Download or read book The Role of Presupposition in the Comprehension of Sentences in Context written by Jennifer Langford and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Role of Presupposed and Focal Information in Integrating Sentences written by Frank R. Yekovich and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments explored the linguistic processes that underlie integration of the meaning of one sentence with the meaning of another. The authors propose that the linguistic markings of both a referring anaphor and the antecedent to which it refers are important for comprehension. The integrating process involves identifying a primary antecedent from a context sentence and relating an approxiately marked anaphor from the target sentence back to the antecedent. The primary antecedent is ideally marked as focal (new information) in the context sentence, whereas the anaphor is linguistically presupposed (old information) in the target sentence. Two comprehensive-time experiments tested this idea. Subjects read sentence pairs in which the linguistic markings of a repeated noun phrase varied across the sentences. Context sentences incorporated the noun phrase as either presupposed (P) or focal (F), and the target repetition appeared as either presupposed (P) or focal (F). Comprehension time was fastest for FP combinations, intermediate for FF and PP pairs, and slowest for PF combinations. These results obtained when the proximity of the repeated phrase was controlled (Experiment I) and also when target sentences were in both active and passive voices (Experiment II). This report is intended for psychologists interested in linguistics. (Author).

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Experimental Semantics and Pragmatics written by Chris Cummins and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-19 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is the first to explore the growing field of experimental semantics and pragmatics. In the past 20 years, experimental data has become a major source of evidence for building theories of language meaning and use, encompassing a wide range of topics and methods. Following an introduction from the editors, the chapters in this volume offer an up-to-date account of research in the field spanning 31 different topics, including scalar implicatures, presuppositions, counterfactuals, quantification, metaphor, prosody, and politeness, as well as exploring how and why a particular experimental method is suitable for addressing a given theoretical debate. The volume's forward-looking approach also seeks to actively identify questions and methods that could be fruitfully combined in future experimental research. Written in a clear and accessible style, this handbook will appeal to students and scholars from advanced undergraduate level upwards in a range of fields, including semantics and pragmatics, philosophy of language, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, cognitive science, and neuroscience.

Download or read book The Role of Presuppositions in Creating and Understanding Sentences written by Thomas Taysum Hewett and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Context and Presupposition written by Rob A. van der Sandt and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, which has been written for linguists and philosophers working in the field of semantics, deals with presupposition and its dependence on context.

Download or read book The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory written by Shalom Lappin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 771 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory presents a comprehensive introduction to cutting-edge research in contemporary theoretical and computational semantics. Features completely new content from the first edition of The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory Features contributions by leading semanticists, who introduce core areas of contemporary semantic research, while discussing current research Suitable for graduate students for courses in semantic theory and for advanced researchers as an introduction to current theoretical work

Download or read book The Role of Presupposed and Focal Information in Integrating Sentences written by Frank R. Yekovich and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments explored the linguistic processes that underlie integration of the meaning of one sentence with the meaning of another. The authors propose that the linguistic markings of both a referring anaphor and the antecedent to which it refers are important for comprehension. The integrating process involves identifying a primary antecedent from a context sentence and relating an approxiately marked anaphor from the target sentence back to the antecedent. The primary antecedent is ideally marked as focal (new information) in the context sentence, whereas the anaphor is linguistically presupposed (old information) in the target sentence. Two comprehensive-time experiments tested this idea. Subjects read sentence pairs in which the linguistic markings of a repeated noun phrase varied across the sentences. Context sentences incorporated the noun phrase as either presupposed (P) or focal (F), and the target repetition appeared as either presupposed (P) or focal (F). Comprehension time was fastest for FP combinations, intermediate for FF and PP pairs, and slowest for PF combinations. These results obtained when the proximity of the repeated phrase was controlled (Experiment I) and also when target sentences were in both active and passive voices (Experiment II). This report is intended for psychologists interested in linguistics. (Author).

Download or read book Experimental Perspectives on Presuppositions written by Florian Schwarz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-12 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together some of the most recent developments in the field of experimental pragmatics, specifically empirical approaches to theoretical issues in presupposition theory. It includes studies of the online processing of presupposed content; investigations of the interpretive properties of presuppositions in various linguistic contexts; comparative perspectives relative to other aspects of meaning, such as asserted content and implicatures; cross-linguistic comparisons of presupposition triggers; and perspectives from language acquisition. Taken together, these novel contributions provide a snapshot of state-of-the art developments in this area and will serve as a point of reference for numerous emerging avenues of future work. It makes for an ideal set of readings for advanced university courses on experimental studies of meaning and is a must-read for anyone interested in experimental research on meaning in natural language.

