Download or read book The Role of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in Hepatitis C Virus Infection written by Ian Alston Cooper Rowe and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of global morbidity, causing chronic liver injury that can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver is a large and complex organ containing multiple cell types, including hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), stellate cells, Kupffer cells and biliary epithelial cells. Hepatocytes are the major reservoir supporting HCV replication, however, the role of non--parenchymal cells in the viral lifecycle remain largely unexplored. Endothelial cell hepatocyte co--cultures were established to study the role of LSEC in HCV biology. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF--A) regulated transcripts were profiled by microarray to identify factors modulating HCV replication. The initial studies indicated that rather than transmitting HCV to permissive hepatocytes LSEC were protective in HCV infection. Co--culture of epithelial and endothelial cell showed that LSEC limit hepatocyte permissivity to HCV infection via cell contact--dependent mechanisms and by the expression of soluble mediator(s) that are regulated by VEGF--A. Transcript analysis identified LSEC expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a novel proviral molecule that is negatively regulated by VEGF--A via a VEGF receptor--2 (VEGFR--2) MAPK dependent pathway. Consistent with the in vitro data I observed increased BMP4 expression and reduced VEGFR--2 activation in inflamed liver tissue. These studies show a novel role for LSEC and BMP4 in HCV infection and highlight BMP4 as a new therapeutic target for treating liver disease.

Download or read book Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Induces Dysfunction of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell by Down regulation of Silent Information Regulator 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Roles of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in Liver Homeostasis and Disease written by Patricia Lalor and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-30 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Liver written by Irwin M. Arias and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between basic scientific advances and the understanding of liver disease — the extensively revised new edition of the premier text in the field. The latest edition of The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology remains a definitive volume in the field of hepatology, relating advances in biomedical sciences and engineering to understanding of liver structure, function, and disease pathology and treatment. Contributions from leading researchers examine the cell biology of the liver, the pathobiology of liver disease, the liver’s growth, regeneration, metabolic functions, and more. Now in its sixth edition, this classic text has been exhaustively revised to reflect new discoveries in biology and their influence on diagnosing, managing, and preventing liver disease. Seventy new chapters — including substantial original sections on liver cancer and groundbreaking advances that will have significant impact on hepatology — provide comprehensive, fully up-to-date coverage of both the current state and future direction of hepatology. Topics include liver RNA structure and function, gene editing, single-cell and single-molecule genomic analyses, the molecular biology of hepatitis, drug interactions and engineered drug design, and liver disease mechanisms and therapies. Edited by globally-recognized experts in the field, this authoritative volume: Relates molecular physiology to understanding disease pathology and treatment Links the science and pathology of the liver to practical clinical applications Features 16 new “Horizons” chapters that explore new and emerging science and technology Includes plentiful full-color illustrations and figures The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, Sixth Edition is an indispensable resource for practicing and trainee hepatologists, gastroenterologists, hepatobiliary and liver transplant surgeons, and researchers and scientists in areas including hepatology, cell and molecular biology, virology, and drug metabolism.

Download or read book The Role of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in Liver Malady Homeostasis written by Fatima Cabral and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current literature described techniques for the purification of liver cell types through text alone. The techniques described for the isolation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells as well as hepatocytes described here are modified from a published article in the Journal of Visualized experiments. The video protocol allows for the user to successfully isolate cells as the most difficult parts of the procedure are demonstrated visually. The detection of liver maladies such as the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the stage if this disease and differentiation between non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease is demonstrated in the development of a unique panel of protein kinase chemosensors. These have been previously developed to fingerprint mitogen activated protein kinase profiles. The liver has a unique subset of endothelial cells, as they are the only endothelial cell subtype that does not contain a basement membrane. This allows for ease of passage of blood-borne lipids and proteins into the parenchymal cells of the liver for metabolism and secretion. The liver sinusoidal cells also contain a host of receptor proteins including Stabilin-1 and Stabilin-2. Here we provide evidence that the Stabilin protein receptors provide a significant role in the rapid clearance of lipopolysaccharides from the blood. This is provided in blood clearance assays, as well as endocytosis assays in isolated liver sinusoidal endothelial cells derived from Stabilin knock out mice.

