Download or read book The Role of Frequency in L2 Structure Accuracy written by Naif Almulla and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The role of frequency in language acquisition has been a controversial issue for a long time. In usage-based theories, frequency of input is claimed to be a very influential factor in the process of language acquisition. However, there has been relatively little research on frequency effects (especially in L2 acquisition) considering the pervasive role it is claimed to have in language learning. Therefore, the present study was conducted to further investigate and understand the nature of such effects. This study's sample consisted of 18 English native speakers (as a baseline group) along with 41 ESL learners. The ESL learners were further divided into 2 proficiency groups. The infinitive-gerund complement constructions were chosen as the linguistic structure under focus which, because of their lexical specificity and non-salient semantic differences, are considered difficult to master by ESL learners. Based on different frequency criteria, 10 verbs that license infinitive and gerund structures were selected to compose 20 stimulus sentences which were read in a word-by-word self-paced reading grammaticality judgment task. Accuracy results and reading times (RTs) for the complement constructions were measured and analyzed. The results showed that higher construction frequency (i.e., infinitive) made it easier for ESL learners to acquire. In addition, lexical frequency effects were more apparent in the learner groups. It was also found that real time processing was sensitive to grammaticality across the 3 groups and that the less proficient the group, the more sensitive it was to frequency.
Download or read book Key Concepts in Second Language Acquisition written by Shawn Loewen and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-16 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does it mean to acquire a language? What is considered a 'second' language in multilingual settings? This practical and comprehensive guide provides an opportunity to consider these issues, providing easy access to concise definitions of key terms and concepts in the study of Second Language Acquisition.
Download or read book Dynamics of Structures Second Edition written by J. Humar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This major textbook provides comprehensive coverage of the analytical tools required to determine the dynamic response of structures. The topics covered include: formulation of the equations of motion for single- as well as multi-degree-of-freedom discrete systems using the principles of both vector mechanics and analytical mechanics; free vibration response; determination of frequencies and mode shapes; forced vibration response to harmonic and general forcing functions; dynamic analysis of continuous systems;and wave propagation analysis. The key assets of the book include comprehensive coverage of both the traditional and state-of-the-art numerical techniques of response analysis, such as the analysis by numerical integration of the equations of motion and analysis through frequency domain. The large number of illustrative examples and exercise problems are of great assistance in improving clarity and enhancing reader comprehension. The text aims to benefit students and engineers in the civil, mechanical and aerospace sectors.
Download or read book Processability Approaches to Second Language Development and Second Language Learning written by Jörg-U. Keßler and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2009-03-26 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fundamental issue in second language acquisition research and in applied linguistics is the question of how learners acquire a second language. Today it is general knowledge that any second language learning follows certain, theoretically established and empirically supported developmental sequences. Based on Processability Theory (Pienemann 1998 and 2005) one can diagnose current states of individual learners' second language development. Knowing about the path of second language development provides important insights into what learners are ready to acquire in the second language at a given point in time. This can support second language learning both in natural and instructional settings. Pienemann's Processability Theory (PT) provides a well researched and empirically substantiated framework to explain the developmental sequences in second language learning across languages.Taking Pienemann (1998 and 2005) as the point of departure the chapters of this book apply, test and extend PT. The book is organised in four parts, (I) Introduction, (II) Current Theoretical Issues within the PT Framework, (III) Applying PT to the Second Language Classroom, and (IV) Work in Progress within the PT Framework.
Download or read book The Global Positioning System and GIS Second Edition written by Michael Kennedy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-04-18 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Positioning System and Geographical Information Systems, working in tandem, provide a powerful tool. Recent developments such as the removal of Selective Availability have not merely made these technologies more accurate but have also opened up a new seam of applications, particularly in location based services. The Global Positioning System and GIS is a clear text and guide to the use and integration of these powerful technologies, with each topic combining an overview with a step-by-step approach. This significantly revised and extended second edition now comes with a set of resources on a CD-ROM, including an instructor's guide, demonstration data and exercises. It is a straightforward introductory text for students and teachers on GIS/GPS courses as well as a practical and introductory field manual for mapping science professionals, giving basic practical guidance, particularly to the integrated use of ESRI's GIS software with Trimble's GPS hardware.
