Download or read book The Role of the Cross Pathway Control cpc 2 Gene in the Filamentous Fungus Neurospora Crassa written by Amruta Vikas Garud and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous work demonstrated that CPC-2 plays an important role during general amino acid control in N. crassa, along with having a role in overall growth and female fertility. My research investigated a possible role for cpc-2 in the G protein signaling pathway, and also investigated genetic epistasis between cpc-2, gnb-1 and the G[Alpha] genes in N. crassa .
Download or read book Cellular Signaling Mechanisms in Neurospora Crassa written by Arit Ghosh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellular signal transduction mechanisms are regulated at multiple different stages during an organism's life cycle as well as life span. Environmental stress and starvation responses are extremely well coordinated by cell surface receptors and internal scaffolding molecules that are routing the signal to the effector proteins such as transcription factors. It is through these transcription factors that the cell will then regulate gene expression. With the help of this study, my co-authors and me have tried to elucidate a signal transduction network, which explains various facets of cellular signaling in the model filamentous fungus - Neurospora crassa. The first chapter has elucidated the role of serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphatases in growth and development in Neurospora. In addition, the chapter also shows that deletion of certain phosphatases lead to sensitivities to chemicals inducing osmotic stress, oxidative stress, cytoskeletal defects or ROS accumulation. Nine phosphatase mutants are also listed to have elevated levels of the active phosphorylated form of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (OS-2 in Neurospora) which is a critical regulator for counteraction to osmo-stress as well as an important regulator of female sexual development. Two other interesting genes - NCU04600 (pph-8) and NCU08380 (csp-6) are also described in this chapter for their unique phenotypes. The second chapter deals with the role of the important scaffolding protein and RACK1 homolog - CPC-2 in regulation of amino acid starvation mechanisms in Neurospora known as cross pathway control. CPC-2 is found to regulate the bZIP transcription factor - CPC-1 via modulation of post-translational modifications on CPC-1 during amino acid starvation. This transcription factor is in turn, integral towards de-repression of amino acid biosynthetic genes under amino acid starvation conditions. This chapter provides mechanistic details on how CPC-2 is able to regulate CPC-1 protein and thereby affect cross pathway control. In chapter III, the focus is shifted towards translational regulation via heterotrimeric G proteins and the guanine-exchange factor RIC-8 to build up a novel finding revealing that G proteins and RIC-8 are an integral part of the ribosome. Elevated phospho-eIF2[Alpha] levels in the G protein and ric-8 mutants suggest that global translation is greatly reduced in these strains. Poly-RNA-seq analyses of gna-1, gnb-1 and ric-8 mutants reveal certain ribosomal proteins as well as elongation factors and two serine/threonine kinases - stk-18 and stk-43 are greatly affected in polysomal co-migration by these gene deletions. In addition, deletion of ric-8 leads to loss of PKC protein from the polysomes, which suggests critical translational control of PKC via RIC-8. This thesis has thus aimed to expand on current knowledge on these abovementioned topics and laid the groundwork for future advances in understanding these cellular signaling mechanisms in Neurospora crassa.
Download or read book Two component Signaling Pathways in the Filamentous Fungus Neurospora Crassa written by Carol Ann Jones and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cell to Cell Fusion in Neurospora Crassa written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell fusion plays a vital role in the life cycle of the filamentous fungus, Neurospora crassa. During the sexual life cycle, cell fusion is required for the mating between the female mating structure protoperithecia and the asexual spore conidia of the opposite mating type. During the asexual life cycle, cell fusion can occur between conidia and vegetative hyphae cells, which is critical for the formation of an interconnected hyphal network. N. crassa depends on the interconnected hyphal network to transport nutrient within the colony to support both asexual and sexual development. Examination of classical hyphal fusion mutants showed that defect in hyphal fusion usually gives rise to two easily observable morphology defect phenotypes, the lack of female mating structure, the protoperithecium, and a flat conidiation pattern. Hyphal fusion is a general survival strategy for many filamentous fungi, however the mechanism in regulating cell fusion is poorly understood. With well-developed molecular and genetic tools (genome-wide deletion library, gene expression profiling, vast plasmid collections), N. crassa provides a very good platform to study cell fusion. In this study, we took advantage of the available gene deletion library and performed a morphology-based genome-wide screen looking for cell fusion mutants. After examination of over 10,000 single gene deletion mutant strains, we identified 25 cell fusion genes, which, for the first time, allowed us to systematically look at the regulation of cell fusion. Among the 25 genes, 12 genes have been previously shown as needed for cell fusion. The study confirmed the involvement of four signaling modules during cell fusion, the MAK-1 MAP Kinase pathway, the MAK-2 MAP Kinase pathway, a calcium signaling pathway and the STRIPAK complex. This raised interesting questions about how the newly identified cell fusion genes regulate cell fusion. In order to address these questions, we used molecular cloning techniques to label 7 new cell fusion genes with either GFP, RFP or HA tags. We were most interested in their protein expression patterns and their localizations inside the cell. We also looked at MAK-1 and MAK-2 activation in the gene deletion mutants to determine whether the mutants were affected in the activation of these 2 pathways. We demonstrated that HAM-6, HAM-7 and HAM-8 are cell type-specific proteins which function upstream in the MAK-1 pathway regulating cell fusion. The other four proteins provide more general functions in regulating N. crassa growth. Finally, we looked at the GPI-anchored cell wall protein HAM-7. In collaboration with others, we were able to confirm that HAM-7 function as MAK-1 MAP kinase pathway sensor in regulating hyphal fusion.
