Download or read book The Role of G Protein Signaling Components in Growth and Development of the Filamentous Fungus Neurospora Crassa written by Ilva Esther Cabrera and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The G protein signaling pathway is very important in relaying information for growth and development. The main objectives of this dissertation are to: 1. Generate novel image processing tools with the aid of video bioinformatics, 2. Decipher the role of G protein signaling on development and growth through phenotypic analysis and localization studies, and 3. Confirm functions amongst proteins implicated in the Erk1/2 MAPK pathways in Neurospora crassa. In Chapter 2, I used video bioinformatics and image processing tools to develop algorithms that allowed for the analysis of vegetative cell compartment size, conidia size, and growth rate. I used the hyphal compartment size program and found that [Delta]gna-1 and [Delta]ric8 had smaller length and diameter, whereas [Delta]rgs-3, [Delta]rgs-4, and [Delta]rgs-5 had larger compartment sizes. Morphological assays were also conducted on the G signaling components. The results in Chapter 2, suggests that [Delta]gna-1 and [Delta]ric8 regulate cell compartment size and growth rate in N. crassa. In Chapter 3, the phenotypic analysis of available G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) mutants were performed in a collaborative manner, with a majority of contributions by undergraduate students at UCR. All available GPCR mutants were phenotyped using classical morphological assays, as well as tested on chemicals for resistance or sensitivity on that tested chemical. Publically available gene expression data was obtained in order to compare expression patterns of the GPCR's during growth and development. The results obtained in Chapter 3 improved our knowledge on GPCRs, especially on the Pth-11 related pathogenic receptors. In Chapter 4, the G[Alpha] subunits were fluorescently tagged, and their subcellular localization assayed during early development. In Chapter 4, my results demonstrated that all three G[Alpha] proteins localize to the plasma membrane in ungerminated conidia and young germlings, with GNA-1 also localizing on septa, and GNA-3 localizing on distinct patches on germlings. Lastly, Chapter 5 examined downstream effectors, specifically the MAK-1 and MAK-2, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades in two G protein signaling component mutants, ric8 and ste50. The experiments revealed that ste50 is necessary for phosphorylation of MAK-2 in 16 hr VM liquid cultures and MAK-1 and MAK-2 in 6 day old VM plate cultures. However, MAK-1 and MAK-2 were phosphorylated to wild-type levels in cultures grown on low nitrogen medium (SCM) in [Delta]ste50 mutants. The objective of this dissertation was to shed light and expand the knowledge on G protein signaling components and their effects on growth and development in N. crassa.

Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptors in Neurospora Crassa written by Liande Li and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of Heterotrimeric G Alpha Subunits in the Filamentous Fungus Neurospora Crassa written by Sara Josephine Wright and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on the regulation of G protein signaling in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. N. crassa has three G[Alpha] proteins (GNA-1, GNA-2, GNA-3), one G[Beta] (GNB-1), one G[Gamma] (GNG-1), and 10 predicted GPCR's. The G[Alpha] subunit GNA-1 in Neurospora crassa has been shown to be vital for proper cell growth and differentiation, and a variety of functions have been identified for GNA-1. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, I identified interesting potential partners of GNA-1 including two metabolic enzymes, two proteins involved in protein synthesis, an actin nucleating protein, and proteins involved in vitamin synthesis, lipid, and two fungal specific proteins with unknown function.

Download or read book The Role of the Cross Pathway Control cpc 2 Gene in the Filamentous Fungus Neurospora Crassa written by Amruta Vikas Garud and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous work demonstrated that CPC-2 plays an important role during general amino acid control in N. crassa, along with having a role in overall growth and female fertility. My research investigated a possible role for cpc-2 in the G protein signaling pathway, and also investigated genetic epistasis between cpc-2, gnb-1 and the G[Alpha] genes in N. crassa .

Download or read book Two component Signaling Pathways in the Filamentous Fungus Neurospora Crassa written by Carol Ann Jones and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biology of the Fungal Cell written by Richard J. Howard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What makes the fungal cell unique among eukaryotes and what features are shared? This volume addresses some of the most persistent and fascinating questions as they pertain to the growth and development of both yeast and hyphal forms of fungi. Beginning with subcellular components, the book moves on to topics including cell organization and polarity. It then moves beyond these matters to examine the cell biology of spores, the biomechanics of invasive growth, and many other subjects.

