Download or read book The Role of Cadherin Fat2 in Zebrafish Hair Cell Development and Planar Cell Polarity written by Victoria Leigh Palfini and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damage to the mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear results in hearing loss and balance impairment. Although hair cell loss is permanent in humans and other mammals, nonmammalian vertebrates such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) can regenerate fully functional hair cells, making them a useful model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying hair cell regeneration. In zebrafish, hair cells are organized into sensory organs called neuromasts. Previous studies have reported the downregulation of fat2 in the mantle cells, a type of support cell located in the neuromast that gives rise to hair cells following hair cell death. The Fat family of cadherins are involved in planar cell polarity (PCP) and regulation of cell proliferation, both of which are important for development and regeneration. In this study, I investigated Fat2's function in hair cell development and planar cell polarity through the use of immunohistochemical assays and morpholino oligonucleotide (MO)-mediated knockdown of fat2. Immunofluorescent labeling of zebrafish larvae with an antibody against Fat2 confirms that this protein localizes in the mantle cells. Although there does not appear to be a difference in the PCP of the neuromasts of MO-injected (morphant) larvae and sham-injected control larvae, Fat2 affects the hair cell populations of these two groups. Over time, the neuromasts of morphant larvae have significantly fewer hair cells than control larvae, indicating slowed cell division in morphants. These results suggest that Fat2 plays a role in cell division during development as a possible factor involved in determining the rate of mantle cell proliferation.
Download or read book The Role of Fat2 and Fat3 Cadeherins on Hair Cell Development and Planar Cell Polarity in the Zebrafish Lateral Line written by Philippine E Alba and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanosensory hair cells in the inner ear are responsible for converting the physical vibrations of sound waves into electrical signals which the brain can then interpret. Damage to these cells can result in loss of hearing and balance. While hair cells in mammals lose their ability to regenerate, some non-mammalian vertebrates are able to generate fully functioning hair cells following death or damage throughout their entire life span; one such species is the zebrafish (Danio rerio) whose hair cells are stereotypically organized along the lateral line in sensory clusters called neuromasts. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hair cell regeneration is necessary in order to explore potential treatments for hearing loss caused by damage to these mechanosensory cells. Past studies have found that the Fat family of proteins may play a role in both planar cell polarity (PCP) and epithelial cell division and are therefore suitable candidates for exploring potential roles in regeneration. This study aimed to replicate the immunohistochemical and MO assays done in the past for Fat2 and Fat3 cadherins, looking for effects on hair cell development and PCP. I compared hair cell counts and planar polarity in 4 conditions: control (phenol red), Fat3 with P53, Fat2 with P53, Fat3, Fat2 and P53 knock-downs. Results found significant effects of all 3 knockdown conditions on hair cells counts when compared to controls but yield no differences between knockdown groups. These results suggests that Fat2 and Fat3 are employed in the same pathway regulating hair cell development. Assays exploring PCP yielding inconclusive results.
Download or read book Protocadherin10 in Danio rerio mechanosensory hair cell development and planar cell polarity written by Sang Hun Kim and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hair cells in the inner ear are essential for hearing and balance. Without them we would be deaf or disoriented. If hair cells are damaged in any way, we suffer permanent hearing loss or balance degeneration. However, although mammals do not have the ability to regenerate new hair cells when they die or get damaged, many non-mammalian vertebrates have the capability to regenerate dead hair cells through the mantle support cells that surround the hair cells in the neuromast. Danio rerio, or Zebrafish, are one of those species. Currently, there are no models that suggest that a potocadherin protein Protocadherin10 is involved regulating cellular polarity and adhesion, a function that is important in hair cell function. This study investigates the importance of Protocadherin10 and its role in planar cell polarity in zebrafish hair cells. Immunofluorescence staining of Protocadherin10 proteins found that Protocadherin10 was localized in the mantle cell within the neuromast which shows that it may have a role not only in hair cell development, but in hair cell polarity. In addition, although knockdown of protocadherin10 was not done, I hypothesize that in morphant fish, polarity will be non-existent. I propose zebrafish Protocadherin10 as a potential target to study the role of hair cell development and planar cell polarity.