Download or read book Characterization of the Neurospora Crassa Cell Wall and Glycosylphosphatidylinositol GPI anchor Biosynthetic Pathways written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cell wall plays a vital role in the physiology of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, but its synthesis, structure, and remodeling dynamics have not been well defined. To this end, N. crassa mutants affected in two biosynthetic pathways involved in cell wall formation, protein mannosylation and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor addition, have been isolated and characterized. These pathways are important for the production of cell wall glycoproteins, which are involved in the synthesis, assembly, organization, and remodeling of the cell wall. The mutants exhibit reduced rates of growth, altered hyphal and gross colony morphologies, and pronounced cell wall defects. In addition, these cell wall mutants are unable to produce many of the characteristic cell types formed as part of the normal N. crassa life cycle. In chapter 2, a novel genetic mapping and PCR-based sequencing assay was used to the clone the mnt-1 gene, which encodes an alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase. The mnt-1 gene was shown to be required for the synthesis of the galactomannan component present on glycoproteins in the cell wall. Mnt-1 mutants have altered cell wall carbohydrate composition and are unable to repress the onset of the asexual developmental program. The work in chapter 3 details the identification of the gpip-1, gpip-2, gpip-3, and gpit-1 genes, which are involved in the addition of the GPI-anchor to select cell wall glycoproteins. The gpip-1, gpip-2, and gpip-3 genes encode phosphoethanolamine transferases that function in the addition of phosphoethanolamine groups to the GPI-anchor during anchor biogenesis. The gpit-1 gene encodes a component of the GPI transamidase complex involved in the transfer of the completed anchor structure to the target protein. The GPI-anchor mutants experience a significant degree of cell lysis, have altered cell wall carbohydrate and protein compositions, and are deficient in the production of a number of putative GPI-anchored cell wall proteins. The characterization of the protein component in the mutant and wild-type cell walls allowed for the identification of several GPI-anchored and non-anchored cell wall proteins. Overall, the results of this doctoral work demonstrate that the addition of galactomannan to cell wall proteins is an important element of cell wall biogenesis. The work also highlights the significance of the GPI-anchor in directing GPI-anchored proteins to the cell wall and the importance of those proteins for cell wall biosynthesis and remodeling. The addition of galactomannans and GPI-anchors are required for the normal morphology and development of N. crassa.
Download or read book Isolation and Characterization of PCO 1 which Encodes a Regulatory Protein that Controls Purine Degradation in Neurospora Crassa written by Ta-Wei D. Liu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A feature of the nitrogen regulatory circuit in filamentous fungi is that pathway-specific control genes mediate induction of enzymes by substrates in specific pathways. The gene encoding a new pathway-specific factor involved in purine degradation pathway, pco-1, was isolated from Neurospora using a PCR-mediated method. The open reading frame of the pco-1 gene is interrupted by two introns which were identified by comparing the genomic DNA sequence and the cDNA sequence obtained by RT-PCR. The predicted PCO1 protein contains 1101 amino acids and appears to possess a single Zn(II)2/Cys6 binuclear-type zinc cluster. A coiled-coil domain was predicted by computer-aided sequence analysis, suggesting that PCO1 might function as a dimer. A chemical crosslinking assay indicated PCO1 does dimerize in vitro. Deletion of the coiled-coil domain completely abolished the activity of PCO1. A loss of function pco-1 mutant was created by the rip procedure. Analysis of pco1- strains revealed that PCO1 acts as a positive regulator of the purine degradation pathway. Results of mobility shift assays indicate that PCO1 specifically binds to TCGG-N6-CCGA DNA sequences which exist in promoter regions of the structural genes it regulates. The C-terminus of PCO1 features two glutamine-rich regions which are commonly found in activation domains of transcription factors and a polyglycine stretch. The PCO1 protein with one of the glutamine-rich regions deleted was still partially functional. Removing both of them completely abolished the activity of PCO1. This domain shows higher homology to NIT4, the Neurospora pathway-specific factor in the nitrate assimilation pathway, than to UAY, its counterpart in Aspergillus nidulans, suggesting transcription factors in N. crassa may share similar activation regions.
