Download or read book The Role of Heme Oxygenase and Carbon Monoxide in the Development of Hypertension a Mechanistic Approach written by Syed Sirag Ahmed Quadri and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endogenous carbon monoxide (C) is formed by the enzymatic breakdown of heme by the heme oxygenase (HO). Significant increases in CO can be associated with endothelial dysfunction due to a reduction in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and/ or depletion in nitric oxide (NO). Studies aimed at investigating the role of HO in water and electrolyte excretion revealed a direct renal tubular role for endogenous CO in regulating sodium excretion in both L-NAME treated and untreated rats. Further, acute administration of angiotensin II (AngII) revealed that AngII increases HO-1 concentration in both heart and kidney and leads to induction of endogenous CO which drives an elevation in blood pressure. Treatment with Zinc deuteroporphyrin 2, 4-bis glycol (ZnDBPG) decreases the blood pressure through the attenuation of HO-1 induction, which in turn decreases carboxyhemoglobin (CoHb). Patients with diabetes mellitus are known to have an increase in respiratory CO levels which could contribute to endothelial dysfunction. Recurrent insulin induced hypoglycemia (RIIH) is an unavoidable risk of conventional therapeutic management of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We hypothesized that RIIH contributes to endothelial dysfunction and ultimately contributes to hypertension. Studies revealed that insulin induced hypoglycemia in male rats is responsible for diminished blood glucose levels promoting an increase in HO-1 in heart and kidney which drives CO induction and increases blood pressure. Circulating AngII concentration was increased due to RIIH which contributes to hypertension and end organ damage. Treatment with high zinc diet and ZnDPBG, a HO-1 inhibitor, reduces HO-1 levels and CoHb concentration which produces a significant reduction in blood pressure. The current study confirmed that HO-1 induction was via AngII in that captopril (20 mg/kg) administration significantly lowered the blood pressure and attenuated the induction in HO-1. Our results provide novel evidence demonstrating the role of endogenously formed CO and the potential to promote endothelial dysfunction contributing to hypertension. Overall, the current studies suggest the possible role of HO and CO as a potential mechanism leading to hypertension. -Author
Download or read book Heme Oxygenase written by Leo E. Otterbein and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heme oxygenase is an enzyme which breaks down heme, the iron-containing oxygen-carrying constituent of the red blood cells. Heme must be synthesised and degraded within an individual nucleated cell, as heme is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by sensing or using oxygen. Physiological heme degradation is catalysed by the two functional isozymes of heme oxygenase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and HO-2, yielding CO, iron, and biliverdin IX N. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative effects, is up-regulated by multiple stimuli and provides protection against oxidative stress. HO-1 also plays an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular function and is involved in many other diseases such as sickle cell disease. This new book brings together leading research from around the world in this field.
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Download or read book The Role of Heme Oxygenase in the Development of Renovascular Hypertension written by Fady T. Botros and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-03-18 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the eighth volume in the series Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals, and reviews AEGLs for acrolein, carbon monoxide, 1,2-dichloroethene, ethylenimine, fluorine, hydrazine, peracetic acid, propylenimine, and sulfur dioxide for scientific accuracy, completeness, and consistency with the NRC guideline reports.
Download or read book Oxygen Sensing written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-05-10 with total page 867 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in oxygenation underlies a multitude of developmental, physiological, and pathological processes. This volume provides a comprehensive compendium of experimental approaches to the study of oxygen sensing in 48 chapters that are written by leaders in their fields.
Download or read book Role of Nrf2 in Disease Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches written by Javier Egea and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Suppression and Regulation of Immune Responses written by Maria Cristina Cuturi and published by Humana. This book was released on 2015-11-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second volume expands upon the previous edition with new research and objectives in immunoregulation and immune tolerance. Chapters cover topics ranging from new molecular and cellular mechanisms of tolerance; generation and characterization of mice regulatory macrophages; recent advances in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders; and novel mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives on food allergies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Suppression and Regulation of Immune Responses: Methods and Protocols, Volume II is a great resource for current research and inspiration for new studies in immune tolerance.
