Download or read book The Role of Bacterial Taxis in Ralstonia Solanacearum host Interactions written by Jian Yao and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Host Attachment and Biofilm Formation in the Ralstonia Solanacearum Species Complex written by Mariama Dominique Carter and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacteria in the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) cause a lethal vascular wilt disease in over 450 plant species, including potato, tomato, and banana. To colonize the host, the pathogen physically adheres to the plant and coheres to other bacterial cells, thereby driving the development of biofilms, which are microbial communities embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix. R. pseudosolanacearum (Rps), one of three species in the RSSC, first attaches to the host at the root surface, forms biofilms in intercellular spaces following root invasion, and finally disperses to the xylem where it adheres to vessels and develops biofilms that block the flow of fluid. Given that attachment and dispersal are critical behaviors from the rhizosphere to the xylem, this raises two questions: 1) what mediates attachment and biofilm formation in Rps, and 2) when are these factors deployed during disease and how are they regulated? Three adhesins, radA, rcpA, and rcpB, were upregulated in a mutant locked in a low cell density mode. I hypothesized these adhesins contribute to host attachment and colonization early in disease when the bacterium is naturally at a low cell density. As predicted, RadA, RcpA, and RcpB facilitated Rps adhesion to tomato roots. RcpA and rcpB, which were upregulated at the rhizoplane, were not required for colonization of the root endosphere and stem or virulence, indicating they specifically function at the earliest point in host-pathogen interactions. RadA, which was expressed at similar levels throughout host colonization, made a small contribution to virulence and competitive fitness in the stem, possibly engaging in adhesion both at the rhizoplane and in the xylem. All three adhesins were required for surface adhesion during biofilm development, the first step in surface-associated biofilm formation. Rps may then deploy RadA for host attachment throughout disease, while RcpA and RcpB have a root phase-specific role in adhesion. Rps GM1000 encodes three highly expressed carbohydrate-binding lectins, LecM, LecF, and LecX. Previous publications demonstrate LecM, a core gene in the RSSC, is a virulence factor that contributes to colonization of the host and static biofilm formation. Intriguingly, LecF and LecX play the opposite role in static attachment. Deleting lecF and lecX enhanced the formation of static biofilms and increased attachment to tomato roots. Consistent with this, heterologous expression of LecF or LecX in RSSC strains that naturally lack them suppressed biofilm development. Together, these in vitro and in planta assays demonstrate LecF and LecX negatively modulate attachment in static conditions, an atypical function for bacterial lectins. Without the lectins, the structure of the ECM is altered and is more adhesive, possibly contributing to the hyper-attachment phenotypes of the lectin mutants. In contrast, under flow, LecF, LecX, and EPS I, a major exopolysaccharide that likely is a key component of the biofilm matrix, were all critical for adhesion and biofilm development in xylem sap. These results indicate the lectins have environment-specific functions. In flowing environments like the xylem, lectin interactions with the ECM may drive biofilm development under shear stress while in static environments like the rhizosphere, lectins constrain attachment, promoting pathogen dispersal. Light sensing through photoreceptors is a known regulator of attachment and motility in phyllosphere- and xylem-colonizing pathogens. Rps GMI1000 encodes LOV, a highly conserved blue light photoreceptor, indicating that blue light may be an environmental cue for this soil-borne pathogen as well. Exposure to white light, a combination of wavelengths in the visible spectrum, and blue light enhanced Rps attachment to tomato seedling roots and static biofilm formation. Blue light also suppressed swimming motility, a flagella-dependent behavior required for translocation to roots. Red light, which Rps should be unable to sense, had no effect on motility or attachment. Interestingly, mutant analysis showed LOV was not responsible for these blue light-induced behaviors, but LOV did negatively modulate biofilm formation in a blue light-dependent manner, thereby promoting dispersion. LOV, which upregulates a universal stress protein, was required for full virulence in the stem. In summary, blue light or the redox effects of blue light trigger Rps to shift lifestyles from free-living and motile to stress-tolerant and sessile. In response to blue light, LOV appears to constrain this switch to biofilm formation, which could influence pathogen spread and colonization of the light-exposed host plant stem.