Download or read book Harnessing Useful Rhizosphere Microorganisms for Pathogen and Pest Biocontrol Volume II written by Aurelio Ciancio and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of biocontrol agents and beneficial organisms for management of plant and pest diseases appears as an environment-friendly and economic procedure. However, this option is not always available, depending on the lack of knowledge on the mechanisms of natural regulation, locally effective. In this view, this eBook considers studies and experimental works illustrating a range of problems and solutions based on microbial resources, suitable for management of biotic stress factors. These examples show how detailed data and knowledge on the organisms involved are of paramount importance to achieve a sustainable and durable management capability.
Download or read book Changes in Gene Expression of Neurospora Crassa in Response to Quinic Acid written by Kayla A. Brown and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a filamentous fungus, Neurospora crassa serves as an ideal model for eukaryotic organisms. Like many fungi, Neurospora is able to utilize many different carbon sources for energy. This however, requires the presence of genes that code for a variety of metabolic pathways that are not always needed. An example of such a group of genes would be the genes involved in utilizing quinic acid. When Neurospora grows in the presence of a less preferred carbon source, such as quinic acid, gene expression of the quinic acid (qa) gene cluster is up-regulated. This allows the organism to metabolize quinic acid and survive in the less favorable conditions. In contrast, when in the presence of a preferred carbon source, such as dextrose or sucrose, the qa genes are repressed. This study examines how changing the carbon source effects gene expression in wild-type N.crassa. N.crassa was first grown in presence of either quinic acid or sucrose and harvested for tissue. Then, protein was extracted from this tissue and analyzed by 1- Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (1-DGE). Differences in protein expression was compared using the Quantity One® 1-D analysis software. Proteins unique to growth on quinic acid were identified after being submitted for mass spectrometry. Finally, gene transcription was quantitated in order to determine which genes coded for proteins expressed only in the presence of quinic acid by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
Download or read book Neurospora written by Durgadas Prabhakar Kasbekar and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on over 70 years of genetics research, Neurospora continues to be the leading model for the study of the genomics and molecular biology of filamentous fungi. The ease of culture, amenability to genetic and molecular genetic analysis, and the close correlation between genetic and biochemical traits are some of its advantages. Research with Neurospora has provided insights unachievable from work with simpler systems and difficult to extract from more complicated ones, cementing its position as a leading model system. In recent years the application of modern high throughput analyses had led to a deluge of information on the genomics and molecular biology of Neurospora. This timely book aims to distil the most important findings to provide a snapshot of the current research landscape. In this book, internationally recognised Neurospora experts critically review the most important research and demonstrate the breadth of applications to industrial biology, biofuels, agriculture, and human health. The opening chapter is an introduction to the organism. Following chapters cover topics such as: carotenoid biosynthesis, polysaccharide deconstruction, genome biology, genome recombination, gene regulation, signal transduction, self-recognition, development, circadian rhythms and mutation. The book closes with a fascinating look at the history and future trends for research on Neurospora gene and genome analysis. This volume is essential for everyone working with Neurospora and other filamentous fungi. A recommended book for all biology, agriculture and medical libraries.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fungal Genetics Newsletter written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Dicer like Protein is Essential for Normal Sexual Development and Meiotic Silencing in the Filamnentous Fungus Neurospora Crassa written by Malcolm Thomas McLaughlin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of an unpaired copy of a gene during meiosis triggers the silencing of every copy of that gene in the diploid ascus cell of Neurospora crassa, a phenomenon called Meiotic Silencing. This phenomenon has two stages: trans-sensing and meiotic silencing. If a DNA region is not detected on the opposite homologous chromosome early in meiosis (a trans-sensing failure), a signal corresponding to the unpaired region is produced that transiently silences expression of all homologous sequences. Meiotic silencing is related to RNA Silencing, a phenomenon that employs RNA-dependent RNA Polymerases (RdRPs), Argonautes, and Dicers. Dicers cleave double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into 21-23 nucleotide RNAs. In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, two RNA silencing pathways have been identified; one is active during mitosis, and the other is active during meiosis. The mitotic RNA silencing pathway, known as "quelling," involves an RdRP (quelling-deficient-1--qde-1), an Argonaute-like protein (quelling-deficient-2--qde-2), and two Dicer-like proteins (dicer-like-1--dcl-1 and dicer-like-2--dcl-2). Previous studies in N. crassa also revealed the involvement of an RdRP (Suppressor of ascus dominance-1--Sad-1) and an Argonaute-like protein (Suppressor of meiotic silencing-2--Sms-2) in meiotic silencing, suggesting that meiotic silencing is RNA-dependent and raising the question of whether a Dicer is involved in meiotic silencing. In this work, we tested the participation in meiotic silencing of the dcl-1 gene of N. crassa, which codes for a Dicer-like protein we call Suppressor of meiotic silencing-3--Sms-3. Crosses homozygous for mutant alleles of Sms-3 are barren, indicating that the gene is also essential for sexual development. Due to this homozygous sterility, we could only test the involvement of Sms-3 in meiotic silencing in heterozygous crosses. Under these conditions, we observed suppression of the meiotic silencing which would have otherwise been induced by the presence of unpaired DNA of reporter genes. We conclude that the Dicerlike protein Sms-3 is required for both meiotic RNA silencing and sexual development.