Download or read book Presuppositions and Discourse written by Rainer Bäuerle and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2010 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Undoubtedly, presupposition theory is a major chapter in the success story of dynamic semantics. This book features papers on this topic based on a conference on "Presupposition" convened in Stuttgart in October 2000.

Download or read book Presupposition and Implicature in Compositional Semantics written by U. Sauerland and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-05-10 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All humans can interpret sentences of their native language quickly and without effort. Working from the perspective of generative grammar, the contributors to this volume investigate three mental mechanisms, widely assumed to underlie this ability: compositional semantics, implicature computation and presupposition computation.

Download or read book Presuppositions and Cognitive Processes written by Filippo Domaneschi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book breaks new ground towards an understanding of the mental processes involved in presupposition, the comprehension of information taken for granted. Various psycholinguistic experiments are discussed to support the idea that involved in ordinary language comprehension are complex and demanding cognitive processes. The author demonstrates that these processes exist not only at the explicit level of an utterance but also at a deeper level of computing, where the background information taken for granted as already known and shared between interlocutors is processed. The author shows that experimental research can suggest new theoretical models for presupposition, thus this book will be of interest to researchers and students of psycholinguistics, the philosophy of language and experimental pragmatics.

Download or read book Partitioned Representations written by John Dinsmore and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One: Nuts and Bolts.- 1. Mental Representation.- Symbolism: The Classical Paradigm.- Cracks in the Symbolic Paradigm.- Connectionism: The Other Paradigm.- Methods of Models.- Assessing Theories of Mental Representation.- 2. Partitioned Representations.- General Overview.- The Contents of Spaces.- Parochial Reasoning.- Primary Contexts.- Partitioned Semantics.- Coherence.- Consolidation.- Secondary Contexts.- A Typology of Spaces.- Where Partitioned Representations Get Their Power.- Summary and Conclusions.- 3. Language: Process and Structure.- A Simple Philosophy of Language.- Linguistic Explanation.- The Process of Language Understanding.- Linguistic Evidence for Mental Representations.- 4. Three Levels of Language Processing.- Parochial Processing.- Distribution.- Contextualization.- An Example Discourse.- Conclusions.- Two: Studies in Language.- 5. Pedro's Donkey and Oedipus's Mother.- Some Common Parochial Linguistic Processes.- Some Common Cases of Distribution.- Interaction of Distribution and Parochial Processes.- Summary and Conclusions.- 6. Satisfying Presuppositions in Discourse.- The Problem of Presupposition.- Presupposition and Parochial Processing.- What Happens in Complex Sentences?.- Conclusions.- 7. Space Frogs and Henry Ford.- Linguistic Evidence for Contextualization.- The Semantic Contributions of Space Cues.- Summary.- 8. Temporal Aspect.- Reference Time: Temporal Perspective.- Semantics and Construction.- Reference Time: Contextualization.- The Case of the Present Perfect.- Conclusion.- 9. General Conclusions.- An Assessment of Partitioned Representations.- Prospectus.- The Importance of Partitioned Representations.- Appendices: Formal Models.- 10. A Logic of Partitioned Representations.- The Syntax of PR.- Rules of Inference for PR.- The Semantics of PR.- Soundness.- Conclusions.- 11. Generalized Natural Deduction.- Generalized Natural Deduction.- Time and Action.- Frames.- Summary and Conclusions.- 12. A Computational Model.- The Design of Spaceprobe.- Customizing Digestion.- Restructuring Rules for Distribution.- Handling Queries.- Language Understanding in Spaceprobe.- Summary.- References.- Author Index.

