Download or read book The Role of Pheromones in the Sexual Communication of the Wolf Spider Schizocosa Ocreata Araneae Lycosidae written by Ryan D. Bell and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We further examined the role olfaction plays in male detection and location of females, and while we found no evidence that males are utilizing olfaction to find mates, we did observe behavioral changes to conspecifics of both sexes, and a reduction of activity in the presence of volatile cues from a predator. At levels of competitor cues that males are expected to encounter in nature, we found no evidence that male-male inhibition occurs in this species. In examining male response to substrate bound cues, we found that males are able to discern female trails, and will preferentially follow them, although they are not able to determine the direction the trail was laid. We also utilized a custom built silk collection device to obtain sufficient quantities of clean silk for extraction and preliminary chemical analysis. Following solvent extraction of cues from the silk, we were able to reestablish searching behavior in response to the extract from female silk, but it did not elicit courtship display, suggesting a multicomponent chemical signal involved in sexual signaling in this species.
Download or read book Cognitive Cross modal Integration in a Wolf Spider Schizocosa Ocreata Hentz Lycosidae written by Elizabeth C. Kozak and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across animal species, males convey important information to potential mates through signals in multiple sensory modalities. In order to choose the best possible mate, female receivers must accurately perceive and assess male multimodal signals, especially when those signals occur simultaneously with those of other males. Cross-modal integration, i.e., cognitive binding of information transmitted in more than one sensory signal mode, is therefore important in animal communication, especially in complex, noisy environments in which many signals overlap. However, it is currently unknown how perception of multiple, disparate male signals plays a role in female mate choice decisions, especially for invertebrates. Males of the brush-legged wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz) use multimodal communication (visual and vibratory signals) in courtship. Because female S. ocreata may be courted by multiple males at the same time, they must evaluate co-occurring male signals originating from separate locations. Moreover, due to environmental complexity, individual components of male signals may be occluded, altering detection of sensory modes by females. While experiments with live spiders and video playback have shown that female Schizocosa ocreata wolf spiders display receptivity to males courting in either isolated signal mode and show increased receptivity for multimodal courtship, it is unknown whether this is the case when females are presented with a choice between multimodal vs. isolated unimodal male courtship signals, and how these preferences are affected by disparity between signals. I first used digital multimodal playback to present females with a choice between 1) isolated unimodal (visuaI or vibratory), 2) multimodal vs. vibratory, and 3) multimodal vs. visual male courtship signals. I next used digital multimodal playback to investigate the effect of spatial and temporal disparity of visual and vibratory components of male courtship signals on female mate choice, and presented females with male courtship signals consisting of components that varied in spatial location or temporal synchrony. When presented with a choice between either isolated unimodal male courtship signal (visual or vibratory), there was no significant difference in the average number of receptive displays directed to either male signal. When presented with a choice between a multimodal male courtship signal and a vibratory male courtship signal, females directed, on average, significantly more receptive displays to the multimodal signal. However, when presented with a choice between multimodal and visual-only male courtship signals, there was no significant difference in receptivity directed by females to either signal, in contrast with the prediction generated from previous research. Females responded to spatially disparate signal components separated by e"90° as though they were separate sources, but responded to slightly disparate signals separated by d"45° as though they originated from a single source. Responses were seen as evidence for cross-modal integration. Temporal disparity (synchrony) in signal modes also affected female receptivity. Females responded more to male signals when visual and vibratory modes were in synchrony than either out-of-synch or interleaved/alternated. These findings are consistent with those seen in both humans and other vertebrates, and provide insight into how animals overcome communication challenges inherent in a complex environment.
Download or read book Seismic Communication in a Wolf Spider written by Jeremy S. Gibson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I investigated the importance of the seismic component, substratum-borne vibrations, of the multimodal courtship display in the wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz) (Araneae: Lycosidae). It is currently known that the visual signaling component of male multimodal courtship displays conveys condition-dependent information, and that females can use this signal alone in mate choice decisions. I found that isolated seismic signals are also used in mate choice, as females preferred males that were louder, higher pitched and with shorter signaling pulses. Results also showed that male seismic signals are dependent on current condition and may convey information about male size and body condition. Seismic signals and visual signals are likely redundant, although some aspects of seismic signals may convey different information, supporting both the redundant and multiple messages hypotheses.
Download or read book Sex Pheromones in Wolf Spiders Araneae Lycosidae written by Margaret A. Meeker and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dehydration Stress in the Wolf Spider Schizocosa Ocreata araneae Lycosidae written by Samantha Kelly Herrmann and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Altogether, these studies greatly expand our understanding of dehydration stress response, and stress in general, in an important behavioral model system. This work has significant implications for the design of a wide array of behavioral experiments from predator avoidance, to courtship and mate seeking in an environmentally variable and structurally complex deciduous forest habitat.