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Small Molecules that Modulate Hair Cell Development and Regeneration in the Zebrafish Lateral Line System written by Wenbo Chen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hair cells, mechanoreceptors in the ear, initiate the perception of sound. It has been demonstrated that loss of hair cells is a key factor in sensorineural hearing loss, for which there is no cure. With the ultimate goal to reverse hearing loss at the level of hair cells, 5040 chemicals from a novel compound library were evaluated for their potential modulatory effect on hair cell development and regeneration, using zebrafish lateral line neuromasts. Three enhancers and six inhibitors were confirmed by subsequent dose-response analysis. In addition, I determined that LY-411575 induced hair cell formation in zebrafish but the hair bundles were severely misorientated. Moreover, a critical window was demonstrated to be particularly important for maintaining planar cell polarity during the LY-411575 mediated hair cell regeneration process. Collectively, this research provides insight into the characterization of potential hair cell modulators.
Download or read book Prominin 1 CD133 New Insights on Stem Cancer Stem Cell Biology written by Denis Corbeil and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-19 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prominin-1 or otherwise known as CD133 is a glycoprotein that is present in humans and mice. Since the first description of prominin in 1997, in mouse neuroepithelial cells and in human hematopoietic stem cells as AC133 antigen, this molecule has aroused a large interest especially, as a stem cell marker, that gave rise to an ever growing body of publications and more recently its expression in cancer stem cells. Controversies as to its role as a cancer stem and its detection in different models, as well as its use as a prognostic marker have emerged. Yet, beyond its use as a stem cell and cancer stem cell marker, prominin-1/CD133 displays unique biological features and appears of importance in other processes like for example in retinal biogenesis. Indeed, this five-transmembrane plasma membrane glycoprotein, which marks membrane protrusions is associated with several essential processes like cell polarity, asymmetric cell division and membrane remodeling. We propose to review current knowledge about this intriguing molecule and present pertinent information to determine the biological role of prominins and assess their importance in medicine and cancer research. The primary audience for this book is geared towards scientists and researchers with interest in cancer stem cells, stem cells, cell biology, neurobiology, and regenerative medicine.
Download or read book The Sticky Synapse written by Michael Hortsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-07 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The molecular mechanisms, which are responsible for the functional differences between the various types of neuronal synapses, have become one of the central themes of modern neurobiology. It is becoming increasingly clear that a misregulation of synaptogenesis and synaptic remodeling and dysfunctional neuronal synapses are at the heart of several human diseases, both neurological disorders and psychiatric conditions. As synapses present specialized cellular junctions between neurons and their target cells, it may not come as a surprise that neural cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are of special importance for the genesis and the maintenance of synaptic connections. Genes encoding adhesive molecules make up a significant portion of the human genome, and neural CAMs even have been postulated to be a major factor in the evolution of the human brain. These are just some of the many reasons why we thought a book on neural CAMs and their role in establishing and maintaining neuronal synapses would be highly appropriate for summarizing our current state of knowledge. Without question, over the near future, additional adhesive proteins will join the ranks of synaptic CAMs and our knowledge, and how these molecules enable neurons and their targets to communicate effectively will grow.
Download or read book The Cadherin Superfamily written by Shintaro T. Suzuki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-02 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of the entire field of cadherin research and provides the current basic concept of cadherins. Cadherins have been widely accepted as key regulators of animal development and physiological functions, and it also has become clear that they play essential roles in various human diseases. With contributions by leading scientists, the book covers various aspects of the cadherin superfamily including the history of cadherin research, basic properties of classical cadherins as well as non-classical cadherins, cadherin-associated proteins, and the roles of cadherins in health and diseases. In addition, the book presents some contradictory results and important unanswered questions, and the authors propose their working hypotheses or future directions, to inspire future studies. This volume enables graduate students and young researchers to learn the basics and gain a comprehensive image of the cadherin superfamily, and experts in the field will easily find various topics of interest in relevant areas of study. Additionally, a list of cadherin-related diseases is included for quick reference to cadherins in human diseases.
Download or read book Cell Polarity in Development and Disease written by Douglas W Houston and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Polarity in Development and Disease offers insights into the basic molecular mechanisms of common diseases that arise as a result of a loss of ordered organization and intrinsic polarity. Included are diseases affecting highly polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, as well as loss and gain of cell polarity in the onset and progression of cancer. This book provides a basic resource for understanding the biology of polarity, offering a starting point for those thinking of targeting cell polarity for translational medical research. Provides basic science understanding of cell polarity disease and development Covers diseases affecting polarized epithelial tissues in the lung and kidney, also covering the progression of cancer Includes historical context of cell polarity research for potential future breakthroughs
Download or read book Cell Polarity and Morphogenesis written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-02-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Polarity and Morphogenesis, the latest volume in the Methods in Cell Biology series, looks at cell polarity and morphogenesis. Edited by leaders in the field, this volume provides proven, state-of-art techniques, along with relevant historical background and theory, to aid researchers in efficient design and effective implementation of experimental methodologies.
