Download or read book The Role of Soil Clays and Clay humic Complexes in Processes Controlling Colloidal Stability and the Sorption and Degradation of Tetracyclines written by Jutta Renate Veronika Pils and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory has been extensively used to explain dispersion and flocculation in colloidal systems, however little is known about the effect of crystalline swelling on colloidal behavior. The first topic addressed in the dissertation is the effect of monovalent and divalent cations on crystalline swelling and the breakup and formation of quasicrystals (QCs) and how these processes affect flocculation and dispersion of natural soil clay-humic complexes. The results indicate that high Ca2 levels enhance the formation of large QCs, which readily flocculate and settle out of suspension. Increasing the concentration of Na+, K+, or NH4+ results in the breakup of large Ca-QCs, which enhances dispersion. The second part of the dissertation addresses the influence of soil smectites and humic substances and their interactions on sorption and desorption of tetracyclines. Tetracyclines are important in human medicine and are also used extensively in livestock production. Chlortetracycline and tetracycline are routinely used for growth promoting and therapeutic purposes in livestock production. To elucidate the environmental fate of these pharmaceuticals, sorption isotherms were obtained using dilute CaCl2 or KC1 background solutions at different pHs for clays, humic substances, and clay-humic complexes. In all systems, the soil components sorbed> 96% of added tetracyclines. The results indicate that tetracyclines are dominantly sorbed on soil clays and that HS compete with tetracyclines for sorption sites on the clay surfaces. The third topic addressed in the dissertation is degradation and bioavailability of TC when it is adsorbed to whole soils, soil clay-HC, and soil clays. Specifically studied was the degradation of TC in both aqueous and colloidal systems, the antimicrobial activity of sorbed TC, whether sorbed TC is a long-term reservoir for slow TC release, and the ability of TC resistant bacteria to degrade sorbed TC. Studies indicated that sorbed TC inhibits soil bacteria, however, most likely due to slow TC release from soil components. Most of the adsorbed TC was retained by the soil and soil components in a form that was not released during the 149-day incubation. This stable pool of adsorbed TC appeared to be primarily associated with organic matter and humic substances.

Download or read book Carbon Stabilization by Clays in the Environment written by David A. Laird and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Organo Clay Complexes and Interactions written by Shmuel Yariv and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-11-02 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Provides comprehensive coverage of the structures, properties, and interactions of organo-clay complexes as well as their role in the origin of life. Presents current techniques in nuclear magnetic resonance, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry, visible spectroscopy, and infrared and thermal-infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of

Download or read book Commencement written by Iowa State University and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diffusion and Sorption of 237Np in Clays Diffusion Sorption and Stability of Radionuclide organic Complexes in Clays and Clay organic Complexes written by S. Staunton and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Role of Clay Minerals on Soil Organic Matter Stabilization and Humification written by Javier Martinez Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hypothesis that Maillard reactions contribute to the formation of new soil organic matter (SOM) was investigated. Specific objectives of the research were to determine whether smectites (type of smectite and their associated saturating metal cations) and synthetic Al-substituted goethites catalyze the Maillard reaction leading to the formation of humic-like compounds under abiotic conditions and to determine the distribution of newly formed humic materials into mineralogical distinct clay-size fractions. To investigate clay catalysis of the Maillard reaction, four smectites and four synthetic Al-substituted goethites were incubated with arginine (or glycine peptides) + glucose solutions for 21 days at 37°C under abiotic conditions. The results indicate that smectites and to a lesser extent goethites were capable of catalyzing dehydration of glucose to form furfural compounds and levulinic acid. Glucose dehydration was affected by the type of saturating cation on the clay; Al3 enhanced monosaccharide dehydration whereas Fe3+ inhibited monosaccharide dehydration. In goethites + peptide + glucose systems, as Al substitution on goethites increased, cleavage of the peptide bond increased. The transformation products in the systems (sorbed C + N) are believed to be co-polymerization products of furfural compounds and levulinic acid and amino containing compounds. To determine the relationship between clay mineralogy and the distribution of newly formed humic materials, a Monona soil was fractionated into mineralogical distinct fractions. The Monona soil had been previously labeled with 14C through the decomposition of labeled Oat roots. The total organic C and total N content in the fine clay (dominated by interstratified smectite/illite) and coarse clay (dominated by quartz) fractions were similar. However, the new 14C preferentially accumulated in the fine clay fraction relative to the coarse clay fraction. Scanning electron micrographs reveal diffuse humic materials on the surfaces smectites in the fine clay fractions, suggesting that new humic materials are preferentially forming or accumulating on soil smectite surfaces. This research demonstrates that Maillard reactions may be a major pathway for the incorporation of new C and N into SOM and for the formation of new humic substances.