Download or read book The Flagellar World written by Shin-Ichi Aizawa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Flagellar World is a unique publication. The product of years of research and data collection by the author, this book is a pictorial guide to flagella in a variety of organisms. Each EM image is accompanied by a short description of the system in each organism. These never-before-seen pictures represent a wide variety of flagella, including Legionella pneumophila, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and many others. Researchers in microbiology, immunology, and parasitology will find this a fascinating and useful resource. A unique publication with many never before seen EM images of flagella A historical document of years of research on flagella Fills a specific niche that shows flagella in several varied organisms
Download or read book Soilborne Microbial Plant Pathogens and Disease Management Volume One written by P. Narayanasamy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soilborne microbial plant pathogens including oomycetes, fungi, bacteria and viruses cause several economically important destructive diseases and the symptoms of infection can be recognized only after the pathogen has invaded many tissues primarily vascular tissues of susceptible plants. This condition places formidable challenges in investigating different aspects of host-microbial pathogen interactions. Early detection of infection and precise identification, differentiation, and quantification of the microbial plant pathogens in plants, soil and water sources are essential requirements for development of effective tactics to reduce the incidence and spread of the diseases caused by them. As the microbial plant pathogens differ in their virulence and sensitivity to the environment and chemicals applied, it is imperative to assess the extent of variability in the concerned pathogens. This first volume of a two-volume set introduces disease-causing microorganisms including oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses found in soils. It focuses on the biology, detection, and identification of soilborne bacterial, fungal, and viral plant pathogens. This volume discusses various techniques based on biological, immunological and genetic properties of the pathogens indicating their advantages and limitations for selecting the appropriate technique to fulfill the requirements. Features: Presents techniques useful for detection, identification, quantification of microbial plant pathogens in plants, soil, and irrigation water from waterbodies. Highlights subversive activities of viruses, resulting in the breakdown of host defense systems. Discusses RNA silencing in infected plants by viruses and posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) functioning as an endogenous mechanism in plants against virus infection. Presents information on methods of assessment of genetic variability and sensitivity of microbial plant pathogens to chemicals and adverse environmental conditions.
Download or read book Bacterial Metabolites in Sustainable Agroecosystem written by Dinesh K. Maheshwari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a resurgence of interest in environmental friendly, sustainable and organic cultural practices that warrants high yield and quality in agricultural crops. To enhance sustainable agricultural production and alleviate food scarcity, spoor of majority of microorganisms, especially plant growth and health promoting bacteria of eminent characteristics that allow them for exploitation in agro-ecosystem. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are the soil bacteria inhabiting around/on the root surface and are directly or indirectly involved in promoting plant growth and development via production and secretion of various regulatory chemicals in the vicinity of rhizosphere. Among various beneficial bacteria mediated mechanisms include direct production of phytohormones and biosurfactants experiencing quest of research and concept up gradation that can built emerging paradigm (agriculture model). Research on bacteria-mediated phytohormones is crucially important, provides key understanding of the plant growth and development. Various genera including PGPR group of bacteria are potential source of plant growth regulators. Application of such organism allow plants to survive under abiotic and biotic stress conditions besides govern phytohormone mediated immune response and manage to regulate hormones. Such group of bacteria also produce another important metabolite i.e. biosurfacatants which are involved in many important functions to bacteria itself as we ll as for the plants and their ecosystem. Biosurfactants may alter nutrient availability, endogenous metabolites such as antibiotics production, root colonization imparting protection from phytopathogens besides eradicating soil contaminants and other pollutants. The role and activities of surfactants produced by bacteria are multifarious in nature. Thus, bacterial phytohormones and biosurfactants are identified as effector molecules in plant- microbe interactions, in pathogenesis and phyto-stimulation which can either be beneficial for the bacteria itself or for the crops. This book highlights current applications and research on bacterial hormones and surfactants to provide a timely overview. The chapters have been contributed by subject experts from around the world and include topics of varied importance which include phytohormones production by rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria, their role in rhizosphere competence, plant growth regulation, bioremediation, biosurfactants as antibiofilm agents and other aspects. This major new work represents a valuable source of information to all those scientists interested in microbial technology with respect to the microbial innovative products and applications towards sustainable agroecosystem.
