Download or read book The Role of Amplitude Envelope in Lexical Tone Perception written by Yining Victor Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previously published studies on the role of amplitude envelope in lexical tone perception focused on Mandarin only. Amplitude envelope was found to co-vary with fundamental frequency in Mandarin lexical tones, and amplitude envelope alone could cue tone perception in Mandarin which uses primarily tone contour for phonemic tonal contrasts. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate whether amplitude envelope also co-varies with fundamental frequency in Cantonese, and whether the amplitude envelope cue alone can also aid the perception of lexical tones in Cantonese which uses both tone contour and relative tone height for phonemic tonal contrasts. Signal-correlated noise stimuli were synthesized based on the six Cantonese lexical tones produced naturally in isolation with the carrier syllables /ji/ and /wai/, and contained only the amplitude envelope cue of the six Cantonese lexical tones. The original intensity level of the amplitude envelopes was preserved in one condition of the experiment, but was equalized across tone types in the other condition. Thirty native listeners of Cantonese and thirty native listeners of English were presented pairs of the stimuli, and were instructed to report whether each pair consisted of identical or different Cantonese lexical tones. The results indicated that amplitude envelope co-varied with fundamental frequency in Cantonese. Furthermore, in both conditions of the current Cantonese lexical tone discrimination experiment, the native listeners of Cantonese performed significantly above chance and with greater accuracy and shorter reaction time than the native listeners of English. This suggested that amplitude envelope could cue tone contour and relative tone height for lexical tone perception. Since tone languages in the world are described as using only tone contour, relative tone height, or a combination of both for phonemic tonal contrasts, a theoretical implication of the current study is that amplitude envelope is an additional cue and could cue tone perception in all tone languages. This finding could potentially help improve the encoding of lexical tone contrasts for lexical tone perception in cochlear implant users.

