Download or read book The Role of Excitatory Amino Acid Toxicity in Epilepsy written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Excitatory Amino Acids and Epilepsy written by Robert Schwarcz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human epilepsy is a major public health problem affecting approximately 2 persons per 1000. It is particularly frequent in ohildren where convul sions may lead to brain damage and subsequent seizure activity in adulthood. Temporal lobe epilepsy (synonyms include limbic epilepsy. psychomotor epilepsy and complex partial epilepsy) is the most devastating form of epilepsy in the adult population since: a) it is often extremely resistant to currently available anticonvulsant drugs (i.e •• it is more resistant than tonico-clonic or grand mal seizures) and b) it includes loss of consciousness. thereby limiting performance of many normal functions and leaving the individual susceptible to bodily injury. It is also associated with nerve cell loss. in particular in the hippocampus and other structures of the temporal lobes. In order to promote an appropriate therapy it is essential to understand the etiology of seizures and its relationship to brain damage. Basic research on epilepsy also provides a very useful vehicle to learn about the way the brain functions under normal conditions. For instance. much of our present understanding of the mechanisms of action of GABA and benzo diazepines. control of neuronal activity. etc. has been derived from such stUdies.

Download or read book The role of excitatory amino acid toxicity in epilepsy written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The role of excitatory amino acid toxicity in epilepsy written by Robert S. Fisher and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Neurotransmitters and Epilepsy written by Phillip C. Jobe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1987-11-30 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea for this book has evolved from our desire to present a conceptual approach to the study of neurotransmitters in epilepsy. Such an approach requires an understanding of the function of neurotransmitter systems in various experimental models of epilep sy. Toward this goal we have included in this book chapters on neurotransmitter systems in nine different epilepsy models. To com plete the coverage of this topic, there is a chapter on the role of selected neurotransmitters in the various types of human epilep sies. In the final chapter the editors integrated the neurotransmit ter data from the various epilepsy models into a matrix from which a better understanding of the function of these neurotransmitters in modulating epileptogenesis may be obtained. The information found in this book is not the result of a sym posium on this topic, but rather a review of available information on neurotransmitters in each of the experimental models. The evi dence is presented by knowledgeable researchers using these models. This approach gives a current, broader, and more thorough presentation of each of the topics. We therefore feel that this is not just a glimpse at the subject matter, but a panoramic view of the topic.

Download or read book Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists written by B. S. Meldrum and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1991-09-02 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excitatory amino acids are normal components of the human brain which serve as transmitters of nerve impulses. Recent research has shown that during stroke, when the brain is starved of oxygen, they are released in very large quantities which causes calcium overload and leads to degeneration and death of nerve cells. Such damage gives rise to the paralysis and memory loss occurring after episodes of stroke. Newly developed antagonists to excitatory amino acids when given shortly after stroke are able to dramatically reduce the extent of the resulting neural damage. It is also likely that these drugs will be of significant benefit in the treatment of epilepsy as they attenuate the paroxysmal discharges of hyperexcitable neurones. Estimates of the potential market size for drugs active against neurological disorders have led to a major investment by the pharmaceutical industry in research directed to new antagonists of excitatory amino acids. This is, therefore, an appropriate moment to summarize what is known about these compounds and to try to assess their future prospects. This book gives a scholarly overview of the recent developments in this important field. It is edited by the foremost authority on the subject and has been written by leading neuroscientists from all over the world, all of whom have made significant contributions to the subject. It is the first book in the world to be devoted specifically to excitatory amino acide antagonists and unlike most books in the field of neurochemistry, it is not based on a meeting! As such it will be of interest to all pharmacologists and neurologists engaged in research on the central nervous system and particularly those working on the development of new drugs for combating stroke, epilepsy and neurodegenerative disease

Download or read book Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to one-third of combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to some estimates. TBI is also a major problem among civilians, especially those who engage in certain sports. At the request of the Department of Defense, the IOM examined the potential role of nutrition in the treatment of and resilience against TBI.

Download or read book Studies on Excitotoxicity written by Anders Lehmann and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Kainic Acid as a Tool in Neurobiology written by Edith G. McGeer and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1978 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Causes of Epilepsy written by Simon Shorvon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 1013 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanded and revised, this unique book provides concise descriptions of the many causes of epilepsy, for use in clinical practice.

Download or read book Astrocytes and Epilepsy written by Jacqueline A. Hubbard and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-05 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epilepsy is a devastating group of neurological disorders characterized by periodic and unpredictable seizure activity in the brain. There is a critical need for new drugs and approaches given than at least one-third of all epilepsy patients are not made free of seizures by existing medications and become "medically refractory". Much of epilepsy research has focused on neuronal therapeutic targets, but current antiepileptic drugs often cause severe cognitive, developmental, and behavioral side effects. Recent findings indicate a critical contribution of astrocytes, star-shaped glial cells in the brain, to neuronal and network excitability and seizure activity. Furthermore, many important cellular and molecular changes occur in astrocytes in epileptic tissue in both humans and animal models of epilepsy. The goal of Astrocytes and Epilepsy is to comprehensively review exciting findings linking changes in astrocytes to functional changes responsible for epilepsy for the first time in book format. These insights into astrocyte contribution to seizure susceptibility indicate that astrocytes may represent an important new therapeutic target in the control of epilepsy. Astrocytes and Epilepsy includes background explanatory text on astrocyte morphology and physiology, epilepsy models and syndromes, and evidence from both human tissue studies and animal models linking functional changes in astrocytes to epilepsy. Beautifully labelled diagrams are presented and relevant figures from the literature are reproduced to elucidate key findings and concepts in this rapidly emerging field. Astrocytes and Epilepsy is written for neuroscientists, epilepsy researchers, astrocyte investigators as well as neurologists and other specialists caring for patients with epilepsy. Presents the first comprehensive book to synthesize historical and recent research on astrocytes and epilepsy into one coherent volume Provides a great resource on the field of astrocyte biology and astrocyte-neuron interactions Details potential therapeutic targets, including chapters on gap junctions, water and potassium channels, glutamate and adenosine metabolism, and inflammation

Download or read book An in Vitro Study on the Role of Excitatory Amino acid Receptors in Normal and Epileptic Neocortices written by Granger G. C. (Guo-Chiang) Hwa and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The putative neurotransmitters L-glutamate and L-aspartate can exert their excitatory action by activating the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the physiological role of these excitatory amino-acid receptors in neocortical slices of normal rats and epileptic patients. My experiments in the rat neocortex indicate that excitatory synaptic transmission in normal artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) is primarily mediated by non-NMDA receptors, whereas the NMDA receptor is only activated when synaptic inhibition mediated by gamma-aminobutyric-acid-A receptors is reduced or blocked. Under such conditions, I found that the NMDA receptor participates in neuronal synchronization through polysynaptic circuits and contributes to the depolarization underlying the epileptiform discharge. In the epileptogenic human neocortex, I discovered that both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors are responsible for excitatory synaptic transmission in normal ACSF. Furthermore, their activation can lead to the appearance of epileptiform discharges. Together, the findings reported in this thesis suggest that the function of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors might be enhanced in the epileptogenic human neocortex, and lend further support to the hypothesis that excitatory amino acids are involved in epileptogenesis." --

Download or read book Seizures and Epilepsy written by Jerome Engel Jr and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of 'Seizures and Epilepsy' is completely revised, due to tremendous advances in the understanding of the fundamental neuronal mechanisms underlying epileptic phenomena, as well as current diagnosis and treatment, which have been heavily influenced over the past several decades by seminal neuroscientific developments, particularly the introduction of molecular neurobiology, genetics, and modern neuroimaging. This resource covers a broad range of both basic and clinical epileptology.

Download or read book Introduction to Epilepsy written by Gonzalo Alarcón and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers all aspects of epilepsy, from basic mechanisms to diagnosis and management, as well as legal and social considerations.

Download or read book The Glutamate GABA Glutamine Cycle written by Arne Schousboe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental biochemical studies of basic brain metabolism focusing on the neuroactive amino acids glutamate and GABA combined with the seminal observation that one of the key enzymes, glutamine synthetase is localized in astroglial cells but not in neurons resulted in the formulation of the term “The Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle.” In this cycle glutamate released from neurons is taken up by surrounding astrocytes, amidated by the action of glutamine synthetase to glutamine which can be transferred back to the neurons. The conversion of glutamate to glutamine is like a stealth technology, hiding the glutamate molecule which would be highly toxic to neurons due to its excitotoxic action. This series of reactions require the concerted and precise interaction of a number of enzymes and plasma membrane transporters, and this volume provides in-depth descriptions of these processes. Obviously such a series of complicated reactions may well be prone to malfunction and therefore neurological diseases are likely to be associated with such malfunction of the enzymes and transporters involved in the cycle. These aspects are also discussed in several chapters of the book. A number of leading experts in neuroscience including intermediary metabolism, enzymology and transporter physiology have contributed to this book which provides comprehensive discussions of these different aspects of the functional importance of the glutamate-glutamine cycle coupling homeostasis of glutamatergic, excitatory neurotransmission to basic aspects of brain energy metabolism. This book will be of particular importance for students as well as professionals interested in these fundamental processes involved in brain function and dysfunction.

Download or read book Mitochondria and Free Radicals in Neurodegenerative Diseases written by M. Flint Beal and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 1997-08-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery that several major human neurodegenerative diseases are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction has provided new opportunities for a better understanding of these diseases. In this book, major figures in the field offer state-of-the-art reviews of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Because many of the topics presented overlap with one another, the result is the most comprehensive review of the subject to date. Mitochondria and Free Radicals in Neurodegenerative Diseases begins with a historical overview of the field presented by one of its distinguished founders. The book goes on to supply detailed information on energy metabolism in normal brain function and to explore the role of oxidative damage—which may be a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction—in the nervous system. Other early chapters focus on energy dysfunction leading to excitotoxic cell damage, the role of mitochondrial toxins in the pathogenesis of animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, and the role of mitochondria in aging. Additional topics include: Neurologic and neuropathologic consequences of mitochondrial disorders The role of mitochondria and oxidative damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cerebellar degenerations Using MRI spectroscopy to assess energy defects in patients with neurodegenerative diseases Potential therapies for neurodegenerative diseases The role of glutamate receptor antagonists for therapy Known approaches to improving energy function in mitochondrial disorders Free radical scavengers and other innovative therapeutic approaches Cover image: Three-dimensional reconstruction of an isolated, condensed rat-liver mitochondrion, obtained by electron tomography, courtesy of Dr. Carmen A. Mannella and Wadsworth Center. Reproduced with permission from TiBS (1997) vol. 22, issue 2, pp. 37-38.

Download or read book Jasper s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies written by Jeffrey Noebels and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 1258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.