Download or read book Textbook of Hyperbaric Medicine written by Kewal K. Jain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume captures the latest scientific evidence, technological advances, treatments and impact of biotechnology in hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Divided into three distinct sections, the book begins with basic aspects that include history, equipment, safety and diagnostic approaches; this is followed by clinical applications for hyperbaric oxygen therapy in various modalities; the last section provides an overview of hyperbaric medicine as a specialty with best practices from around the world. Integration of multidisciplinary approaches to complex disorders are also covered. Updated and significantly expanded from previous editions, Textbook of Hyperbaric Medicine, 6th Edition will continue to be the definitive guide to this burgeoning field for students, trainees, physicians and specialists.
Download or read book CD4 CD25 Regulatory T Cells Origin Function and Therapeutic Potential written by B. Kyewski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-09 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vertebrate immune system defends the organism against invading pathogens while at the same time being self-tolerant to the body’s own constituents thus preserving its integrity. Multiple mechanisms work in concert to ensure self-tolerance. Apart from purging the T cell repertoire from auto-reactive T cells via negative selection in the thymus dominant tolerance exerted by regulatory T cells plays a major role in tolerance imposition and maintenance. Among the various regulatory/suppressive cells hitherto described, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and interleukin-10 producing T regulatory 1 (Tr1) cells have been studied in most detail and are the subject of most articles in this issue. Treg, also called "natural" regulatory T cells, will be traced from their intra-thymic origin to the site of their action in peripheral lymphoid organs and tissues. The repertoire of Treg is clearly biased towards recognition of self-antigens, thereby potentially preventing autoimmune diseases such as gastritis and oophoritis. Regulatory T cells, however also control infections, allergies and tolerance to transplanted tissues and this requires their induction in the periphery under conditions which are not yet fully understood. The concept of dominant tolerance, by far not novel, will offer new insights and hopefully tools for the successful treatment of autoimmune diseases, improved cancer immunotherapy and transplant survival. The fulfillment of these high expectations will, however, require their unambiguous identification and a better understanding of their mode of action.
Download or read book Disorders of Hemoglobin written by Martin H. Steinberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-17 with total page 883 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised new edition of the definitive reference on disorders of hemoglobin.
Download or read book Medicinal Organometallic Chemistry written by Gérard Jaouen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Gérard Jaouen, Nils Metzler-Nolte : Introduction ; Stéphane GIBAUD and Gérard JAOUEN: Arsenic - based drugs: from Fowler’s solution to modern anticancer chemotherapy; Ana M. Pizarro, Abraha Habtemariam and Peter J. Sadler : Activation Mechanisms for Organometallic Anticancer Complexes; Angela Casini, Christian G. Hartinger, Alexey A. Nazarov, Paul J. Dyson : Organometallic antitumour agents with alternative modes of action; Elizabeth A. Hillard, Anne Vessières, Gerard Jaouen : Ferrocene functionalized endocrine modulators for the treatment of cancer; Megan Hogan and Matthias Tacke : Titanocenes – Cytotoxic and Anti-Angiogenic Chemotherapy Against Advanced Renal-Cell Cancer; Seann P. Mulcahy and Eric Meggers : Organometallics as Structural Scaffolds for Enzyme Inhibitor Design; Christophe Biot and Daniel Dive : Bioorganometallic Chemistry and Malaria; Nils Metzler-Nolte : Biomedical applications of organometal-peptide conjugates; Roger Alberto : Organometallic Radiopharmaceuticals; Brian E. Mann : Carbon Monoxide – an essential signaling molecule.