Download or read book Prey Abundance Regulates Densities of the Wolf Spider Schizocosa Ocreata Hentz Aranea Lycosidae by Influencing Rates of Emigration and Cannibalism written by James Douglas Wagner and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spider Communication written by Peter N. Witt and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concentrating on the complex spider communication system, this book assembles the most recent multidisciplinary advances of leading researchers from many countries to assess the peculiar role spiders play in the animal kingdom. Originally published in 1982. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book Mating Behavior and Mate Preference in Schizocosa Ocreata Wolf Spiders written by Stephanie S. Norton and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Size, but different tuft sizes) simultaneously in a choice chamber once/day over 4 days. The repeatability of female preference varied with the nature of the choice. Female preference for larger tufts was significant and repeatable (r = 0.65) when choosing between an average male and one with reduced tufts, but not when choosing between an average male and one with enlarged tufts. This may be an indication of a threshold trait. To examine variation in receptivity with age post-adulthood, I studied responses of females to a courting male video. Receptivity varied significantly with age post-adulthood: females were more aggressive and less receptive to video images of courting males in the first week, became significantly more receptive after 3 weeks, and less thereafter. Correlated changes in aggressive and receptivity behavior may suggest a physiological linkage. These studies demonstrate the importance of female focused dies of sexual selection, indicating that the female predominantly controls the mating system of S. ocreata wolf spiders.
Download or read book Habitat and Courtship Behavior of the Wolf Spider Schizocosa Retrorsa Araneae Lycosidae written by Eileen A. Hebets and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Evolution of Sexual Dimorphism in Wolf Spiders Araneae Lycosidae written by Sean E. Walker and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Communication in the Contexts of Courtship and Aggression in Two Ethospecies of Wolf Spider Araneae Lycosidae written by Kevin J. Delaney and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Evolution of Courtship Display in Schizocosa Wolf Spiders Araneae Lycosidae written by William James McClintock and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Eyes of the Wolf Spider Schizocosa Ocreata written by Nancy Myers Heiss and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pheromones and Reproduction in Mammals written by John Vandenbergh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pheromones and Reproduction in Mammals reviews current research findings on the role of pheromones in mammalian reproduction. Drawing on both quantitative laboratory studies and selected observational field studies, the book explores how animals actively deploy scent to facilitate sexual interactions and the functions of those scent signals during these interactions. Organized into two sections encompassing nine chapters, this volume begins with an overview of chemical signals and how they influence reproductive behavior in a variety of mammalian species. It then discusses the nature of chemical signals and olfactory perception; the role of chemical communication in mother-young interactions and in the reproduction of primates; how pheromones regulate puberty and the ovarian cycle; and pregnancy blocking by pheromones. The reader is also introduced to hormonal responses to primer pheromones; sensory physiology of pheromone communication; and the role of pheromones in the reproduction of domestic animals such as cattle, swine, sheep, and goats. Biologists and students of biology will find this book extremely informative.
Download or read book Coercive Male Mating Behavior in the Brush legged Wolf Spider Schizocosa Ocreata Hentz written by Julianna L. Johns and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coercive (forced) mating has evolved in many animal species because it likely increases male fitness. Coercive male mating behavior is uncommon in spiders, as females are larger and potentially cannibalistic. In Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz) wolf spiders, females usually respond to male courtship with receptivity, although males sometimes force unreceptive females to copulate. Multivariate analysis of mating trials revealed distinct behavior patterns (e.g., aggressive male behavior; female resistance) allowing designation as coercive vs. cooperative. Males were also observed to use fangs during coercive mating, resulting in hemolymph loss and scarring in females (not seen in unmated females, and less frequent in other matings). Experimental immobilization of male fangs resulted in no significant difference in mating success, but reduced copulation duration compared to controls. The frequency of coercion in this species (11.7% of matings) suggests a possible alternative male behavioral tactic in response to female resistance.
Download or read book The Impact of Avian Predation on the Brush legged Wolf Spider Schizocosa Ocreata Hentz and Anti predator Responses to Avian Cues written by Anne K. Lohrey and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research aimed to quantify the potential for avian predation on Schizocosa ocreata wolf spiders in the field and its impact on spider behavior. In a field study, enclosures that excluded birds had a higher proportion of spiders remaining at the end of the experiment than enclosures that allowed birds access. Additionally, observational data confirmed that some bird species seen active at the study site eat spiders presented in feeding trials. These data suggest that bird predation impacts survival of S. ocreata in the field. In the laboratory, I tested spiders' recognition of and behavioral responses to sensory cues indicating the presence of avian predators. Courting male S. ocreata responded to avian acoustic stimuli (bird calls) with anti-predator behavior, which supports the hypothesis that bird predation limits survival of S. ocreata and may be an important selective factor on the evolution of behavior in this species of wolf spider.
Download or read book Animal Behaviour Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