Download or read book CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CELL WALL OF THE FILAMENTOUS FUNGUS NEUROSPORA CRASSA written by Abhiram Maddi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cell wall is a critical organelle for a fungus. Being the outermost structure it bears the brunt of the environmental stresses, and most importantly is involved in generating intracellular signals in response to environmental changes. Some of these signals regulate the phenotypic changes that occur in fungal life cycles. The cell wall is a three dimensional matrix composed of two major components, the polysaccharides and the cell wall proteins. A large number of cell wall studies have been focused on the yeast form fungi, Saccharromyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Information regarding the cell walls of filamentous fungi has been particularly lacking. The work done for this thesis comprises a detailed characterization of the cell wall of the model filamentous fungus, Neurospora crassa. An in depth analysis of the cell wall proteome was performed using a novel cell wall solubulization technique that uses trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS).^TFMS cleaves the glycosidic linkages found in the chitin and glucan cell wall polymers and releases the cell wall proteins. Following TFMS digestion, the cell wall proteins can be isolated and identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Using this analysis, a total of 26 integral cell wall proteins have been identified in the cell walls of vegetative hyphae and conidia, the asexual phases of the N. crassa life cycle. Nine secreted proteins were also identified in the culture media that included cell wall proteins. NCBI BLAST searches of the aminoacid sequences of the identified cell wall proteins indicated that many were unique to the filamentous fungi and highly conserved in filamentous fungi. To characterize the functions of individual N. crassa cell wall proteins, an extensive screening of knockout mutants of 65 cell wall proteins was performed.^Knockout mutants lacking six cell wall proteins were found to have a cell wall phenotype or morphological phenotype that genetically co-segregated with the knockout mutation. Three of these cell wall proteins GEL-1, GEL-3 and WSC-2 have homologs in yeast, but the other three proteins, CCG-6, ACW-13 and HAM-7, are unique to filamentous fungi and their functions are yet to be characterized. This mutational analysis, the first for filamentous fungi, showed that some cell wall proteins play critical roles in the life cycles of filamentous fungi. Though a substantial amount of information is available on the structures of the cell wall polysaccharides, very little is known about how the cell wall is synthesized and how the various components, especially the proteins, are covalently cross-linked into the cell wall matrix. To this end, a characterization of the N. crassa OCH-1 knockout mutant was carried out.^OCH-1 is a Golgi based enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the addition of the N-linked galactomannan modification to cell wall proteins. The cell wall from the och-1 knockout mutant had a reduction in the amount of cell wall-associated galactomannan. The mutant was also found to release large amounts of cell wall proteins into the medium and the cell wall was deficient in integrated cell wall protein. The results demonstrated that the N-linked galactomannan modification on cell wall proteins was critical for cell wall protein incorporation into the cell wall matrix.

Download or read book Elucidation of G protein Signal Transduction in Neurospora Crassa Using Chemical Genomics Metabonomics and Genetics written by James Dong-Man Kim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is a model organism for filamentous fungi and has been studied for many years due to its many advantages as an organism for study. Conidiation is a major mode of dispersal utilized by fungal pathogens, and it is evident that conidiation is a common biological response to adverse conditions and a means by which the fungus can reestablish itself in a more favorable environment. N. crassa produces a type of asexual spore, the macroconidium (referred to as a conidium) for dissemination in the environment.

Download or read book Biocommunication of Fungi written by Günther Witzany and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-31 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi are sessile, highly sensitive organisms that actively compete for environmental resources both above and below the ground. They assess their surroundings, estimate how much energy they need for particular goals, and then realise the optimum variant. They take measures to control certain environmental resources. They perceive themselves and can distinguish between ‘self’ and ‘non-self’. They process and evaluate information and then modify their behaviour accordingly. These highly diverse competences show us that this is possible owing to sign(aling)-mediated communication processes within fungal cells (intraorganismic), between the same, related and different fungal species (interorganismic), and between fungi and non-fungal organisms (transorganismic). Intraorganismic communication involves sign-mediated interactions within cells (intracellular) and between cells (intercellular). This is crucial in coordinating growth and development, shape and dynamics. Such communication must function both on the local level and between widely separated mycelium parts. This allows fungi to coordinate appropriate response behaviors in a differentiated manner to their current developmental status and physiological influences.