Download or read book Liver Immunology written by M. Eric Gershwin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver Immunology: Principles and Practice, Second Edition begins with important information about the epidemiology and mortality of liver disease worldwide. This information is followed by chapters related to basic immunology, application of liver immunology for diagnosis, and several excellent chapters that provide a solid foundation for understanding immune-mediated liver disease, including those associated with the biliary tree. A chapter on non-hepatic manifestations of immune mediated liver disease helps provide context for how these diseases affect the patient overall. In addition, chapters discuss various discrete immunologically-mediated infectious liver disorders including those related to bacteria, parasites, and all of the classic viruses. Chapters on the traditional autoimmune liver diseases -- primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis as well as overlap syndrome – are also included. The breadth of this comprehensive second edition is highlighted by chapters on alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and drug-induced liver disease, among others. This invaluable new edition ends with a forward-looking view of future directions and how the field might meet the challenge of refractory patients. Developed by a renowned group of authors, Liver Immunology: Principles and Practice, Second Edition will again serve as a comprehensive textbook by providing an excellent overview for this rapidly evolving field. It greatly adds to the understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases, while also providing novel insights that can be harnessed into helping improve the care of patients afflicted with various immune-mediated diseases. This volume will again be a must-read for clinicians at all levels, investigators and students.

Download or read book The Bystander Effect in Hepatitis C Virus Infection written by Kate Rebecca Muller and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide that often results in progressive liver disease in the form of fibrosis, cirrhosis and in some cases, hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms responsible for progression to advanced liver disease are poorly understood, but this primarily occurs as a result of chronic hepatic inflammation. Despite universal involvement of the liver in this inflammatory and fibrogenic process, only a small percentage of hepatocytes are infected. We therefore hypothesised that the pathological effect of the virus is extended beyond the infected hepatocyte to uninfected 'bystander' cells by cellular interactions between these cells. To study this hypothesis, we developed in vitro cell culture model systems to observe the interactions between HCV-infected and uninfected Huh-7 cells and stellate cells. HCV permissive Huh-7 cells are relatively unresponsive to virus infection with regard to the innate immune response. This is due to a lack of expression of the pattern recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), which is known to play an important role in the innate immune response to HCV infection. To restore the response of infected Huh-7 cells to HCV we generated a Huh-7 cell line stably expressing functional TLR3. We subsequently demonstrated by microarray analysis upregulation of TLR3 response genes such as chemokines and classical interferon response genes (ISGs) in response to HCV infection of these cells. To prevent HCV infection of Huh-7 'bystander' cells we also generated a line refractory to HCV infection by shRNA knockdown of the essential HCV entry receptor CD81. This cell line was also tagged with GFP to allow for FACS sorting of uninfected cells in co-culture. We subsequently employed these cell lines in conditioned media and co-culture model systems to examine the cell interactions mediated by soluble factors and cell-to-cell contact at the level of the transcriptome using Affymetrix microarray analysis. Although the effect of HCV-infected hepatocytes on uninfected 'bystander' hepatocytes was not dramatic, preliminary data suggested that suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3), a known inhibitor of endogenous interferon signalling pathways, is upregulated in uninfected Huh-7 cells co-cultured with HCV-infected TLR3-positive Huh-7 cells. Furthermore we also demonstrated that HCV-infected cells exert an antiviral effect on other infected cells, possibly via exosome-mediated signalling, and can increase expression of pro-fibrogenic markers in hepatic stellate cells. We also showed that TLR3-positive uninfected Huh-7 cells enhance chemokine expression in HCV-infected hepatocytes. In summary, we have generated stable cell lines that can be employed in an in vitro cell culture model system to study the interactions between HCV-infected hepatocytes and other resident liver cells such as uninfected hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. We have demonstrated bidirectional cross-talk between cell types, and the observed exerted effects are likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease in HCV infection by recruiting uninfected cells into the pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic response to HCV infection. The knowledge gained from this work contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying progression of liver disease in HCV infection.