Download or read book Lexical Tone Perception in Infants and Young Children Empirical studies and theoretical perspectives written by Leher Singh and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In psycholinguistic research there has traditionally been a strong emphasis on understanding how particular language types of are processed and learned . In particular, Romance and Germanic languages (e.g. English, French, German) have, until recently, received more attention than other types, such as Chinese languages. This has led to selective emphasis on the phonological building blocks of European languages, consonants and vowels, to the exclusion of lexical tones which, like consonants and vowels, determine lexical meaning, but unlike consonants and vowels are based on pitch variations. Lexical tone is pervasive; it is used in at least half of the world’ languages (Maddieson, 2013), e.g., most Asian and some African, Central American, and European languages. This Research Topic brings together a collection of recent empirical research on the processing and representation of lexical tones across the lifespan with an emphasis on advancing knowledge on how tone systems are acquired. The articles focus on various aspects of tone: early perception of tones, influences of tone on word learning, the acquisition of new tone systems, and production of tones. One set of articles report on tone perception at the earliest stage of development, in infants learning either tone or non-tone languages. Tsao and Chen et al. demonstrate that infants’ sensitivity to Mandarin lexical tones, as well as pitch, improves over the first year of life in native and non-native learners in contrast to traditional accounts of perceptual narrowing for consonants and vowels. Götz et al. report a different pattern of perception for Cantonese tones and further demonstrate influences of methodological approaches on infants’ tone sensitivity. Fan et al. demonstrate that sensitivity to less well-studied properties of tone languages, such as neutral tone, may develop after the first year of life. Cheng and Lee ask a similar question in an electrophysiological study and report effects of stimulus salience on infants’ neural response to native tones. In a complementary set of studies focused on tone sensitivity in word learning, Burnham et al. demonstrate that infants bind tones to newly-learned words if they are learning a tone language, either monolingually or bilingually; although it was also found that object-word binding was influenced by the properties of individual tones. Liu and Kager chart a developmental trajectory over the second year of life in which infants narrow in their interpretation of non-native tones. Choi et al. investigate how learning a tone language can influence uptake of other suprasegmental properties of language, such as stress, and demonstrate that native tone sensitivity in children can facilitate stress sensitivity when learning a stress-based language. Finally, two studies focus on sensitivity to pitch in a sub-class tone languages: pitch accent languages. In a study on Japanese children’s abilities to recognise words they know, Ota et al. demonstrate a limited sensitivity to native pitch contrasts in toddlers. In contrast, Ramachers et al. demonstrate comparatively strong sensitivity to pitch in native and non-native speakers of a different pitch accent system (Limburghian) when learning new words. Several studies focus on learning new tone systems. In a training study with school-aged children, Kasisopa et al. demonstrate that tone language experience increases children’s abilities to learn new tone contrasts. Poltrock et al. demonstrate similar advantages of tone experience in learning new tone systems in adults. And in an elecrophysiological study, Liu et al. demonstrate order effects in adults’ neural responses to new tones, discussing implications for learning tone languages as an adult. Finally, Hannah et al. demonstrate that extralinguistic cues, such as facial expression, can support adults’ learning of new tone systems. In three studies investigating tone production, Rattansone et al. report the results of a study demonstrating kindergartners’ asynchronous mastery of tones – delayed acquisition of tone sandhi forms relative to base forms. In a study interrogating a corpus of adult tone production, Han et al. demonstrate that mothers produce tones in a distinct manner when speaking to infants; tone differences are emphasised more when speaking to infants than to adults. Combining perception and production of tones, Wong et al. report asynchronous development of tone perception and tone production in children. The Research Topic also includes a series of Opinion pieces and Commentaries addressing the broader relevance of tone and pitch to the study of language acquisition. Curtin and Werker discuss ways in which tone can be integrated into their model of infant language development (PRIMIR). Best discusses the phonological status of lexical tones and considers how recent empirical research on tone perception bears on this question. Kager focuses on how language learners distinguish lexical tones from other sources of pitch variation (e.g., affective and pragmatic) that also inform language comprehension. Finally, Antoniou and Chin unite evidence of tone sensitivity from children and adults and discuss how these areas of research can be mutually informative. Psycholinguistic studies of lexical tone acquisition have burgeoned over the past 13 years. This collection of empirical studies and opinion pieces provides a state-of-the-art panoply of the psycholinguistic study of lexical tones, and demonstrate its coming of age. The articles in this Research Topic will help address the hitherto Eurocentric non-tone language research emphasis, and will contribute to an expanding narrative of speech perception, speech production, and language acquisition that includes all of the world’s languages. Importantly, these studies underline the scientific promise of drawing from tone languages in psycholinguistic research; the research questions raised by lexical tone are unique and distinct from those typically applied to more widely studied languages and populations. The comprehensive study of language acquisition can only benefit from this expanded focus.