Download or read book The Vegetable Pathosystem written by Mohammad Ansar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-19 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variability in vegetable pathogens is a critical issue, particularly in changing environments, as it presents challenges to accurate diagnoses and proper management. This book focuses on the diverse ecology of phytopathogens, covering the varying disease categories (acute, chronic, and emerging), the mechanisms involved in disease development, pathogen variability, and disease management. The book also discusses the preharvest and postharvest challenges that arise due to these phytopathogens. Key Features: • Provides an overview of phytopathogens that affect vegetables in various environmental conditions • Discusses how to manage vegetables affected by specific pathogens • Offers eco-friendly approaches to prevent postharvest diseases • Presents a comprehensive guide to identifying and addressing numerous diseases for individuals in the fields of horticulture
Download or read book Plant Microbial Interactions and Smart Agricultural Biotechnology written by Swati Tyagi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-23 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considering the ever-increasing global population and finite arable land, technology and sustainable agricultural practices are required to improve crop yield. This book examines the interaction between plants and microbes and considers the use of advanced techniques such as genetic engineering, revolutionary gene editing technologies, and their applications to understand how plants and microbes help or harm each other at the molecular level. Understanding plant-microbe interactions and related gene editing technologies will provide new possibilities for sustainable agriculture. The book will be extremely useful for researchers working in the fields of plant science, molecular plant biology, plant-microbe interactions, plant engineering technology, agricultural microbiology, and related fields. It will be useful for upper-level students and instructors specifically in the field of biotechnology, microbiology, biochemistry, and agricultural science. Features: Examines the most advanced approaches for genetic engineering of agriculture (CRISPR, TALAN, ZFN, etc.). Discusses the microbiological control of various plant diseases. Explores future perspectives for research in microbiological plant science. Plant-Microbial Interactions and Smart Agricultural Biotechnology will serve as a useful source of cutting-edge information for researchers and innovative professionals, as well as upper-level undergraduate and graduate students taking related agriculture and environmental science courses.
Download or read book Applied and Environmental Microbiology written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biofilms in Plant and Soil Health written by Iqbal Ahmad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofilms are predominant mode of life for microbes under natural conditions. The three-dimensional structure of the biofilm provides enhanced protection from physical, chemical and biological stress conditions to associated microbial communities. These complex and highly structured microbial communities play a vital role in maintaining the health of plants, soils and waters. Biofilm associated with plants may be pathogenic or beneficial based on the nature of their interactions. Pathogenic or undesirable biofilm requires control in many situations, including soil, plants, food and water. Written by leading experts from around the world, Biofilms in Plant and Soil Health provides an up-to-date review on various aspects of microbial biofilms, and suggests future and emerging trends in biofilms in plant and soil health. Issues are addressed in four sub areas: I) The fundamentals and significance of biofilm in plant and soil health, and the concept of mono and mixed biofilms by PGPR and fungal biofilms. II) Biochemical and molecular mechanisms in biofilm studies in plant associated bacteria, and techniques in studying biofilms and their characterization, gene expression and enhanced antimicrobial resistance in biofilms, as well as biotic and biotic factors affecting biofilm in vitro. III) The ecological significance of soil associated biofilms and stress management and bioremediation of contaminated soils and degraded ecosystems. IV) Pathogenic biofilm associated with plant and food and its control measures. This book is recommended for students and researchers working in agricultural and environmental microbiology, biotechnology, soil sciences, soil and plant health and plant protection. Researchers working in the area of quorum sensing, biofilm applications, and understanding microbiome of soil and plants will also find it useful.