Download or read book An Investigation Into the Role of Sinusoidal Endothelium and Liver derived Dendritic Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C written by Vincent Wai Kwan Lai and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Liver Disease in Children written by Frederick J. Suchy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 875 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver disease in children is increasing in prevalence, placing a huge burden on healthcare systems and often requiring long-term management. Offering an integrative approach to the science and clinical practice of pediatric hepatology, this is the definitive reference text for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies. In the new edition of this authoritative text, chapters have been thoroughly revised in line with major advances in the field, such as recognizing the increased frequency of fatty liver disease, and how genetic testing has the potential to establish earlier diagnoses for a variety of diseases. Disorders covered include cholestasis, metabolic disorders and hepatitis, with their presentation across the spectrum of infancy, childhood and adolescence discussed. The indications and surgical aspects of liver transplant are explained and post-transplant care is described in detail. This is a valuable resource for pediatricians, hepatologists, gastroenterologists and all clinicians involved in the care of children with liver diseases.

Download or read book ALERT Adverse Late Effects of Cancer Treatment written by Philip Rubin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The literature on the late effects of cancer treatment is widely scattered in different journals since all major organ systems are affected and management is based on a variety of medical and surgical treatments. The aim of "ALERT – Adverse Late Effects of Cancer Treatment" is to offer a coherent multidisciplinary approach to the care of cancer survivors. Volume 2 of this two-volume work comprehensively documents potential late effects in all the normal tissue anatomic sites in the human body. The detection, diagnosis, management and prevention of effects are all considered in detail, and prognostic outcomes are discussed. Radiation risk factors and interactions with chemotherapy effects are clearly presented. The text is accompanied by numerous supportive illustrations and tables. It is anticipated that this textbook will become the gold standard in providing information on the late effects of cancer treatment and that, in its digitized form, it will be referenced in cancer survivorship guidelines.

Download or read book Liver Myofibroblasts written by Jiri Kanta and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-10-25 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Myofibroblasts (MFB) are found in most tissues of the body. They have the matrix-producing functions of fibroblasts and contractile properties that are known from smooth muscle cells. Fundamental work of the last decades has shed remarkable light on their origin, biological functions and role in disease. During hepatic injury, they fulfill manifold functions in connective tissue remodeling and wound healing, but overshooting activity of MFB on the other side induces fibrosis and cirrhosis. The present e-book "Liver myofibroblasts" contains 9 articles providing comprehensive information on "hot topics" of MFB. In our opening editorial we provide a short overview of the origin of MFB and their relevance in extracellular matrix formation which is the hallmark of hepatic fibrosis. Thereafter, leading experts in the field share their current perspectives on special topics of (i) MFB in development and disease, ii) their role in hepatic fibrogenesis, and (iii) promising therapies and targets that are suitable to interfere with hepatic fibrosis.

Download or read book Textbook of Hepatology written by Juan Rodés and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 2360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE encyclopedic guide to hepatology – for consultation by clinicians and basic scientists Previously the Oxford Textbook of Clinical Hepatology, this two-volume textbook is now with Blackwell Publishing. It covers basic, clinical and translational science (converting basic science discoveries into the practical applications to benefit people). Edited by ten leading experts in the liver and biliary tract and their diseases, along with outstanding contributions from over 200 international clinicians, this text has global references, evidence and extensive subject matter – giving you the best science and clinical practice discussed by the best authors. It includes unique sections on: Symptoms and signs in liver disease Industrial diseases affecting the liver The effects of diseases of other systems on the liver The effects of liver diseases on other systems It's bigger and more extensive than other books and discusses new areas in more depth such as stem cells, genetics, genomics, proteomics, transplantation, mathematics and much more. Plus, it comes with a fully searchable CD ROM of the entire content. Click here to view a sample chapter on the liver and coagulation

Download or read book Cooperation of Liver Cells in Health and Disease written by Z. Kmiec and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is only during the last decade that the functions of sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, pit cells and other intrahepatic lymphocytes have been better understood. The development of methods for isolation and co-culturing various types of liver cells has established that they communicate and cooperate via secretion of various intercellular mediators. This monograph summarizes multiple data that suggest the important role of cellular cross-talk for the functions of both normal and diseased liver. Special features of the book include concise presentation of the majority of detailed data in 19 tables. Original schemes allow for the clear illustration of complicated intercellular relationships. This is the first ever presentation of the newly emerging field of liver biology, which is important for hepatic function in health and disease and opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions.

Download or read book Drug Induced Liver Injury written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-07-13 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Volume 85, the newest volume in the Advances in Pharmacology series, presents a variety of chapters from the best authors in the field. Chapters in this new release include Cell death mechanisms in DILI, Mitochondria in DILI, Primary hepatocytes and their cultures for the testing of drug-induced liver injury, MetaHeps an alternate approach to identify IDILI, Autophagy and DILI, Biomarkers and DILI, Regeneration and DILI, Drug-induced liver injury in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Mechanisms of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury, the Evaluation and Treatment of Acetaminophen Toxicity, and much more. Includes the authority and expertise of leading contributors in pharmacology Presents the latest release in the Advances in Pharmacology series

Download or read book Canine and Feline Gastroenterology E Book written by Robert J. Washabau and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-09-02 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference standard for the discipline, Canine and Feline Gastroenterology covers the biology, pathobiology, and diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary systems. An international team of experts, including 85 authors from 17 different countries, led by Robert Washabau and Michael Day, covers everything from minor problems such as adverse food reactions to debilitating inflammatory, infectious, metabolic, and neoplastic diseases of the digestive system. This authoritative text utilizes an evidence-based approach to reflect the latest science and research, complemented by principles of problem solving, algorithms to improve clinical diagnoses, and extensive full-color illustrations. For generalists and specialists alike, this gastroenterology reference should be part of every serious practitioner's professional library. A comprehensive, 928-page reference standard covers the discipline of canine and feline gastroenterology. An international focus is provided by 85 authors from 17 different countries, including renowned experts in veterinary gastroenterology, internal medicine, pathology, clinical pathology, radiology, and infectious disease. Coverage of the entire breadth and depth of gastroenterology ranges from biology to pathobiology, as well as diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary systems. Current information on GI microflora, immunology, cellular growth, and systems integration provides a foundation for treating clinical problems. Coverage of diseases in dogs and cats includes the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, colon, anorectum, liver and biliary tract, exocrine pancreas, peritoneum, and associated vasculature. A focus on patient management examines the full range of procedures and techniques essential to diagnosis and treatment from clinical signs and diagnosis to nutritional support and pharmacologic management of disease. Clear explanations of current diagnostic modalities include laboratory tests, molecular methods, diagnostic imaging, endoscopy, and histopathology, also showing how to interpret and utilize results. A strong clinical approach emphasizes need-to-know information for managing the common and not-so-common G.I. clinical problems of everyday practice. Full-color photographs and illustrations depict concepts, conditions, and procedures. An evidence-based medicine perspective reflects the latest research as well as the modern practice of veterinary medicine. Logical, coherent, and consistent internal organization makes this a reader-friendly edition. Problem-based algorithms help in diagnosing every G.I. clinical problem from A to Z. A stand-alone section on the pharmacologic approach to G.I. disease offers quick and easy drug reference.

Download or read book Biology of Myelomonocytic Cells written by Anirban Ghosh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-05-10 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Myelomonocytes are the multipotent cells in the stage of blood cell differentiation, which mainly comprise blood monocytes, tissue macrophages and subset of dendritic cells. Actually, their position and ability of judgement of the health of tissue or organ environment are the key initiators of tissue-specific immune response in a local and global fashion. Interestingly, the morpho-functional aspects of this group of cells vary to a wide range with their positional diversity. Their ability to communicate or represent the tissue microenvironment to the peripheral immune system and efficiency to engage the system to effector activation hold the key for a successful immune endeavour. The present volume shows some glimpses of such an extensive area of current immunology research.

Download or read book Innovative Medicine written by Kazuwa Nakao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, yet the field seems to struggle to find a way to move forward. To create innovative medical technology, many steps need to be taken: development and analysis of optimal animal models of human diseases, elucidation of genomic and epidemiological data, and establishment of “proof of concept”. There is also considerable demand for progress in drug research, new surgical procedures, and new clinical devices and equipment. While the original research target may be rare diseases, it is also important to apply those findings more broadly to common diseases. The book covers a wide range of topics and is organized into three complementary parts. The first part is basic research for innovative medicine, the second is translational research for innovative medicine, and the third is new technology for innovative medicine. This book helps to understand innovative medicine and to make progress in its realization.