Download or read book The Role of Crustacean Zooplankton in Pelagic Nutrient Cycling written by Tobias Vrede and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pelagic Nutrient Cycles written by Tom Andersen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of the interactions between pelagic food web processes and element cycling in lakes. While some findings are examined in terms of classical concepts from the ecological theory of predator-prey systems, special emphasis is placed on exploring how stoichiometric relationships between primary producers and herbivores influence the stability and persistence of planktonic food webs. The author develops simple dynamic models of the cycling of mineral nutrients through plankton algae and grazers, and then goes on to explore them both analytically and numerically. The results thus obtained are of great interest to both theoretical and experimental ecologists. Moreover, the models themselves are of immense practical use in the area of lake management.

Download or read book Sustainable Increase of Marine Harvesting Fundamental Mechanisms and New Concepts written by Olav Vadstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "How can we increase the production and harvest of living marine resources in the new millennium? Bridging potentials and environmental constraints". This was the theme of the 1st Maricult Conference arranged in Trondheim, Norway in June 2000 in connection with termination of the Norwegian research programme Maricult (1996-2000; www.maricult.org). The intention for the conference was not only to present a state of the art overview of the research conducted as part of the programme, but also to describe other experiences and to discuss the ideas and the scientific status of the programme with the international scientific community. A total of 50 oral communications and 8 posters were presented at the conference. Sixteen of them are included in the present volume. They deal with such topics as strategies for improving marine harvest, underlying mechanisms for marine productivity, new concepts of mariculture with emphasize on mussels, and nutrient supply and environmental impact.

Download or read book Zooplankton Diversity and Pelagic Food Webs written by Marina Manca and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zooplankton are of key importance in the structure and functioning of aquatic food webs. They contribute to a large part of the functional and structural biodiversity of predator and prey plankton communities. Promptly responding to long-term and seasonal changes in the physical and chemical environment, they are sensitive indicators of patterns and mechanisms of impact drivers, both natural and human induced. In this volume, we aim to present evidence for both long-term and seasonal changes in zooplankton community structure and dynamics, investigating different approaches from population dynamics to advanced molecular techniques and reconstructing past communities from subfossil remains in lake sediments.

Download or read book Aquatic Invasions in the Black Caspian and Mediterranean Seas written by Henri J. Dumont and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas, the rivers and canals that connect them, and the enormous volume of shipping in the region, represent a conduit for aquatic invasion, whose consequences are only now beginning to be understood. This book provides an up-to-date overview of jelly invasions in the Ponto-Caspian which have affected local ecosystems since the early 1980s, contrasting that with other biological invasions, in search of underlying principles.

Download or read book A Mechanistic Approach to Plankton Ecology written by Thomas Kiørboe and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three main missions of any organism--growing, reproducing, and surviving--depend on encounters with food and mates, and on avoiding encounters with predators. Through natural selection, the behavior and ecology of plankton organisms have evolved to optimize these tasks. This book offers a mechanistic approach to the study of ocean ecology by exploring biological interactions in plankton at the individual level. The book focuses on encounter mechanisms, since the pace of life in the ocean intimately relates to the rate at which encounters happen. Thomas Kiørboe examines the life and interactions of plankton organisms with the larger aim of understanding marine pelagic food webs. He looks at plankton ecology and behavior in the context of the organisms' immediate physical and chemical habitats. He shows that the nutrient uptake, feeding rates, motility patterns, signal transmissions, and perception of plankton are all constrained by nonintuitive interactions between organism biology and small-scale physical and chemical characteristics of the three-dimensional fluid environment. Most of the book's chapters consist of a theoretical introduction followed by examples of how the theory might be applied to real-world problems. In the final chapters, mechanistic insights of individual-level processes help to describe broader population dynamics and pelagic food web structure and function.

Download or read book Freshwater Crustacean Zooplankton of Europe written by Leszek A. Bledzki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-20 with total page 923 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides a user-friendly, species level taxonomic key based on morphology, current nomenclature, and modern taxonomy using molecular tools which fulfill the most pressing needs of both researchers and environmental managers. This key arms the reader with the tools necessary to improve their species identification abilities. This book resolves another issue as well: the mix of female and male characters used in keys to the calanoid copepods. Often, during the identification process, both calanoid copepod sexes are not available, and the user of such a key is stuck with an uncertain identification. Here, separate male and female keys to the calanoid copepods are provided for both the genera and species levels.