Download or read book Physiology and Medicine of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy written by Tom S. Neuman and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2008-06-05 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by internationally recognized leaders in hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) research and practice, this exciting new book provides evidence-based, practical, useful information for anyone involved in HBOT. It outlines the physiologic principles that constitute the basis for understanding the clinical implications for treatment and describes recent advances and current research, along with new approaches to therapy. This book is an essential tool for anyone who cares for patients with difficult-to-heal wounds, wounds from radiation therapy, carbon monoxide poisoning, and more. Provides comprehensive coverage of pathophysiology and clinically relevant information so you can master the specialty. Covers the relevance of HBOT in caring for diverse populations including critical care patients, infants and pediatric patients, and divers. Features a section on the technical aspects of HBOT to provide insight into the technology and physics regarding HBO chambers. Presents evidence to support the effectiveness of HBOT as well as the possible side effects. Describes situations where HBOT would be effective through indication-specific chapters on chronic wounds, radiation and crush injuries, decompression sickness, and more.
Download or read book Nitric Oxide Synthase Characterization and Functional Analysis written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1996-09-18 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the function of nitric oxide in a regulatory capacity in the central and peripheral nervous system is widely recognized, the full scope of its actions and its interrelationships with other classes of regulatory molecules is just beginning to be comprehended. This volume contains a number of sophisticated and advanced methods essential for exploring the activity of nitric oxide in the brain. It will be a valuable tool for the established investigator and for those just entering the field. - Comprehensive protocols included for detection of NO and related compounds by chemical, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization techniques - Newly developed methods for the purification of neuronal and endothelial NO synthase, production of monoclonal antibodies to NO synthase, molecular cloning and expression of NO synthesis, and control of NO synthase gene expression - Assessment of NO-mediated functions in neurons, central nervous system, cerebral circulation, synaptic transmission, and vascular tone - Calcium imaging by confocal microscopy, evaluation of the effect of NO on iron metabolism, and detection of heme oxygenase-1 and -2 message level and distribution
Download or read book Dietary Phytochemicals written by Chukwuebuka Egbuna and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-20 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents comprehensive coverage on the importance of good nutrition in the treatment and management of obesity, cancer and diabetes. Naturally occurring bioactive compounds are ubiquitous in most dietary plants available to humans and provide opportunities for the management of diseases. The text provides information about the major causes of these diseases and their association with nutrition. The text also covers the role of dietary phytochemicals in drug development and their pathways. Later chapters emphasize novel bioactive compounds as anti-diabetic, anti-cancer and anti-obesity agents and describe their mechanisms to regulate cell metabolism. Written by global team of experts, Dietary Phytochemicals: A Source of Novel Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Obesity, Cancer and Diabetes describes the potentials of novel phytochemicals, their sources, and underlying mechanism of action. The chapters were drawn systematically and incorporated sequentially to facilitate proper understanding. This book is intended for nutritionists, physicians, medicinal chemists, drug developers in research and development, postgraduate students and scientists in area of nutrition and life sciences.
Download or read book Organic Nitrates written by P. Needleman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitroglycerin and other organic nitrates have been used for over a century in the treatment of angina pectoris. Millions of patients, throughout the world, have placed nitroglycerin tablets under the tongue and have experienced rapid and dramatic relief from the chest pain that frequently occurs as a manifestation of disease of the coronary arteries. The empirical observation of the safe use of nitrates for tile alleviation of the symptoms of angina have led to their widespread medical acceptance. The use of organic nitrates preceded any knowledge of their mechanism of action or their ultimate metabolic fate. Thus, more simply stated, although sub lingual nitrates helped the patients, little was known concerning what these drugs do to the body or what the body does to the drugs. A substantial number of investigators have focused on these questions especially during the last two decades. We now have considerably more insight into the pathways of degradation of organic nitrates and the relationship of the metabolic processes to the biological action of these agents. Similarly, considerable effort has been expended in understanding the mechanism of action of these agents directly on vascular smooth muscle and on cardiac work and performance. Finally, there is a more substantive understanding of the physiology of the coronary circulation as well as the" pathophysiologic manifestations of myocardial disease.