Download or read book An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry written by H. Van Olphen and published by . This book was released on 1977-05-12 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay suspensions and coloidal systems in general. Properties of hydrophobic sols. The theory of the stability of hydrophobic sols. Succees of the theory of stability further theories and refinements. Clay mineralogy. Praticle size and shape, surfaca area, and density of charge. Electric double-layer structure and stability of clay suspensions. Peptization of clay suspensions. Technological applications of stability contorl, sedimentation, filtration, and flow behavior. Interlamellar and osmotic swelling application. Interaction of clays and organic compounds. Electrokinetic and electrochemical properties of clay water systems. Note on the preparation of clay suspensions. Electric double-layer computation. Miscellaneous computer data for montmorillonites. Van der waals attraction energy between two layers.

Download or read book Technical Control of the colloidal matter of clays written by Harrison Everett Ashley and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Competitive Adsorption of Humic Acids and Asphaltenes on Cation Exchanged Clays written by Angle, C. W. (Chandra W.) and published by [Devon, Alb.] : Coal Research Laboratories. This book was released on 1991 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry written by H. Van Olphen and published by . This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Composition of Interlayered Clays Affects the Retention and Transformations of Organic Compounds written by Srimathie Priyanthika Indraratne and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soil Mineralogy with Environmental Applications written by Joe Boris Dixon and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few books achieve a connection between scientifc theory and real world environmental problems, but this one does. Generous use of color images, exercises, and case studies make it friendly for the classroom or non-mineralogist. Discover crystallography, surface chemistry, mineral-solution equilibria, organic matter, and soil mineral analysis. The book includes a lengthy exploration of world-wide applications of mineralogy in soil taxonomy, tectonics, radionuclides, pesticides, enzymes, and more.

Download or read book Handbook of Bioremediation written by Mirza Hasanuzzaman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-10-18 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Bioremediation: Physiological, Molecular and Biotechnological Interventions discusses the mechanisms of responding to inorganic and organic pollutants in the environment using different approaches of phytoremediation and bioremediation. Part One focuses specifically on inorganic pollutants and the use of techniques such as metallothionein-assisted remediation, phytoextraction and genetic manipulation. Part Two covers organic pollutants and consider topics such as plant enzymes, antioxidant defense systems and the remediation mechanisms of different plant species. This comprehensive volume is a must-read for researchers interested in plant science, agriculture, soil science and environmental science. The techniques covered in this book will ensure scientists have the knowledge to practice effective bioremediation techniques themselves. Provides a comprehensive review of the latest advances in bioremediation of organic and inorganic pollutants Discusses a range of different phytoremediation techniques Evaluates the role of genomics and bioinformatics within bioremediation

Download or read book Surface Charging and Points of Zero Charge written by Marek Kosmulski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-05-14 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Most Detailed Resource Available on Points of Zero ChargeWith their work growing in complexity, chemists involved with surface phenomena-related projects have outgrown the common resources available to them on points of zero charge (PZC) of oxides. Reporting on a limited number of materials in a limited number of scenarios, these resources ofte

Download or read book Water Quality for Ecosystem and Human Health written by Geneviève M. Carr and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2008 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is intended to provide an overview of the major components of surface and ground water quality and how these relate to ecosystem and human health. Local, regional and global assessments of water quality monitoring data are used to illustrate key features of aquatic environments, and to demonstrate how human activities on the landscape can influence water quality in both positive and negative ways. Clear and concise background knowledge on water quality can serve to support other water assessments.

Download or read book Carbon Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation written by Mattia Bartoli and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon-Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation presents an overview of carbon-based technologies and processes, and examines their usefulness and efficiency for environmental preservation and remediation. Chapters cover topics ranging from pollutants removal to new processes in materials science. Written for interested readers with strong scientific and technological backgrounds, this book will appeal to scientific advisors at private companies, academics, and graduate students.