Download or read book Plankton Ecology written by Ulrich Sommer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All relevant ecological aspects of plankton, especially seasonal changes in the species composition, the role of competition for limiting resources in species replacements, the role of parasitism, predation and competition in seasonal succession are treated in detail considering phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteroplankton. In addition to its use as a valid reference book for plankton ecology, this monograph may well be used as a model for other kinds of ecological communities.

Download or read book Review of Jellyfish Blooms in the Mediterranean and Black Sea written by Ferdinando Boero and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2013 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is clear that a new type of human approach to marine ecosystems is needed to confront phenomena such as jellyfish blooms. This document provides an updated overview of this phenomenon in the Mediterranean and Black Sea and illustrates how the problem is affecting societies. It reviews current knowledge on gelatinous plankton in the affected region, providing a framework for its inclusion into fisheries science and the management of human activities such as tourism and coastal development. Fact sheets on the most important gelatinous plankters of the Mediterranean and Black Seas are included as an appendix.

Download or read book Zooplankton Ecology written by Maria Alexandra Teodosio and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims at providing students and researchers an advanced integrative overview on zooplankton ecology, covering marine and freshwater organisms, from microscopic phagotrophic protists, to macro-jellyfishes and active fish larvae. The first book section addresses zooplanktonic organisms and processes, the second section is devoted to zooplankton spatial and temporal distribution patterns and trophic dynamics, and the final section is dedicated to emergent methodological approaches (e.g., omics). Book chapters include comprehensive synthesis, observational and manipulative studies, and sediment-based analysis, a vibrant imprint of benthic-pelagic coupling and ecosystem connectivity. Most chapters also address the impacts of anticipated environmental changes (e.g., warming, acidification).

Download or read book The Role of Zooplankton for Carbon Export Nutrient Recycling and Phytoplankton Bloom Phenology in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model written by Onur Karakuş and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine zooplankton, i.e., heterotrophic marine plankton, serve as trophic links between primary producers and higher trophic levels, and as recyclers for nutrients and carbon in the pelagic ecosystem. In addition, they play a major role for the carbon export flux due to fecal pellet production and fragmentation of particles. They are distributed all over the ocean and constitute a large variety of organisms. Because of large uncertainties in the estimation of parameters and the forms of equations, zooplankton are often parameterized in strongly simplified forms in ocean biogeochemical models. Nowadays, however, increasing data availability from experiments and observations makes it possible to implement different zooplankton functional types in models. This thesis presents the implementation of new zooplankton functional types into an ocean biogeochemical model. Subsequently, the sensitivity of net primary production, carbon export and nutrients to the implementation of these new zooplankton functional types was analyzed. In my thesis, I use a global setup of the biogeochemical model Regulated Ocean Ecosystem Model (REcoM) coupled with the Finite Element Sea-Ice Ocean Model (FESOM). I implemented an explicit parametrization of micro-, meso-, and polar macrozooplankton based on process rates and biomass observations from the literature, as well as a representation of fast-sinking detritus. This extended version of REcoM was used to analyze the role of zooplankton for carbon export, nutrient recycling, and phytoplankton bloom phenology. In a second step, a new sinking routine that considers the roles of mineral ballasting and seawater viscosity on the particle sinking speed and the effect of oxygen on remineralization rates was added to the model. This set-up was used to assess the role of each factor (ballast minerals, seawater viscosity, and oxygen concentration) for the export and transfer efficiencies of carbon, i.e. the amount of particulate organic carbon that is exported across the euphotic depth and reaches the deep ocean. The implementation of the new zooplankton groups changes the carbon transfer efficiency and net primary production in the model. Publication I and III highlight the influence of zooplankton on the transfer efficiency of carbon. Publication I shows that the transfer efficiency of carbon reaches up to 50% due to the high biomass of polar macrozooplankton in the Southern Ocean. Similarly, it was illustrated in Publication III that the high mesozooplankton biomass increases the transfer efficiency of carbon to 80% in the Equatorial Pacific. In addition, the model results presented in Publication I and II show the stimulation of net primary production due to the fast recycling of nutrients. After the parametrization of three zooplankton functional types, the new state of the model leads to a 25% increase in annual mean net primary production. In addition to the effects on annual mean bulk fluxes, the more complex representation of zooplankton also affects the timing of phytoplankton blooms and biogeochemical fluxes. Zooplankton fecal pellets constitute an important share of sinking particulate organic carbon depending on the season in the Southern Ocean. In Publication I, it is shown that the typical shift from a dominance of phytodetrital aggregates in spring to zooplankton fecal pellets later in the year is now reasonably reproduced by the model after the implementation of polar macrozooplankton. Zooplankton grazing can play a decisive role in phytoplankton bloom phenology since it is a loss mechanism for phytoplankton. In Publication II, it is shown that the increased loss rates of phytoplankton due to stronger zooplankton grazing lead to the later start of the spring bloom. In addition, nutrient recycling by zooplankton prevents the fast exhaustion of nutrients by phytoplankton and consequently leads to a later end date of the bloom. In the end, the more complex parametrization of zooplankton provides a modeled phytoplankton bloom phenology closer to observations. The results also indicate that the explaining mechanism behind the bloom phenology changes. While the start of the spring bloom is explained better with the 'Critical Depth Hypothesis' in the low grazing scenario, the system aligns with the 'Dilution-Recoupling Hypothesis' in the high grazing loss simulation. Finally, the global spatial distribution of export and transfer efficiencies are analyzed in Publication III. In particular, I examined the impact of ballast minerals, seawater viscosity, and oxygen-dependent remineralization on export and transfer efficiencies. These three processes are often not considered in biogeochemical models. My results show that the global mean of export efficiency across the euphotic zone stays similar ( 13%) when the effects of mineral ballasting, seawater viscosity, and oxygen-dependent remineralization are added to the model. However, the global mean carbon transfer efficiency is more sensitive to these processes and varies between 25% and 32% in different simulations dependent on the representation of these processes. The magnitude of the effect of each process varies spatially. While the effect of ballast minerals can increase the transfer efficiency by a factor of nine in high latitudes and subtropical gyres, including oxygen-dependent remineralization can increase the transfer efficiency by 28% in low latitudes. The influence of seawater viscosity on the transfer efficiency is smaller compared to the other effects, and it increases the transfer efficiency 8% in subtropical gyres. The thesis highlights that the zooplankton compartment in biogeochemical models should not only be treated as a closure term, and zooplankton functional types should be implemented in the global ocean biogeochemical models by using available datasets from the literature. It further underscores that missing out process representations of mechanisms that underlie carbon export has considerable effects on estimated carbon transfer efficiencies in biogeochemical models. Thus, further attention should be paid on the representation of missing processes related to particle formation and sinking.

Download or read book Complex Interactions in Lake Communities written by Stephen R. Carpenter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its statutory authority (National Science Foundation Act of 1950, as amended), the NSF is directed to both initiate and support basic scientific research. In its Ecology Program, one mode of initiating research is to en courage the development of new ideas through advisory workshops. The NSF is specifically directed to strengthen our nation's research potential. In addition, stimulating new approaches to research will continue to be prominent in the coming years as federal attention is given to increasing the innovativeness and competitiveness of the U. S. in science and engineering. A decision to initiate a workshop does not arise de novo in the Ecology Program. Rather, it emerges from panel discussions, conversations with in vestigators at meetings or on the phone, and from discussions between pro gram officers in the Division of Biotic Systems and Resources. This workshop was developed to provide advice to the NSF and the lim nological community. Some NSF perceptions on future funding for ecolog ical research on lake communities are presented here. Researchers often mentioned a paucity of innovative lake ecology at the community level. This perception was accompanied by a certain frustration since lakes probably have the best empirical data base of any natural environment and should continue to lead in the development of ecological concepts. Members of NSF advisory panels sometimes expressed similar concerns during consid eration of proposals for lake research.

Download or read book Ocean Biogeochemistry written by Michael J.R. Fasham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceans account for 50% of the anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere. During the past 15 years an international programme, the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), has been studying the ocean carbon cycle to quantify and model the biological and physical processes whereby CO2 is pumped from the ocean's surface to the depths of the ocean, where it can remain for hundreds of years. This project is one of the largest multi-disciplinary studies of the oceans ever carried out and this book synthesises the results. It covers all aspects of the topic ranging from air-sea exchange with CO2, the role of physical mixing, the uptake of CO2 by marine algae, the fluxes of carbon and nitrogen through the marine food chain to the subsequent export of carbon to the depths of the ocean. Special emphasis is laid on predicting future climatic change.

Download or read book Primary Productivity in the Sea written by Paul Falkowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primary productivity in the sea accounts for ~30% of the total global annual production. Holistic understanding of the factors determining marine productivity requires detailed knowl edge of algal physiology and of hydrodynamics. Traditionally studies of aquatic primary productivity have heen conducted hy workers in two major schools: experimental laboratory biology, and empirical field ecology. Here an attempt was made .to hring together people from both schools to share information and con cepts; each author was charged with reviewing his field of exoer tise. The scope of the Symposium is broad, which we feel is its strength. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Depart ment of Energy, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, including the NMFS Northeast Fisheries Center and the MESA New York Bight Project. Thanks are due to Mrs. Margaret Dienes, with out whose editorial skills this volume could not have been pro duced, and to Mrs. Helen Kondratuk as Symposium Coordinator. Finally, we wish to record our indebtedness to Dr. Alexander Hollaender for his tireless efforts and valuable advice in sup porting all aspects of this Symposium.

Download or read book Diel Vertical Migration of Zooplankton in Lakes and Oceans written by Joop Ringelberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whatever theory may be advanced to explain diurnal migration, the underlying reactions involved must be demonstrated conc- sively in the laboratory before the explanation can be ?nally accepted George L. Clarke 1933 p. 434 In oceans and lakes, zooplankton often make diel vertical migrations (DVM), descending at dawn and coming up again in late afternoon and evening. The small animals cover distances of 10–40 m in lakes or even a few hundred metres in the open oceans. Although not as spectacular as migrations of birds or the massive movements of large mammals over the African savannas, the numbers involved are very large and the biomass exceed the bulk of the African herds. For example, in the Antarctic oceans swarms of “Krill” may cover kilometres across, with thousands of individuals per cubic metre. These Euphausiids are food for whales, the most bulky animals on earth. Zooplankton are key species in the pelagic food web, intermediary between algae and ?sh, and thus essential for the functioning of the pelagic community. Prey for many, they have evolved diverse strategies of survival and DVM is the most imp- tant one. Most ?sh are visually hunting predators and need a high light intensity to detect the often transparent animals. By moving down, the well-lit surface layers are avoided but they have to come up again at night to feed on algae.

Download or read book Flows of Energy and Materials in Marine Ecosystems written by M. J. R. Fasham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impetus for the conference held at Bombannes, France in May, 1982 arose out of a Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) Working Group on "Mathematical Models in Biological Oceanography". This group was chaired by K.H. Mann and held two meetings in 1977 and 1979. At both meetings it was felt that, although reductionist modelling of marine ecosystems had achieved some successes, the future progress lay in the development of holistic ecosystem models. The members of the group (K.H. Mann, T. Platt, J.M. Colebrook, D.F. Smith, M.J.R. Fasham, J. Field, G. Radach, R.E. Ulanowicz and F. Wulff) produced a critical review of reductionist and holistic models which was published by the Unesco Press (Platt, Mann and Ulanowicz, 1981). One of the conclusions of this review was that, whether holistic or reductionist models are preferred, it is critically important to increase the scientific effort in the measurement of physiological rates for the computation of ecological fluxes. The Working Group therefore recommended that an international meeting should be organized which would attempt to bring together theoretical ecologists and biological oceanographers to assess the present and future capability for measuring ecological fluxes and incorporating these data into models. An approach was made to the Marine Sciences Panel of the NATO Science Committee who expressed an interest in funding such a meeting. They awarded a planning grant and a planning group was formed consisting of M.J.R. Fasham, M.V. Angel, T. Platt, R.E.

Download or read book Zooplankton Ecology written by Maria Alexandra Teodosio and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims at providing students and researchers an advanced integrative overview on zooplankton ecology, covering marine and freshwater organisms, from microscopic phagotrophic protists, to macro-jellyfishes and active fish larvae. The first book section addresses zooplanktonic organisms and processes, the second section is devoted to zooplankton spatial and temporal distribution patterns and trophic dynamics, and the final section is dedicated to emergent methodological approaches (e.g., omics). Book chapters include comprehensive synthesis, observational and manipulative studies, and sediment-based analysis, a vibrant imprint of benthic-pelagic coupling and ecosystem connectivity. Most chapters also address the impacts of anticipated environmental changes (e.g., warming, acidification).