Download or read book Texture of the Nervous System of Man and the Vertebrates written by Santiago R.y Cajal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-10-14 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The works and thoughts of Santiago Ramn y Cajal in a faithful rendition of the original Spanish version, with additional facts contained in the French translation, both of which are currently quoted around 200 times each year in the scientific literature. This is the only authorized English translation and makes use of uniform nomenclature according to contemporary scientific English. Most of the illustrations are reproductions of Cajal's original art work, with cross references to the figure numbers of the Spanish and French versions, while the taxonomic glossary uses current scientific names, and their colloquial English counterparts.
Download or read book Emerging Model Organisms written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Systems Genetics written by Florian Markowetz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whereas genetic studies have traditionally focused on explaining heritance of single traits and their phenotypes, recent technological advances have made it possible to comprehensively dissect the genetic architecture of complex traits and quantify how genes interact to shape phenotypes. This exciting new area has been termed systems genetics and is born out of a synthesis of multiple fields, integrating a range of approaches and exploiting our increased ability to obtain quantitative and detailed measurements on a broad spectrum of phenotypes. Gathering the contributions of leading scientists, both computational and experimental, this book shows how experimental perturbations can help us to understand the link between genotype and phenotype. A snapshot of current research activity and state-of-the-art approaches to systems genetics are provided, including work from model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster, as well as from human studies.
Download or read book The Cancer Stem Cell Niche written by Susie Nilsson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cancer Stem Cell Niche, Volume Five in the Advances in Stem Cells and their Niches series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the bone marrow microenvironment, Stem cell niches in bone and their roles in cancer metastasis, The role of vasculature in cancer stem cell niches, The lung cancer stem cell niche, The prostate cancer stem cell niche: Genetic drivers and therapeutic approaches, Impact of prostate cancer stem cell niches on prostate cancer tumorigenesis and progression, The testicular cancer stem cell niche. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Stem Cells and their Niches series Includes the latest information on the Cancer Stem Cell Niche
Download or read book Limb Regeneration written by Panagiotis A. Tsonis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-07-13 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book that analyses the mechanisms of limb regeneration by incorporating the information obtained from older experiments with the many new recent advances in molecular and cellular biology.
Download or read book Science of Synthesis Photocatalysis in Organic Synthesis written by B. Koenig and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2019-04-05 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of photocatalysis has developed rapidly over the last decade and it is time to clarify its impact on organic synthesis. This volume is an opportunity to provide the defining and current reference work for this field. A primary objective is to collect together the most useful, practical, and reliable methods for photocatalysis and to introduce them to a larger audience. The fundamental concepts of photophysics are introduduced and laboratory set-ups are described, enabling newcomers to the field to instantly apply these new tools in synthesis. Rather than aiming for comprehensive coverage, solutions for challenging transformations in synthesis applying visible light and suitable dyes are presented. A team of pioneers and leaders in the field has been assembled, who discuss both the practical and conceptual aspects of this rapidly growing field. Scope, limitations, and mechanism of the reactions are covered and key experimental procedures are included.
Download or read book Principles of Regeneration written by Richard J. Goss and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-12 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Regeneration focuses on the principles, methodologies, and changes involved in the process of regeneration. The book first underscores the nature of the nucleus in Acetabularia, enzyme effects, role of ribonucleic acid in morphogenesis, and functions of the stentor. The text then takes a look at the turnover in hydroids and flatworms and regeneration blastema. Discussions focus on regeneration in hydra, interstitial cells, colonial hydroids, neoblasts, and morphogenetic fields. The publication surveys segmental addition in annelids and molting, metamorphosis, and regeneration in arthropods. The termination of regeneration, importance of nerves, morphogenesis, histogenesis of the regenerate, and role of the nerves are discussed. The manuscript also examines regeneration in fishes, amphibian limb, horns and antlers, and heads and tails. The manuscript is a dependable source of data for students of developmental biology, anatomy, and evolution, as well as teachers and researchers in biology and medicine.
Download or read book Invertebrate Neurobiology written by Geoffrey North and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasises on evolutionary aspects of neurobiology in model and non-model invertebrates. This work includes chapters on eye evolution, higher cognitive functions in insects, circadian rhythms and sleep, and more. Its covers techniques that allow manipulation of activity in specified neurons and investigation of behavior.