Download or read book The Developmental Dimension in Instructed Second Language Learning written by Paul Malovrh and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work identifies developmental stages in the acquisition of object pronouns by instructed second language learners of Spanish. It examines learners ranging from beginner to advanced, where the most advanced are themselves teachers of Spanish language courses. Study abroad experience is also a variable in the data. The book explores language production from a functionalist perspective, examining form-to-function and function-to-form mappings. It provides insights into related developments in production, placement and processing of object pronouns. Detailed analysis reveals that the most powerful predictor of performance across levels and within levels for each of these is the level of the learner.Formal instruction and the study abroad experience is examined, both the specific instruction on object pronouns and overall exposure to instruction.
Download or read book Investigating the Role of Affective Factors in Second Language Learning Tasks written by Ágnes Albert and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-08 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of affective individual variables that are considered relevant for second language learning and outlines a novel approach to researching them. In the first part of the book, the most prominent concepts and theories in connection with affective individual variables and tasks are discussed, followed by a literature review of the most significant empirical studies conducted on the reviewed individual variables with the help of tasks. The second part of the monograph reports the findings of a research project which investigated the relationships of motivation, emotions, flow experiences, and self-efficacy beliefs of secondary school students studying English in Hungary. These constructs are examined at two levels: in connection with learners’ English classes in general and in connection with a particular language task, thus linking task performance measures to specific affective states experienced while performing a task and their general trait versions reported in connection with the language classes. Teacher interviews provide further insights into the language tasks used by the teachers of the students taking part in the study and their affective correlates. The book offers multi-level interpretations of the results, puts forward pedagogical implications, and delineates further research directions.
Download or read book The New Handbook of Second Language Acquisition written by William C. Ritchie and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The New Handbook of Second Language Acquisition" is a thoroughly revised, re-organized, and re-worked edition of Ritchie and Bhatia's 1996 handbook. The work is divided into six parts, each devoted to a different aspect of the study of SLA. Part I includes a recent history of methods used in SLA research and an overview of currently used methods. Part II contains chapters on Universal Grammar, emergentism, variationism, information-processing, sociocultural, and cognitive-linguistic. Part III is devoted to overviews of SLA research on lexicon, morphosyntax, phonology, pragmatics, sentence processing, and the distinction between implicit and explicit knowledge. Part IV examines neuropsycholgy of SLA, another on child SLA, and the effects of age on second language acquisition and use. Part V is concerned with the contribution of the linguistic environment to SLA, including work on acquisition in different environments, through the Internet, and by deaf learners. Finally, Part VI treats social factors in SLA, including research on acquisition in contact circumstances, on social identity in SLA, on individual differences in SLA, and on the final state of SLA, bilingualism.
Download or read book FUNDAMENTALS OF NAVIGATION AND INERTIAL SENSORS written by AMITAVA BOSE and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Navigation fundamentally provides information on position, velocity and direction which are needed for travel in ocean, land, air and in space. The myriad forms of navigation developed so far are collectively called modern navigation. This recent text discusses new promising developments that will assist the students when they enter their future professional career. It is the outcome of authors’ wide experience in teaching, research and development in the field of navigation and inertial sensors. The content of the book is designed to impart adequate knowledge to the students in the area of navigation and related sensors. The text discusses inertial navigation, inertial sensors, MEMS based inertial sensors, satellite navigation, integrated inertial navigation, signal processing of inertial sensors and their applications. The chapters introduce all the topics in an easy to understand manner so that an appreciative understanding of the text matter can be made without resorting to equations and mathematics. Considerable references have been provided to enable both the students and the professors to dwell and learn more on the topics of their interest. This textbook is primarily intended to meet the academic needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of aerospace engineering and avionics.
Download or read book Structural Synthesis in Precision Elasticity written by Yakov M Tseytlin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-20 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book consists of two main parts: structural synthesis methods for a precision elastic system, including effective approximations; and the application of precision functional elastic systems at reference and operating conditions. Each part provides theoretical basics and a large variety of examples of application and recommendations for parametric and structural optimization. A handbook as well as a textbook, it gives theoretical and practical tools to researchers, instrument system designers, engineers, metrologists, and also to students of college engineering courses. Special consideration is dedicated to the theory and applications of flexible helicoids, notch flexure hinges, and perforated plates whose methods of structural synthesis need development.
Download or read book L2 Phonology Meets L2 Pronunciation written by John Archibald and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-24 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Language Acquisition Beyond Parameters written by Anahí Alba de la Fuente and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-12-16 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters in this volume take different approaches to the exploration of language acquisition processes in various populations (monolingual and bilingual first language acquisition, L2 acquisition) and address issues in syntax, morphology, pragmatics, language processing and interface phenomena. This volume is a tribute to Juana M. Liceras’ fundamental and enduring contribution to the field of Spanish Second Language Acquisition (SLA). All the chapters in the volume are linked to or inspired by Juana’s extensive body of work, and, like Juana’s research, they all stand at the crossroads of formal and experimental linguistics. Together, the studies presented in this volume are a reflection of Juana’s impact both as a mentor and as a collaborative researcher while at the same time showcasing current trends and new directions in the field of generative SLA.
Download or read book An Introduction to Second Language Acquisition Research written by Diane Larsen-Freeman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-25 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how people learn and fail to learn second and foreign languages is increasingly recognised as a critical social and psycholinguistic issue. Second languages are vitally important to diverse groups of people, ranging from refugees to college students facing foreign language requirements. This book provides a synthesis of empirical findings on second and foreign language learning by children and adults, emphasising the design and execution of appropriate research.
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Psycholinguistics written by Aline Godfroid and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-21 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Psycholinguistics provides a comprehensive survey of the latest research at the intersection of linguistics, cognitive psychology, and applied linguistics, for those seeking to understand the mental architecture and processes that shape the acquisition of additional languages. The handbook represents the full complexity of second language acquisition across the lifespan, spanning childhood bilinguals and adult L2 learners, and is inclusive of heritage languages, early bilingualism and multilingualism, and language attrition. An authoritative selection of diverse, global, leading psycholinguists synthesize the latest research to provide a thorough overview in a single volume and set the agenda for the future. The volume is organized into five key parts for ease of use: psycholinguistics across the lifespan; methods; theoretical perspectives; the psycholinguistics of learning; and transdisciplinary perspectives. This handbook will be an indispensable resource for scholars and students of psycholinguistics, second language acquisition, applied linguistics, bilingualism, cognitive science, psychology, and research methodology.
Download or read book The Global Positioning System written by Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-06-14 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that was originally designed for the U.S. military. However, the number of civilian GPS users now exceeds the military users, and many commercial markets have emerged. This book identifies technical improvements that would enhance military, civilian, and commercial use of the GPS. Several technical improvements are recommended that could be made to enhance the overall system performance.
Download or read book The Development of the Grammatical System in Early Second Language Acquisition written by Anke Lenzing and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2013-08-14 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shortlisted for the Christopher Brumfit Award in Applied Linguistics.The Development of the Grammatical System in Early Second Language Acquisition focuses on the acquisition process of early L2 learners. It is based on the following key hypothesis: the initial mental grammatical system of L2 learners is constrained semantically, syntactically and mnemonically. This hypothesis is formalised as the Multiple Constraints Hypothesis. The empirical test of the Multiple Constraints Hypothesis is based on a large database including cross-sectional and longitudinal data from square-one ESL beginners. The study demonstrates that the postulated constraints are relaxed successively as learning progresses. The book is intended for postgraduate students as well as SLA researchers.
Download or read book Second Language Learning Theories written by Rosamond Mitchell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-21 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a team of leading experts working in different SLA specialisms, this fourth edition is a clear and concise introduction to the main theories of second language acquisition (SLA) from multiple perspectives, comprehensively updated to reflect the very latest developments SLA research in recent years. The book covers all the main theoretical perspectives currently active in SLA and sets each chapter within a broader framework. Each chapter examines the claims and scope of each theory and how each views language, the learner and the acquisition process, supplemented by summaries of key studies and data examples from a variety of languages. Chapters end with an evaluative summary of the theories discussed. Key features to this fourth edition include updated accounts of developments in cognitive approaches to second language (L2) learning, the implications of advances in generative linguistics and the "social turn" in L2 research, with re-worked chapters on functional, sociocultural and sociolinguistic perspectives, and an entirely new chapter on theory integration, in addition to updated examples using new studies. Second Language Learning Theories continues to be an essential resource for graduate students in second language acquisition.