Download or read book Auditory Perception of Sound Sources written by William A. Yost and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Auditory Perception of Sound Sources covers higher-level auditory processes that are perceptual processes. The chapters describe how humans and other animals perceive the sounds that they receive from the many sound sources existing in the world. This book will provide an overview of areas of current research involved with understanding how sound-source determination processes operate. This book will focus on psychophysics and perception as well as being relevant to basic auditory research. Contents: Perceiving Sound Sources: An Overview William A. Yost Human Sound Source Identification Robert A. Lutfi Size Information in the Production and Perception of Communication Sounds Roy D. Patterson, David R. R. Smith, Ralph van Dinther, and Tom Walters The role of memory in auditory perception Laurent Demany, and Catherine Semal Auditory Attention and Filters Ervin R. Hafter, Anastasios Sarampalis, and Psyche Loui Informational masking Gerald Kidd Jr., Christine R. Mason, Virginia M. Richards, Frederick J. Gallun, and Nathaniel I. Durlach Effects of harmonicity and regularity on the perception of sound sources Robert P. Carlyon, and Hedwig E. Gockel Spatial Hearing and Perceiving Sources Christopher J. Darwin Envelope Processing and Sound-Source Perception Stanley Sheft Speech as a Sound Source Andrew J. Lotto, and Sarah C. Sullivan Sound Source Perception and Stream Segregation in Non-human Vertebrate Animals Richard R. Fay About the editors: William A. Yost, Ph.D., is Professor of Psychology, Adjunct Professor of Hearing Sciences of the Parmly Hearing Institute, and Adjunct Professor of Otolaryngology at Loyola University of Chicago. Arthur N. Popper is Professor in the Department of Biology and Co-Director of the Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing at the University of Maryland, College Park. Richard R. Fay is Director of the Parmly Hearing Institute and Professor of Psychology at Loyola University of Chicago. About the series: The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of synthetic reviews of fundamental topics dealing with auditory systems. Each volume is independent and authoritative; taken as a set, this series is the definitive resource in the field.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Music and the Brain written by Michael H. Thaut and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of music and the brain can be traced back to the work of Gall in the 18th century, continuing with John Hughlings Jackson, August Knoblauch, Richard Wallaschek, and others. These early researchers were interested in localizing musicality in the brain and learning more about how music is processed in both healthy individuals and those with dysfunctions of various kinds. Since then, the research literature has mushroomed, especially in the latter part of the 20th and early 21st centuries. The Oxford Handbook of Music and the Brain is a groundbreaking compendium of current research on music in the human brain. It brings together an international roster of 54 authors from 13 countries providing an essential guide to this rapidly growing field. The major themes include Music, the Brain, and Cultural Contexts; Music Processing in The Human Brain; Neural Responses to Music; Musicianship and Brain Function; Developmental Issues in Music and the Brain; Music, the Brain, and Health; and the Future. Each chapter offers a thorough review of the current status of research literature as well as an examination of limitations of knowledge and suggestions for future advancement and research efforts. The book is valuable for a broad readership including neuroscientists, musicians, clinicians, researchers and scholars from related fields but also readers with a general interest in the topic.

Download or read book The Neural Basis for Lexical Tone Perception written by Pui-Yan Veronica Kwok and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "The Neural Basis for Lexical Tone Perception" by Pui-yan, Veronica, Kwok, 郭沛殷, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Research on how lexical tone is neuroanatomically represented in the human brain is central to our understanding of cortical regions subserving language. While lexical tones contain acoustic and linguistic information, past research has overwhelming focused on the acoustic processing of lexical tone with auditory stimuli, while our knowledge of semantic processing of lexical tones and how lexical tones contribute to reading remains superficial. Four functional magnetic resonance imaging studies were conducted with healthy, native Mandarin-speaking adults. Resting-state and task-based fMRI data were collected to investigate the neural systems and connectivity patterns for lexical tone perception. In Study 1, we used a novel methodology to investigate the neural substrates underlying auditory lexical tone perception. Prior neuroimaging research on cognitive processing of lexical tones has yielded inconsistent results. Also, experimental materials used in past studies carried minimal lexical semantics, an important dimension since speech tones serve to distinguish lexical meanings. Subjects performed a same-different tone discrimination task with meaningful, disyllabic Chinese words. Results showed that the left inferior frontal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus and bilateral superior temporal gyri are responsible for the perception of linguistic pitches. We hypothesize that the left superior temporal region is engaged in primary acoustic analysis of the auditory stimuli, while the right middle superior temporal gyrus and the left inferior frontal region are involved in tonal and semantic processing of the language stimuli. In Study 2, we conducted a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of auditory lexical tone processing. A resting-state connectivity analysis was also conducted. Our results suggest that both hemispheres play roles in the auditory processing of lexical tone information with the left hemisphere playing a more dominant role. Yet, the resting-state connectivity data revealed an opposite pattern of laterality. We infer that tonal processing laterality is apparent only during active processing. In Study 3, subjects were required to make lexical tone judgments of visually presented Chinese characters. We found that tone perception of printed Chinese characters was mediated by strong brain activation in bilateral frontal regions, left inferior parietal lobule, left posterior middle/medial and inferior temporal region and bilateral visual areas. Surprising, no activation was found in superior temporal regions, brain sites well known for speech tone processing. The findings provided novel insights regarding how the activation in the superior temporal cortex associated with lexical tone perception depends on the input modality. In Study 4, we addressed the neural systems for the processing of tonal information in reading. We found that the extraction of tonal information in reading is lateralized to the right fronto-parietal network. Moreover, we examined the functional connectivity within cortical regions in the right hemisphere. Seed-to-voxel analyses showed that right frontal regions are connected to left frontal parietal and bilateral subcortical areas to support Chinese tone reading. Our connectivity results lend support to the view that both hemispheres participate and interact in processing lexical tones. Together, these results provide significant insights into the neural circuitries involved i

