download or read book The Role of the 3 5 Exonuclease Activity of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Translesion DNA Synthesis written by Jason Stroud and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Accurate copying of DNA is vital for maintaining genome integrity and organismal viability. The associated 3' to 5' exonuclease (exo) activity of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA polymerase (pol) has been shown to play multiple roles in DNA replication error avoidance. The pol-associated exo activity has been shown previously to prevent nascent strand extension in the presence of damaged primer terminus by causing futile cycles of incorporation and excision of nucleotides at the damage site. To further characterize the interaction between the exo and pol domains of the HSV pol catalytic subunit, the ability of exo-deficient (exo- ) and wild-type (wt) pol to extend a DNA primer on a template containing an apyrimidinic (AP) site was assayed. We hypothesized that the communication between the exo and pol domains would allow the enzyme to "look back" to detect an error even after it has replicated through it.

Download or read book Advances in Virus Research written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-08-03 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published since 1953, Advances in Virus Research covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews providing a valuable overview of the current field of virology. In 2004, the Institute for Scientific Information released figures showing that the series has an Impact Factor of 2.576, with a half-life of 7.1 years, placing it 11th in the highly competitive category of Virology.

Download or read book Functional Characterization of UL15 an Essential Gene Involved in DNA Cleavage packaging of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 written by Dong Yu and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 HSV 1 UL31 UL33 and UL34 Proteins Play Essential Roles in Herpesvirion Morphogenesis written by Ashley Elizabeth Reynolds and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: