Download or read book The Role of Common and Specific Components of Internalizing Distress in Predicting Alcohol Use Among Mexican American Adolescents written by Brandon Nichter and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mexican American adolescents report high rates of internalizing symptomatology and alcohol use. However, very little research has explored to what extent internalizing distress may contribute to alcohol use among this population. The current study utilized longitudinal data from a community sample of Mexican American adolescents (n=626, 51% female) to test a series of hypotheses about the role of internalizing distress on alcohol use and misuse. Specifically, this study used a bifactor modeling approach to investigate (1) whether different forms of internalizing distress are composed of common and unique components; (2) whether and to what extent such components confer risk for alcohol use; and (3) whether youth cultural orientation plays a role in these associations. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a bifactor model with a general factor and three specific factors (depressed mood, general worry, social anxiety) provided good fit to the data. The general distress factor was significantly associated with past month alcohol use but not binge drinking. However, these effects were conditional based on level of acculturation. Differential relations were found between the specific factors of internalizing distress and alcohol use. Depressed mood predicted past month alcohol use among girls; social anxiety negatively predicted past three month binge drinking among boys. Overall, results highlight the multidimensional nature of internalizing distress and suggest that both common and unique components of internalizing distress may be relevant to the etiology of alcohol use among Mexican-American adolescents. Findings underscore the importance of considering cultural orientation as a moderating factor when investigating substance use among Hispanic youth. Implications for future research examining the etiological relevance of the internalizing pathway to alcohol use among Hispanic adolescents are discussed.

Download or read book Acculturation Alcohol Expectancies and Alcohol Use Among Mexican American Adolescents written by Claudia Graciela Flato and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current study was designed to examine the influence of cultural orientation on alcohol involvement among Mexican-American adolescents. Also, this study assessed whether cultural orientation predicted positive and negative alcohol expectancies for the effects of drinking one to two drinks or bingeing; and whether alcohol-use expectancies mediated the effects of acculturation on drinking practices. The participants were 300 Mexican-American high school students (M = 16.5, SD = 1.15; 178 female and 122 male) from a city along the Texas/Mexico border who were mostly self-identified as 2nd generation Mexican-Americans. The students completed the questionnaires regarding alcohol involvement, acculturation, and alcohol expectancies. Significant findings in the current study indicated a higher orientation to Mexican culture predicted higher levels of alcohol involvement for boys; whereas, a higher orientation to U.S. culture predicted higher alcohol involvement for girls. Also, identification with Mexican culture for girls predicted negative alcohol expectancies for low and high quantities of alcohol use.

Download or read book Alcohol Use In Mexican Americans By Nativity written by Leticia G. Vallejo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study examined alcohol use disorder symptoms among Mexican-Americans. Participants consisted of a community-based sample of 237 Mexican-American adults living in the Midwest United States. The role of nativity status and cultural variables in alcohol use disorder symptoms was explored. Specifically, ethnic identity, acculturation, and acculturative stress were used to predict membership into high and low alcohol use disorder symptom groups among U.S.-and foreign-born Mexican-Americans. Additionally, gender, ethnic identity, and acculturative stress were tested as moderators in the relationship between acculturation and alcohol use disorder symptoms. Among U.S.-born participants, only ethnic identity was found to be predictive of alcohol use disorder symptoms, such that higher ethnic identity was related to fewer alcohol use disorder symptoms. Among foreign-born participants, ethnic identity was also predictive of few alcohol use disorder symptoms. Additionally, increased pressure against acculturation was predictive of higher alcohol use disorder symptoms for foreign-born participants. Among the sample as a whole, those with low Latino Orientation and high pressure against acculturation reported more alcohol use disorder symptoms. These results highlight the protective effect of ethnic identity and the need for further research that examines nativity status, acculturation, and specific acculturative stressors in regard to alcohol use disorder symptoms among Mexican-Americans.

Download or read book The Role of Socialization Gender and Ethnicity in Substance Abuse Among Anglo and Mexican American Adolescents written by Robert James and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stressors and Alcohol Use From Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood in Mexican Origin Youth in the U S written by Griselda Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol is the most frequently used substance among adolescents in the United States. Early, heavy, and chronic alcohol use can have long-term adverse consequences that impact education and employment and lead to substance use disorder. Latinx adolescents initiate alcohol use earlier than Black and White adolescents, but across adolescence, alcohol use frequency tends to be higher among White than Latinx adolescents. However, ethnic-racial minoritized individuals, including Latinx adolescents, are more likely to experience negative alcohol and other substance use-related consequences in adolescence and adulthood. Contextual and developmental stressors are associated with alcohol use, and for Latinx adolescents, including those of Mexican-origin, stressors may also include those embedded in acculturation experiences. Few studies have focused on whether links between stressors and alcohol use differ by gender and nativity among Latinx adolescents. Grounded in a developmental perspective, this dissertation tested whether Mexican-origin adolescents' experiences of stressors in four domains (family, family economic, peer, language) in early adolescence predicted trajectories of alcohol use and binge drinking from middle adolescence through young adulthood. In Paper 1, two strategies for modeling longitudinal relations between stressors across domains in predicting drinking trajectories were compared. Paper 2 tested differences in results by gender and nativity. The California Families Project is a longitudinal cohort study of Mexican-origin adolescents and their families residing in Northern California (N = 674 adolescents). This dissertation used data from Wave 1 (5th grade; Mage = 10.86, SDage = 0.51; 50% female) to Wave 12 (4 years after high school; Mage = 23.17, SDage = 0.59). Most participants were born in the U.S.; 28% were first-generation (born in Mexico), 63% second-generation (parent born in Mexico; child born in U.S.), and 9% third-generation (parent and child born in U.S.). Paper 1 examined whether two conceptualizations of stressors across early adolescence (ages 10 to 16) predicted trajectories of alcohol use frequency and binge drinking from middle adolescence to young adulthood (ages 16 to 23). Stressors were modeled as trajectories (age 10 to 16) and as distal (age 10 to 12) and proximal (age 14 and 16) in their timing. Overall, latent growth models showed partial support for the links between stressors and alcohol use frequency trajectories when stressors were modeled as growth trajectories and weak support for these links when stressors were modeled as distal and proximal. After adjusting for key covariates, when stressors were modeled as trajectories, adolescents who reported more family and peer stressors in very early adolescence tended to report higher levels and/or increases in alcohol use frequency and binge drinking from ages 16 to 23. Adolescents whose family and peer stressors increased more across early adolescence reported greater increases in binge drinking but not alcohol use frequency through age 23. When stressors were modeled as distal and proximal in their timing, more family and peer stressors tended to predict greater levels of alcohol use frequency at age 16. Few associations were observed between family economic stressors and alcohol use and no associations were found between language stressors and alcohol use. Paper 2 showed that gender, but not nativity, moderated some associations between early adolescent stressor trajectories and middle adolescent through young adult alcohol use trajectories. Overall, more support was found for links between stressors and alcohol use trajectories for male participants (vs. female participants). After adjusting for key covariates, male and female participants who reported higher levels of peer stressors in very early adolescence reported more alcohol use and binge drinking in middle adolescence. Male participants, but not female participants, who reported more family and peer stressors in very early adolescence reported greater increases in alcohol use frequency through age 23. No gender differences were observed for associations between stressors and binge drinking or between family economic stressors and alcohol use. This dissertation contributes to the literature on stressors and alcohol use by examining stressors across four important domains (family, family economic, peer, language) and whether these associations vary by gender and nativity among Mexican-origin adolescents. Findings show that family and peer stressors across early adolescence may have important implications for alcohol use across the transition to adulthood and these associations differ by gender. Future studies should consider examining stressor domains, their links with alcohol use, and differences by individual factors to provide a more nuanced understanding about these associations. Study findings can inform families, school personnel, and practitioners of salient stressors in early adolescence that predict subsequent alcohol use. Additional research is needed to know whether the present findings generalize to Latinx individuals of other ethnicities, adolescents of other ethnic-racial groups, or those living in different geographical locations.

Download or read book Mediators and Moderators of the Gender Role substance Use Relationship in Mexican American Adolescents written by Julieann Lynn Nagoshi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationships between adaptive and maladaptive aspects of gender roles in predicting substance use were examined in a sample of 955 (450 boys, 505 girls) Mexican American 7th and 8th grade adolescents participating in a school-based substance use intervention. The moderating effect of linguistic acculturation, the mediating effects of antisociality, depressive symptoms, and adaptive and avoidant coping on gender role-substance use relationships were examined. Correlational and path analyses supported the Functional Model of Gender Roles that considers these roles as adaptive or maladaptive social coping strategies. For boys, the path analyses yielded significant direct paths from aggressive masculinity to composite alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use measures, with all other effects of gender roles on substance use operating through the mediators. Bootstrapped mediation tests yielded significant indirect paths, where for boys the positive relationships between assertive and aggressive masculinity with substance use and the negative relationship of affective femininity with substance use were mediated through antisociality, which is predictive of increased substance use. For girls, the positive relationship between aggressive masculinity with cigarette and alcohol use and the negative relationship of affective femininity with alcohol and cigarette use were also mediated by adaptive coping, which is predictive of decreased substance use. A different set of significant indirect paths through avoidant coping connected assertive masculinity and submissive femininity to alcohol use for boys. For boys, the paths from affective femininity to antisociality and adaptive coping were found to be moderated by linguistic acculturation, with the negative correlation of affective femininity with antisociality and positive correlation of this gender role with adaptive coping being stronger in boys low in acculturation. In turn, the pathway from this acculturation by affective femininity interaction to substance use was found to be mediated by antisociality. The present analyses confirmed the importance of gender roles and their interaction with acculturation in predicting substance use in Mexican American adolescents. The analyses also were important in delineating functional mechanisms through which these gender roles have their effects, with implications for the design of interventions to reduce substance use in this population.

Download or read book Understanding Heterogeneity in Associations Between Internalizing Problems and Alcohol Use Behaviors Into Early Adulthood With Developmental Behavioral Genetics written by Tong Chen and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Different theories and empirical findings have suggested complicated patterns of longitudinal associations between child/adolescent internalizing problems and adolescent/early adult alcohol use behaviors. This dissertation examined possible factors contributing to the heterogeneity in longitudinal associations between internalizing problems and alcohol use behaviors, guided by the life-course perspective, the developmental psychopathology framework, and behavioral genetic approaches. The first study used a longitudinal twin/sibling study across adolescence and early adulthood to examine whether depressive and anxiety symptoms were differentially longitudinally associated with alcohol use behaviors (including alcohol initiation and alcohol use severity), controlling for the effects of antisocial behaviors on alcohol use behaviors. Results suggested that depressive symptoms were associated with delayed alcohol initiation. Depressive symptoms were associated with more severe alcohol use via shared genetic influences. However, both depressive and anxiety symptoms had negative environmental associations with alcohol use severity. The second study examined associations between developmental trajectories of emotional problems across childhood and adolescence and early adult alcohol use behaviors (including alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems), controlling for the effects of conduct problems on alcohol use behaviors. Results suggested that emotional problems in pre-adolescence (but not changes in emotional problems across adolescence) were associated with less alcohol consumption, although only for males. Emotional problems were not associated with early adult alcohol-related problems. Emotional problems during childhood were not associated with early adult alcohol use behaviors. In most cases, findings from this dissertation suggested that internalizing problems were associated with delayed alcohol initiation and less severe alcohol use (when the effects of externalizing problems were appropriately controlled for), although there was heterogeneity contributed by the subtype of internalizing problems, developmental timing of internalizing problems, sex differences, and different indicators of alcohol use behaviors. Finally, genetically informed designs suggested that while internalizing problems may have causal influences on alcohol use behaviors under certain conditions, common genetic and environmental factors may also contribute to significant associations between internalizing problems and alcohol use behaviors. Future studies should investigate specific genetic and environmental mechanisms that may explain negative longitudinal associations between internalizing problems and alcohol use behaviors.

Download or read book Alcohol Abuse and Depression Among Mexican American Adolescents written by Adrienne Lynn Desimone and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Early Internalizing Symptoms on Speed of Transition Through Stages of Alcohol Involvement written by Kyle Menary and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol use disorders and internalizing disorders are highly comorbid in adults, but how this comorbidity unfolds over development is not well understood. Previous retrospective studies in adults have shown that internalizing problems are associated with a rapid transition from first drink and first regular drinking to the onset of alcohol dependence. Some results also suggest that internalizing is a stronger predictor of rapid transitions through later stages of alcohol involvement, but these stage-specific effects have not been explicitly tested. The present study utilized a prospective dataset to investigate effects of adolescent internalizing symptoms on speed of transition through multiple stages of alcohol involvement. Specifically, it was hypothesized that greater early internalizing symptoms would predict a later age of first drink, a slower transition from first drink to first binge, and a faster transition from first binge to first dependence symptom. The moderating effects of gender were also examined. Data were from a longitudinal study of children of alcoholics and matched controls (n = 454) followed from late childhood to mid-life. Linear regression and Cox regression were the primary analytic strategies. Covariates were externalizing symptoms, family history of alcohol use disorders, and gender. Analyses also controlled for age at which the participant entered each interval. Generally, stage-specific hypotheses concerning the effects of internalizing were not supported. Internalizing symptoms marginally predicted an earlier age of first drink and a faster transition from first binge to first dependence symptom, and significantly predicted a faster transition through the overall interval from first drink to first dependence symptom. Internalizing was a stronger predictor of rapid transitions for women, and the effects of internalizing were not specific to early or later stages of alcohol involvement among women. These results suggest that early internalizing problems are a general risk factor for a rapid transition through all stages of alcohol involvement, and this risk may be stronger for women than for men. These results have important implications for our theoretical understanding of the relationship between internalizing problems and alcohol use disorders as well as prevention and intervention efforts targeting these problems.

Download or read book Preventing Bullying Through Science Policy and Practice written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-09-14 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have "asked for" this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life. Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication. Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences.

Download or read book Parenting Matters written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.

Download or read book Machismo and Alcohol Use written by Arthur Anthony Flores and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders written by Kenneth J. Sher and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) have been documented in a number of cultures since the beginnings of recorded time and represent major societal concerns in the present day. The Oxford Handbook of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders provides comprehensive reviews of key areas of inquiry into the fundamental nature of substance use and SUDs, their features, causes, consequences, course, treatment, and prevention. It is clear that understanding these various aspects of substance use and SUDs requires a multidisciplinary perspective that considers the pharmacology of drugs of abuse, genetic variation in these acute and chronic effects, and psychological processes in the context of the interpersonal and cultural contexts. Comprising two volumes, this Handbook also highlights a range of opportunities and challenges facing those interested in the basic understanding of the nature of these phenomena and novel approaches to assess, prevent, and treat these conditions with the goal of reducing the enormous burden these problems place on our global society. Chapters in Volume 1 cover the historical and cultural contexts of substance use and its consequences, its epidemiology and course, etiological processes from the perspective of neuropharmacology, genetics, personality, development, motivation, and the interpersonal and larger social environment. Chapters in Volume 2 cover major health and social consequences of substance involvement, psychiatric comorbidity, assessment, and interventions. Each chapter highlights key issues in the respective topic area and raises unanswered questions for future research. All chapters are authored by leading scholars in each topic. The level of coverage is sufficiently deep to be of value to both trainees and established scientists and clinicians interested in an evidenced-based approach.

Download or read book Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of how to reduce risk factors for mental disorders has expanded remarkably as a result of recent scientific advances. This study, mandated by Congress, reviews those advances in the context of current research and provides a targeted definition of prevention and a conceptual framework that emphasizes risk reduction. Highlighting opportunities for and barriers to interventions, the book draws on successful models for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, injuries, and smoking. In addition, it reviews the risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse and dependence, depressive disorders, and conduct disorders and evaluates current illustrative prevention programs. The models and examination provide a framework for the design, application, and evaluation of interventions intended to prevent mental disorders and the transfer of knowledge about prevention from research to clinical practice. The book presents a focused research agenda, with recommendations on how to develop effective intervention programs, create a cadre of prevention researchers, and improve coordination among federal agencies.

Download or read book Depression in Parents Parenting and Children written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-10-28 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depression is a widespread condition affecting approximately 7.5 million parents in the U.S. each year and may be putting at least 15 million children at risk for adverse health outcomes. Based on evidentiary studies, major depression in either parent can interfere with parenting quality and increase the risk of children developing mental, behavioral and social problems. Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children highlights disparities in the prevalence, identification, treatment, and prevention of parental depression among different sociodemographic populations. It also outlines strategies for effective intervention and identifies the need for a more interdisciplinary approach that takes biological, psychological, behavioral, interpersonal, and social contexts into consideration. A major challenge to the effective management of parental depression is developing a treatment and prevention strategy that can be introduced within a two-generation framework, conducive for parents and their children. Thus far, both the federal and state response to the problem has been fragmented, poorly funded, and lacking proper oversight. This study examines options for widespread implementation of best practices as well as strategies that can be effective in diverse service settings for diverse populations of children and their families. The delivery of adequate screening and successful detection and treatment of a depressive illness and prevention of its effects on parenting and the health of children is a formidable challenge to modern health care systems. This study offers seven solid recommendations designed to increase awareness about and remove barriers to care for both the depressed adult and prevention of effects in the child. The report will be of particular interest to federal health officers, mental and behavioral health providers in diverse parts of health care delivery systems, health policy staff, state legislators, and the general public.

Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Download or read book The End of Trauma written by George A. Bonanno and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With “groundbreaking research on the psychology of resilience” (Adam Grant), a top expert on human trauma argues that we vastly overestimate how common PTSD is in and fail to recognize how resilient people really are. After 9/11, mental health professionals flocked to New York to handle what everyone assumed would be a flood of trauma cases. Oddly, the flood never came. In The End of Trauma, pioneering psychologist George A. Bonanno argues that we failed to predict the psychological response to 9/11 because most of what we understand about trauma is wrong. For starters, it’s not nearly as common as we think. In fact, people are overwhelmingly resilient to adversity. What we often interpret as PTSD are signs of a natural process of learning how to deal with a specific situation. We can cope far more effectively if we understand how this process works. Drawing on four decades of research, Bonanno explains what makes us resilient, why we sometimes aren’t, and how we can better handle traumatic stress. Hopeful and humane, The End of Trauma overturns everything we thought we knew about how people respond to hardship.