Download or read book Functional Analysis of Gna 2 a G Protein Alpha Subunit from the Filamentous Fungus Neurospora Crassa written by Rudeina Amine Baasiri and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Calcium and Tip Growth in the Filamentous Fungus Neurospora Crassa written by Lorelei Bianca Silverman Gavrila and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of the Neurospora Crassa Cell Wall and Glycosylphosphatidylinositol GPI anchor Biosynthetic Pathways written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cell wall plays a vital role in the physiology of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, but its synthesis, structure, and remodeling dynamics have not been well defined. To this end, N. crassa mutants affected in two biosynthetic pathways involved in cell wall formation, protein mannosylation and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor addition, have been isolated and characterized. These pathways are important for the production of cell wall glycoproteins, which are involved in the synthesis, assembly, organization, and remodeling of the cell wall. The mutants exhibit reduced rates of growth, altered hyphal and gross colony morphologies, and pronounced cell wall defects. In addition, these cell wall mutants are unable to produce many of the characteristic cell types formed as part of the normal N. crassa life cycle. In chapter 2, a novel genetic mapping and PCR-based sequencing assay was used to the clone the mnt-1 gene, which encodes an alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase. The mnt-1 gene was shown to be required for the synthesis of the galactomannan component present on glycoproteins in the cell wall. Mnt-1 mutants have altered cell wall carbohydrate composition and are unable to repress the onset of the asexual developmental program. The work in chapter 3 details the identification of the gpip-1, gpip-2, gpip-3, and gpit-1 genes, which are involved in the addition of the GPI-anchor to select cell wall glycoproteins. The gpip-1, gpip-2, and gpip-3 genes encode phosphoethanolamine transferases that function in the addition of phosphoethanolamine groups to the GPI-anchor during anchor biogenesis. The gpit-1 gene encodes a component of the GPI transamidase complex involved in the transfer of the completed anchor structure to the target protein. The GPI-anchor mutants experience a significant degree of cell lysis, have altered cell wall carbohydrate and protein compositions, and are deficient in the production of a number of putative GPI-anchored cell wall proteins. The characterization of the protein component in the mutant and wild-type cell walls allowed for the identification of several GPI-anchored and non-anchored cell wall proteins. Overall, the results of this doctoral work demonstrate that the addition of galactomannan to cell wall proteins is an important element of cell wall biogenesis. The work also highlights the significance of the GPI-anchor in directing GPI-anchored proteins to the cell wall and the importance of those proteins for cell wall biosynthesis and remodeling. The addition of galactomannans and GPI-anchors are required for the normal morphology and development of N. crassa.

Download or read book Calcium and Tip Growth in the Filamentous Fungus Neurospora Crassa written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pharmacoepigenetics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 983 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pharmacoepigenetics, Volume Eleven provides a comprehensive volume on the role of epigenetics and epigenomics in drug discovery and development, providing a detailed, but accessible, view of the field, from basic principles, to applications in disease therapeutics. Leading international researchers from across academia, clinical settings and the pharmaceutical industry discuss the influence of epigenetics and epigenomics in human pathology, epigenetic biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis, and treatment, current epigenetic drugs, and the application of epigenetic procedures in drug development. Throughout the book, chapter authors offer a balanced and objective discussion of the future of pharmacoepigenetics and its crucial contribution to the growth of precision and personalized medicine. Fully examines the influence of epigenetics and epigenomics in human pathology, epigenetic biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis, treatment, current epigenetic drugs and the application of epigenetic procedures in drug development Features chapter contributions from leading international researchers in academia, clinical settings and the pharmaceutical industry Instructs researchers, students and clinicians on how to better interpret and employ pharmacoepigenetics in drug development, efficiency and safety Provides a balanced and objective discussion of the future of pharmacoepigenetics and its crucial role in precision medicine

Download or read book Handbook of Fungal Biotechnology written by Dilip K. Arora and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-12-17 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Fungal Biotechnology offers the newest developments from the frontiers of fungal biochemical and molecular processes and industrial and semi-industrial applications of fungi. This second edition highlights the need for the integration of a number of scientific disciplines and technologies in modern fungal biotechnology and reigns as

Download or read book Gene Expression Systems in Fungi Advancements and Applications written by Monika Schmoll and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotechnology has emerged as one of the key environmentally safe technologies for the future which enables use of biomass to develop novel smart materials and to replace oil derived products. Fungi are the most efficient producers of the enzymes needed for this purpose and in addition they produce a plethora of secondary metabolites, among which novel antibiotics can be found. Industrial application and exploitation of the metabolic capacities of fungi requires highly productive and robust gene expression systems, which can be achieved by selection of appropriate species and strain improvement. In this book we aim to summarize homologous and heterologous gene expression systems of fungi for production of enzymes and secondary metabolites. A broad overview on requirements, challenges and successful applications shall serve as a basis for further development of fungi as biotechnological workhorses in research and industry.

Download or read book Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering written by Ashok Pandey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-12 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Current Advances in Solid-State Fermentation provides knowledge and information on solid-state fermentation involving the basics of microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics and principles of genetic engineering, metabolic engineering and biochemical engineering. This volume of the series is on Solid-State fermentation (SSF), which would cover the basic and applied aspects of SSF processes, including engineering aspects such as design of bioreactors in SSF. The book offers a pool of knowledge on biochemical and microbiological aspects as well as chemical and biological engineering aspects of SSF to provide an integrated knowledge and version to the readers. Provides state-of-the-art information on basic and fundamental principles of solid-state fermentation Includes key features for the education and understanding of biotechnology education and R&D, in particular on SSF Lists fermentation methods for the production of a wide variety of enzymes and metabolites Provides examples of the various industrial applications of enzymes in solid state fermentation