Download or read book Presuppositions in Context written by Athulya Aravind (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is about the acquisition of presupposition. The specific focus is on the interplay between presuppositional content as hardwired in the semantics of particular expressions and the conversational contexts in which utterances containing those expressions may be used. A series of behavioral experiments examine what children in the preschool age range know about the pragmatic principles governing presupposition, and how they come to acquire this knowledge. The dissertation is organized into two thematic halves. The first half investigates the conditions that govern when presupposing something is appropriate, hence allow for the use of a presupposition triggering expression. Specifically, I ask: do young children know the common ground requirement - the formal requirement that presuppositions be previously established common knowledge - and do they know when and how this requirement can be violated? Two sets of experiments, using two presupposition-carrying expressions with importantly divergent properties (too and the), reveal that children, like adults, generate a default expectation that a presuppositional sentence be uttered to a listener who already takes for granted the presupposition. However, they hold onto this expectation even in circumstances where adult speakers do not. Unlike adults, children do not expect that an otherwise 'neutral' listener might accommodate a speaker's informative presupposition. Together, these findings point to a developmental path where the formal requirement - that presuppositions be presuppositions - is acquired before an understanding that the rule can be bent and how. The second half examines the conditions that make marking of presuppositions obligatory, hence require the use of a presupposition triggering expression. Are children sensitive to Maximize Presupposition! (Heim 1991) as a principle governing competition and utterance choice? The ability to deploy Maximize Presupposition! in an adult-like way shows a more protracted developmental trajectory. Moreover, children's ability to rule out presuppositionally weaker sentences seems to vary across competition environments. Taking the non-uniformity in development as signaling non-uniformity in the underlying phenomena, I develop an alternative account for a pair of expressions commonly thought to compete for Maximize Presupposition!: another vs. a. Ultimately, I suggest that Maximize Presupposition! is one of several pragmatic principles that lead to competition and selection of structures imposing the strongest contextual requirement. Children have command of some of these conditions, but not others. The acquisition trajectories are modulated by various factors, including the type of requirement imposed on the context (e.g. that some proposition is salient vs. accepted common belief) and the types of knowledge that are pre-requisites (e.g. knowledge of idiosyncratic properties of the lexicon).

Download or read book Presuppositions in Context written by Athulya Aravind and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is about the acquisition of presupposition. The specific focus is on the interplay between presuppositional content as hardwired in the semantics of particular expressions and the conversational contexts in which utterances containing those expressions may be used. A series of behavioral experiments examine what children in the preschool age range know about the pragmatic principles governing presupposition, and how they come to acquire this knowledge. The dissertation is organized into two thematic halves. The first half investigates the conditions that govern when presupposing something is appropriate, hence allow for the use of a presupposition triggering expression. Specifically, I ask: do young children know the common ground requirement - the formal requirement that presuppositions be previously established common knowledge - and do they know when and how this requirement can be violated? Two sets of experiments, using two presupposition-carrying expressions with importantly divergent properties (too and the), reveal that children, like adults, generate a default expectation that a presuppositional sentence be uttered to a listener who already takes for granted the presupposition. However, they hold onto this expectation even in circumstances where adult speakers do not. Unlike adults, children do not expect that an otherwise 'neutral' listener might accommodate a speaker's informative presupposition. Together, these findings point to a developmental path where the formal requirement - that presuppositions be presuppositions - is acquired before an understanding that the rule can be bent and how. The second half examines the conditions that make marking of presuppositions obligatory, hence require the use of a presupposition triggering expression. Are children sensitive to Maximize Presupposition! (Heim 1991) as a principle governing competition and utterance choice? The ability to deploy Maximize Presupposition! in an adult-like way shows a more protracted developmental trajectory. Moreover, children's ability to rule out presuppositionally weaker sentences seems to vary across competition environments. Taking the non-uniformity in development as signaling non-uniformity in the underlying phenomena, I develop an alternative account for a pair of expressions commonly thought to compete for Maximize Presupposition!: another vs. a. Ultimately, I suggest that Maximize Presupposition! is one of several pragmatic principles that lead to competition and selection of structures imposing the strongest contextual requirement. Children have command of some of these conditions, but not others. The acquisition trajectories are modulated by various factors, including the type of requirement imposed on the context (e.g. that some proposition is salient vs. accepted common belief) and the types of knowledge that are pre-requisites (e.g. knowledge of idiosyncratic properties of the lexicon).

Download or read book The Role of Negation in Determining Presuppositions and Implications of Truth written by Julie Ann Eisele and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Language and Comprehension written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-06-05 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language and Comprehension

Download or read book The Role of Comprehension in Remembering Sentences written by J. Richard Barclay and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: