Download or read book The Role of Hydrous Minerals in Determining Trace Element and Isotope Geochemistry at Subduction Zones written by Maureen Diana Feineman and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analytical Techniques for Trace Elements in Geochemical Exploration written by Raghaw Saran and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-12-07 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace element analysis plays a prominent role in various fields, from mineralogy and geology to semiconductor manufacture and foods. In geochemical exploration, the analysis of trace elements assumes high significance due to the multifaceted role played by them. The analyte is at the detection limit of many instrumental techniques. This makes their determination difficult This book covers a wide spectrum of destructive and non-destructive analytical techniques and recent developments in them used all over the world, including developing countries, for quantitation of trace elements. With revolutionary progress in the last three to four decades in analytical techniques, several ICP-based techniques like ICP-OES and ICP-MS and other nuclear analytical techniques have enabled determination of trace elements at the ppb level. However, these methods require expensive instrumentation and cannot be made available everywhere. The quality of analytical data is dependent on valid reference standards. The book contains detailed sample preparation in varying matrices and an important chapter on statistical treatment of analytical data for the purpose of quality control and quality assurance. Pulling together, the book, containing the work carried out by the author’s group in India, will be useful to analysts involved in geochemical explorations.
Download or read book Hf Nd Isotope and Trace Element Geochemistry of Globally Subducting Sediments written by Julie Prytulak and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petrochronology written by Matthew J. Kohn and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petrochronology is a rapidly emerging branch of Earth science that links time (ages or rates) with specific rock-forming processes and their physical conditions. It is founded in petrology and geochemistry, which define a petrogenetic context or delimit a specific process, to which chronometric data are then linked. This combination informs Earth’s petrogenetic processes better than petrology or geochronology alone. This volume and the accompanying short courses address three broad categories of inquiry. Conceptual approaches chapters include petrologic modeling of multi-component chemical and mineralogic systems, and development of methods that include diffusive alteration of mineral chemistry. Methods chapters address four main analytical techniques, specifically EPMA, LA-ICP-MS, SIMS and TIMS. Mineral-specific chapters explore applications to a wide range of minerals, including zircon (metamorphic, igneous, and detrital/Hadean), baddeleyite, REE minerals (monazite, allanite, xenotime and apatite), titanite, rutile, garnet, and major igneous minerals (olivine, plagioclase and pyroxenes). These applications mainly focus on metamorphic, igneous, or tectonic processes, but additionally elucidate fundamental transdisciplinary progress in addressing mechanisms of crystal growth, the chemical consequences of mineral growth kinetics, and how chemical transport and deformation affect chemically complex mineral composites. Most chapters further recommend areas of future research.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using Geochemical Data written by Hugh Rollinson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is a complete rewrite, and expansion of Hugh Rollinson's highly successful 1993 book Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Rollinson and Pease's new book covers the explosion in geochemical thinking over the past three decades, as new instruments and techniques have come online. It provides a comprehensive overview of how modern geochemical data are used in the understanding of geological and petrological processes. It covers major element, trace element, and radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry. It explains the potential of many geochemical techniques, provides examples of their application, and emphasizes how to interpret the resulting data. Additional topics covered include the critical statistical analysis of geochemical data, current geochemical techniques, effective display of geochemical data, and the application of data in problem solving and identifying petrogenetic processes within a geological context. It will be invaluable for all graduate students, researchers, and professionals using geochemical techniques.
Download or read book Subduction Zone Magmatism written by Yashiyuki Tatsumi and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1995-06-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subduction zones are major sites of volcanism on the Earth. As one crustal plate sinks or is pushed beneath another, hot magma is produced and the resultant magma flux is fundamental to both the thermal evolution and chemical differentiation of the mantle and the Earth itself. To understand these evolutionary processes, we need to understand the physical and chemical consequences of all aspects of the subduction process. In this book, the authors present a simple, current and comprehensive model that explains the dominant geological processes at work in subduction zones. Structuring the book around the model, the authors describe the physical characteristics and geochemical dynamics of subduction zones, arc magma generation, and the dynamics and flow in the mantle. Students and researchers alike will find this book of immense value in understanding this most complex of subjects.
Download or read book Testing the Correlation of Trace Element Characteristics with the Petrology and Temperature of Eruption of Mid Miocene Rhyolites in Eastern Oregon written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lake Owyhee Volcanic Field (LOVF) in eastern Oregon experienced several major eruptive events during the mid-Miocene (16.8 to 15.5 Ma), resulting in the emplacement of 3,900 km3 of rhyolitic lava flows and ash-flow tuffs. Eighteen samples from eleven different silicic centers in the LOVF were selected for this study. While all samples of this study are classified as rhyolite, their compositions vary greatly in terms of trace and major elements. Using trace elements, these rhyolite samples are classified as "A-type", described as resulting from "hot and dry" magmas and associated with hot-spot activity, or as "I-type" or "calc-alkaline", described as rhyolites from "cool and wet" magmas and associated with subduction zones. Seven samples from four units (Buchanan, Circle Bar, Unity, and Dam rhyolites) are classified as I-type, eight samples from five units (Dinner Creek Tuff, Littlefield, Jump Creek, Mahogany Mountain, and Three Fingers rhyolites) are classified as A-type, and three samples from two units (Cottonwood and Dooley Mountain rhyolites) are classified as "borderline", plotting between A- and I-type. Mineral assemblages were determined for each sample. Temperatures were estimated using geothermometers specific to the mineral assemblages that were recorded for each sample. The temperatures estimated for the A-type rhyolites in this study are consistent with published A-type rhyolite temperatures, such as those found in the Snake River Plain. The I-type rhyolites are slightly more complicated. When excluding the geothermometers that appear greatly influenced by composition, the I-type rhyolites align with published values, such as calc-alkaline rhyolites found at South Sister in Oregon and Okareka center in New Zealand. The appearance of hydrous minerals, biotite and/or amphibole, in several of these I-type rhyolites correlates with much lower average temperatures than samples that do not contain these phases. Similarly, the I-type samples that contain pyroxene tend to yield much higher average temperatures than other I-type rhyolites.
Download or read book The Role of Halogens in Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Geochemical Processes written by Daniel E. Harlov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-30 with total page 1029 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes the knowledge and experiences concerning the role of halogens during various geochemical processes, such as diagenesis, ore-formation, magma evolution, metasomatism, mineralization, and metamorphism in the crust and mantle of the Earth. It comprises the role of halogens in other terrestrial worlds like volatile-rich asteroids, Mars, and the ice moons of Jupiter and Saturn. Review chapters outline and expand upon the basis of our current understanding regarding how halogens contribute to the geochemical/geophysical evolution and stability of terrestrial worlds overall.
Download or read book Isotope Geochemistry written by Heinrich D Holland and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-09-27 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the discovery that elements were commonly composed of isotopes, there developed a range of studies of the variability of isotopic compositions in Earth materials, which was able to add to our understanding of Earth processes and history. This collection of chapters from the Treatise on Geochemistry describes the range of isotopic studies. The chapters are grouped into the following categories: light stable isotopes, radiogenic tracers, noble gases and radioactive tracers. The first three groups depend on mass spectrometric measurements. The section on radioactive tracers employs both radioactive counting techniques and the newly developed accelerator mass spectrometric techniques. Comprehensive, interdisciplinary and authoritative content selected by leading subject experts Robust illustrations, figures and tables Affordably priced sampling of content from the full Treatise on Geochemistry
Download or read book Water in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals written by Hans Keppler and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 62 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry reviews the recent research in the geochemistry and mineral physics of hydrogen in the principal mineral phases of the Earth's crust and mantle. Contents: Analytical Methods for Measuring Water in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals The Structure of Hydrous Species in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals: Information from Polarized IR Spectroscopy Structural Studies of OH in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals Using NMR Atomistic Models of OH Defects in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals Hydrogen in High Pressure Silicate and Oxide Mineral Structures Water in Nominally Anhydrous Crustal Minerals: Speciation, Concentration, and Geologic Significance Water in Natural Mantle Minerals I: Pyroxenes Water in Natural Mantle Minerals II: Olivine, Garnet and Accessory Minerals Thermodynamics of Water Solubility and Partitioning The Partitioning of Water Between Nominally Anhydrous Minerals and Silicate Melts The Stability of Hydrous Mantle Phases Hydrous Phases and Water Transport in the Subducting Slab Diffusion of Hydrogen in Minerals Effect of Water on the Equation of State of Nominally Anhydrous Minerals Remote Sensing of Hydrogen in Earth's Mantle
Download or read book Lithium Isotopes written by Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium isotopes are a relatively novel tracer of present and past silicate weathering processes. Given that silicate weathering is the primary long-term method by which CO2 is removed from the atmosphere, Li isotope research is going through an exciting phase. We show the weathering processes that fractionate dissolved and sedimentary Li isotope ratios, focusing on weathering intensity and clay formation. We then discuss the carbonate and silicate archive potential of past seawater δ7Li. These archives have been used to examine Li isotope changes across both short and long timescales. The former can demonstrate the rates at which the climate is stabilised from perturbations via weathering, a fundamental piece of the puzzle of the long-term carbon cycle.
Download or read book Geochemistry written by William M. White and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-22 with total page 1218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of geochemistry. The book first lays out the ‘geochemical toolbox’: the basic principles and techniques of modern geochemistry, beginning with a review of thermodynamics and kinetics as they apply to the Earth and its environs. These basic concepts are then applied to understanding processes in aqueous systems and the behavior of trace elements in magmatic systems. Subsequent chapters introduce radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry and illustrate their application to such diverse topics as determining geologic time, ancient climates, and the diets of prehistoric peoples. The focus then broadens to the formation of the solar system, the Earth, and the elements themselves. Then the composition of the Earth itself becomes the topic, examining the composition of the core, the mantle, and the crust and exploring how this structure originated. A final chapter covers organic chemistry, including the origin of fossil fuels and the carbon cycle’s role in controlling Earth’s climate, both in the geologic past and the rapidly changing present. Geochemistry is essential reading for all earth science students, as well as for researchers and applied scientists who require an introduction to the essential theory of geochemistry, and a survey of its applications in the earth and environmental sciences. Additional resources can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/white/geochemistry
Download or read book Geological Applications of Isotope Geochemistry and the Role of Water in Geologic Processes written by Sean R. Scott and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within this thesis are multiple chapters that stem from a variety of projects and collaborations involving isotope geochemistry. Although the geologic settings at first seem disparate, one common theme among them is water. Water is the critical component being added to the system during serpentinization of olivine, it is the driver of hydrothermal reactions in Yellowstone National Park, and it plays a significant role in mantle melting beneath mid-ocean ridges. During serpentinization, water added to olivine creates mineralogical changes. Olivine is altered to form serpentine, magnetite, brucite, and other minerals. Despite the large mineralogical and physical changes associated with serpentinization, Fe isotopes indicate that Fe is not significantly altered in bulk. Fe mobility is restricted to the mineral grain scale. In Yellowstone, Fe isotopes show evidence for multiple processes occurring in the system, including bulk rock dissolution, mineralization, and biological fractionation. Fe isotope compositions show a wide range of variation significantly greater than that measured in oceanic hydrothermal systems. This stems from the higher degree of heterogeneity within the continental crust, including compositions of the sub-surface aquifer host-rocks and processing governing Fe isotope fractionations. Beneath mid-ocean ridges, mantle melting occurs in deep and shallow regimes. In the deep melting region, water and other volatile species dominate the melting process. In the shallow region, melting is primarily a function of temperature. Deep, low degree melts mix with shallow, high degree melts to produce major and trace element compositional trends. Melting in the deep regime is controlled by the water content; high water contents lead to greater extends of melting in the deep regions of the melt column. Signatures of variable water contents are found when investigating individual ridge segments. Finally, this thesis also includes a manuscript detailing the analytical procedures associated with measurement of U-series disequilibria. Specifically, the paper discusses the use of energy filters for high abundance sensitivity applications in mass spectrometry. We describe the use of the Neptune Plus at the University of Wyoming, which includes a collector specifically designed for simultaneous measurement of 226Ra and 228Ra. All of the isotope data used in this thesis were generated on mass spectrometers. Mass spectrometry is a fundamental tool that allows all of the research contained herein to occur.
Download or read book Advances in Lithium Isotope Geochemistry written by Paul Tomascak and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work summarizes the historical progression of the field of lithium (Li) isotope studies and provides a comprehensive yet succinct overview of the research applications toward which they have been directed. In synthesizing the historical and current research, the volume also suggests prospective future directions of study. Not even a full decade has passed since the publication of a broadly inclusive summary of Li isotope research around the globe (Tomascak, 2004). In this short time, the use of this isotope system in the investigation of geo- and cosmochemical questions has increased dramatically, due, in part, to the advent of new analytical technology at the end of the last millennium. Lithium, as a light element that forms low-charge, moderate-sized ions, manifests a number of chemical properties that make its stable isotope system useful in a wide array of geo- and cosmochemical research fields.
Download or read book Trace Element Geochemistry of Polluted Stream Sediments and Waters in Hunters and Cleveland Areas of Stevens County Washington written by Fazli Rabbi and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Cleveland mine is located near Hunter Creek in Stevens County, Washington. It was active in the past one hundred years and produced several thousands tons of lead, zinc, antimony, silver and copper ores and hundreds of tons of mine waste was dumped in the nearby Hunter Creek. The waste dump contains sulfides of lead, zinc, cadmium, antimony, iron and several other metals, which is exposed to conditions of chemical weathering thereby releasing toxic metals into the streams. Environmental materials such as soil, stream sediment and water samples were collected in the Hunter Creek drainage, as well as in unpolluted areas in the vicinity. These samples were analyzed for 19 trace elements, including toxic heavy metals by electrothermal, flame and cold vapor atomic absorption and inductively coupled argon plasma atomic emission spectrometry to determine their concentration and to investigate the extent of trace element pollution in the area. The elements determined were Ag, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V and Zn. The relative concentrations of almost all elements in the polluted stream water were found to be several times higher than those in the unpolluted streams; however, none of the toxic elements were found in amounts exceeding the recommended limits for public drinking water standards. The major factors controlling the abundance of these elements in stream water seem to be higher pH (> 7.5), the presence of carbonates and hydrous oxides of iron and other metals. The concentration of the trace elements in the unpolluted soils are similar to those in the unpolluted stream sediments. The polluted stream sediments are highly enriched in the majority of trace elements, especially As, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sb, Tl and Zn and moderately high in Cd, Cu and Hg. The average contents of Ba, Be, Cr and V have not exceed background levels. Se was found in lower concentration in the polluted sediments as compared to unpolluted sediments. The oxidation products including metals, have leached out from the waste dump and have been transported by the stream water. The carbonate minerals in the waste have probably played an important role in the neutralization of any acid produced during the oxidation process and have kept the pH of the stream water high. The average pH of the stream water is 7.5 and ranges from 6.5 to 8.5. Because ofthe high pH most of the metals have partitioned into the sediments by the process of precipitation and adsorption. The hydrous oxides of iron and manganese seem to be effective scavengers for trace elements from water. Samples containing high contents of Fe and Mn are also high in several other trace elements. The mine waste is an ongoing source of pollution in Hunter Creek but the prevailing physicochemical conditions restrict mobilization of the trace element in water. While the sediments are serving as a large storage for these elements, they will release the stored toxic elements if they are subjected to suitable physicochemical conditions such as low pH or low carbonate content in the ambient water"--Document.
Download or read book Trace element transport rates in subduction zones written by M. REGELOUS and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