Download or read book Bacterial Wilt Disease written by Philippe Prior and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jointly published with INRA, Paris. Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a very destructive plant disease that attacks over 450 different species, including many of the most important economic crop plants. Often endemic, the bacterium transmits through the soil, penetrates the plant root system and eventually causes irreversible wilting and death. This book summarizes the current information on bacterial wilt for both the basic research community and for concerned professionals who are faced with the disease in the field, offering the latest approaches to diagnosis and control of the disease. Emphasis is placed on integrated and biologically sustainable control methods. Also presented is the most recent genetic/biochemical research exploring the interaction between the bacterium and its plant host at the molecular level.
Download or read book RESEARCH ADVANCES IN VEGETABLE SCIENCE written by Humberto González Rodríguez and published by American Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-01 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Research Advances in Vegetable Science is an outstanding contribution of the authors in the field of advancement of the vegetable researches all over the World. The book entitles from the seed germination and its necessity of establishment in the new environment where physiological responses are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. Priming is a simple technique that not only helps in proper germination but aid in seedling establishment. Phonotypical and physiological responses of different vegetable crops are of significant importance in relation to factors like nutrients, salinity, disease-pest attacks. Physiological and biochemical basis of tolerance to salinity is very important that may help in the evaluation and selection of pipeline hybrids and parents lines using a novel technique. Biotic factors are major constraints in crop production, so proper management strategies and control measures must be taken for potential outcome. In this book, a special emphasis was given on food value and food chemistry of different vegetable crops. Major aspects like nutritional value of fresh vegetable as well as food value, post-harvest physiology and processing, storage and food quality, medicinal values, food chemistry and food biotechnology have been discussed in lucid manner.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Microbiology written by Thomas M. Schmidt and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-11 with total page 3248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Fourth Edition, Five Volume Set gathers both basic and applied dimensions in this dynamic field that includes virtually all environments on Earth. This range attracts a growing number of cross-disciplinary studies, which the encyclopedia makes available to readers from diverse educational backgrounds. The new edition builds on the solid foundation established in earlier versions, adding new material that reflects recent advances in the field. New focus areas include `Animal and Plant Microbiomes’ and ‘Global Impact of Microbes`. The thematic organization of the work allows users to focus on specific areas, e.g., for didactical purposes, while also browsing for topics in different areas. Offers an up-to-date and authoritative resource that covers the entire field of microbiology, from basic principles, to applied technologies Provides an organic overview that is useful to academic teachers and scientists from different backgrounds Includes chapters that are enriched with figures and graphs, and that can be easily consulted in isolation to find fundamental definitions and concepts
Download or read book Advances in Ralstonia Research and Application 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Ralstonia Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyPaper™ that delivers timely, authoritative, and intensively focused information about Ralstonia in a compact format. The editors have built Advances in Ralstonia Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Ralstonia in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Ralstonia Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Virus Ecology and Disturbances Impact of Environmental Disruption on the Viruses of Microorganisms written by Stephen Tobias Abedon and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viruses infect numerous microorganisms including, predominantly, Bacteria (bacteriophages or phages) but also Archaea, Protists, and Fungi. They are the most abundant and ubiquitous biological entities on Earth and are important drivers of ecosystem functioning. Little is known, however, about the vast majority of these viruses of microorganisms, or VoMs. Modern techniques such as metagenomics have enabled the discovery and description of more presumptive VoMs than ever before, but also have exposed gaps in our understanding of VoM ecology. Exploring the ecology of these viruses – which is how they interact with host organisms, the abiotic environment, larger organisms, and even other viruses across a variety of environments and conditions – is the next frontier. Integration of a growing molecular understanding of VoMs with ecological studies will expand our knowledge of ecosystem dynamics. Ecology can be studied at multiple levels including individual organisms, populations, communities, whole ecosystems, and the entire biosphere. Ecology additionally can consider normal, equilibrium conditions or instead perturbations. Perturbations are of particular interest because measuring the effect of disturbances on VoM-associated communities provides important windows into how VoMs contribute to ecosystem dynamics. These disturbances in turn can be studied through in vitro, in vivo, and in situ experimentation, measuring responses by VoM-associated communities to changes in nutrient availability, stress, physical disruption, seasonality, etc., and could apply to studies at all ecological levels. These are considered here across diverse systems and environments.