Download or read book Cross pathway Regulation of Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways in Neurospora Crassa written by Anne Catherine Wesseling and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigations Into the Gene Expression of Neurospora Crassa During Mycelial Contact with Fungi of Increasing Phylogenetic Distance written by Christopher Francisco Villalta and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first chapter, using phylogenetic information about Neurospora, I designed a successful two restriction enzyme digest assay that separated PS 1-3 from the other known Neurospora species and found one new PS1, nine new PS2, and one new PS3. The topography of the phylogenetic tree did not change with the addition of the new PS isolate data and neither did the interspecific mating patterns between Neurospora. As a result of finding new PS isolates and successfully retesting the PSR concept, the PS 1-3 were properly named and described as N. hispaniola, N. metzenbergii, and N. perkinsii. In the second chapter I observed changes in N. crassa gene expression during contact with the mycelia of other Neurospora. I framed the question from a phylogenetic perspective and collected mycelia from N. crassa during a self-self interaction, a intrapopulation interaction, a interpopulation interaction, and a intragenus interaction. After comparing RNAseq profiles of N. crassa interacting with the different fungi I found that the smallest change in gene expression occurred between the self-self interaction and the largest difference occurred in the interpopulation interaction. The intrapopulation and intragenus interactions shared the most in common. There was a large downregulation of metabolism in N. crassa when comparing N. crassa growing alone to N. crassa growing on a plate with another Neurospora, but before contact between mycelia. During contact with the mycelia of the other nonself Neurospora there was an upregulation of genes related to reactive oxygen species metabolism and melanin synthesis in N. crassa. In the interpopulation interaction there was visible production of melanin after mycelial contact between both N. crassa specimens. In interactions between nonself Neurospora there was a downregulation of genes involved in cell signaling and polar cell growth. Two genes, NCU01219 and NCU01074, were significantly upregulated in wild type N. crassa after contact between mycelia. Deletion mutants of both genes displayed reduced aerial mycelia in comparison to wild type N. crassa after contact. NCU01074 is an undescribed bzip transcription factor we found is closely related YAP bzip transcription factor family in S. cerevisiae and NCU01219 is a glutaredoxin. In the third chapter I characterized N. crassa gene expression during growth with a young 24 hour P. chrysogenum colony that did not inhibit mycelial growth and an old 72 hour P. chrysogenum colony that inhibited mycelia growth with the anti fungal protein, PAF. I wanted to find the genes, functional categories, and pathways that were affected by PAF induced growth inhibition in N. crassa and gain better insight into how fungi behave in the wild. I compared expression data of N. crassa interacting with P. chrysogenum to the Neurospora interaction data from Chapter 2. N. crassa interacting with P. chrysogenum had very different expression profiles from the other interactions, but genes related to melanin synthesis were upregulated similar to interactions between nonself Neurospora. A large amount of gene upregulation occurred in N. crassa when grown with the 72 hour old P. chrysogenum colony while the smallest change in gene expression occurred in N. crassa when interacting with the 24 hour old P. chrysogenum colony in comparison to all interactions from Chapter 2 and 3. I found 19 genes that were significantly differentially expressed in N. crassa during PAF induced growth inhibition caused by the 72 hour old P. chrysogenum colony that would be interesting candidates for further study with gene deletion and over expression mutants. The genes were related to the cell wall, cell membrane, cross membrane transporters, Ca2+ dependent signaling, virulence, and transcriptional regulation.
Download or read book Two New Genes Involved in Morphogenesis in Neurospora Crassa microform written by Bin Zhang and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Gene Expression in Aspergillus written by Robert Francis Maria Gorcom and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The FASEB Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