Download or read book Plant Cell Walls written by Peter Albersheim and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-04-15 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant cell walls are complex, dynamic cellular structures essential for plant growth, development, physiology and adaptation. Plant Cell Walls provides an in depth and diverse view of the microanatomy, biosynthesis and molecular physiology of these cellular structures, both in the life of the plant and in their use for bioproducts and biofuels. Plant Cell Walls is a textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, as well as a professional-level reference book. Over 400 drawings, micrographs, and photographs provide visual insight into the latest research, as well as the uses of plant cell walls in everyday life, and their applications in biotechnology. Illustrated panels concisely review research methods and tools; a list of key terms is given at the end of each chapter; and extensive references organized by concept headings provide readers with guidance for entry into plant cell wall literature. Cell wall material is of considerable importance to the biofuel, food, timber, and pulp and paper industries as well as being a major focus of research in plant growth and sustainability that are of central interest in present day agriculture and biotechnology. The production and use of plants for biofuel and bioproducts in a time of need for responsible global carbon use requires a deep understanding of the fundamental biology of plants and their cell walls. Such an understanding will lead to improved plant processes and materials, and help provide a sustainable resource for meeting the future bioenergy and bioproduct needs of humankind.
Download or read book Microbiology Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1982-05 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Evolution written by Pabulo H. Rampelotto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-12 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most profound paradigms that have transformed our understanding about life over the last decades was the acknowledgement that microorganisms play a central role in shaping the past and present environments on Earth and the nature of all life forms. Each organism is the product of its history and all extant life traces back to common ancestors, which were microorganisms. Nowadays, microorganisms represent the vast majority of biodiversity on Earth and have survived nearly 4 billion years of evolutionary change. Microbial evolution occurred and continues to take place in a great variety of environmental conditions. However, we still know little about the processes of evolution as applied to microorganisms and microbial populations. In addition, the molecular mechanisms by which microorganisms communicate/interact with each other and with multicellular organisms remains poorly understood. Such patterns of microbe-host interaction are essential to understand the evolution of microbial symbiosis and pathogenesis.Recent advances in DNA sequencing, high-throughput technologies, and genetic manipulation systems have enabled studies that directly characterize the molecular and genomic bases of evolution, producing data that are making us change our view of the microbial world. The notion that mutations in the coding regions of genomes are, in combination with selective forces, the main contributors to biodiversity needs to be re-examined as evidence accumulates, indicating that many non-coding regions that contain regulatory signals show a high rate of variation even among closely related organisms. Comparative analyses of an increasing number of closely related microbial genomes have yielded exciting insight into the sources of microbial genome variability with respect to gene content, gene order and evolution of genes with unknown functions. Furthermore, laboratory studies (i.e. experimental microbial evolution) are providing fundamental biological insight through direct observation of the evolution process. They not only enable testing evolutionary theory and principles, but also have applications to metabolic engineering and human health. Overall, these studies ranging from viruses to Bacteria to microbial Eukaryotes are illuminating the mechanisms of evolution at a resolution that Darwin, Delbruck and Dobzhansky could barely have imagined. Consequently, it is timely to review and highlight the progress so far as well as discuss what remains unknown and requires future research. This book explores the current state of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of microbial evolution with a collection of papers written by authors who are leading experts in the field.