Download or read book The Role of Letter Speech Sound Integration in Typical and Atypical Reading Development written by Jurgen Tijms and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluency is the quintessence of effective reading. To obtain socio-economic success, fluent reading is of primordial importance and reading is considered a crucial marker of an individual’s life course. Approximately 5% of children are affected by developmental dyslexia, exhibiting inaccurate word recognition, spelling, phonological decoding, and most importantly, severely dysfluent reading, which remains as their most characterizing and persistent deficit. Unable to attain society’s literacy demands, individuals with dyslexia are at severe risk for adverse academic, economic, and psychosocial consequences. Recently, it has been posed that the development of automatic letter-speech sound (LSS) integration is critical in the acquisition of fluent reading skills, and in particular that a failure to develop automatic LSS integration results in an impairment of reading fluency. In support, neurocognitive research has suggested that the development of automatized processing of LSS associations is an essential step in the formation of a functional neural network for reading. Furthermore, both neurocognitive and behavioural studies have suggested a less efficient LSS integration in children with dyslexia than in typical readers. Finally, results from intervention studies have suggested that training LSS might be a promising approach to ameliorate dysfluent reading in children with dyslexia. Nonetheless, there is still a considerable gap of knowledge in our understanding of the mechanisms by which learning LSS associations relate to (dys)fluent reading.

Download or read book The Auditory Processing of Speech written by Marten E. Schouten and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-08-30 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A message from a speaker to a listener has to travel a very long way, from an intention on the part of the former, via an acoustic signal, through the transducer stages of the peripheral auditory system. The present book is about the listener. It consists of 35 papers by researchers from a limited number of related fields between the auditory periphery and word recognition, who met in 1991.

Download or read book Early Development of Sound Processing in the Service of Speech and Music Perception written by István Winkler and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-23 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infants have astonishingly sophisticated abilities to process speech and music. It is, as if many of the higher-order capabilities, such as regularity detection, auditory stream segregation, statistical learning, and rhythm processing are already present at birth or develop quite early during infancy, while some “simple” abilities, such as feature discrimination show a much longer developmental trajectory. These higher-order abilities also provide the basis of further cognitive, emotional, and social development, as they form the basis for communicating and thus learning from caretakers and peers. Therefore, understanding the underlying processes is a prime goal of developmental psychology and neuroscience, and it is also essential for creating early interventions for atypically developing infants, such as designing training protocols for infants at risk of auditory developmental deficits.

Download or read book The effect of amplitude compression on the auditory perception of sinusoidal envelopes written by Jon Fredric Urban and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America written by Acoustical Society of America and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamics of Speech Production and Perception written by P.L. Divenyi and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2006-09-20 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea that speech is a dynamic process is a tautology: whether from the standpoint of the talker, the listener, or the engineer, speech is an action, a sound, or a signal continuously changing in time. Yet, because phonetics and speech science are offspring of classical phonology, speech has been viewed as a sequence of discrete events-positions of the articulatory apparatus, waveform segments, and phonemes. Although this perspective has been mockingly referred to as "beads on a string", from the time of Henry Sweet's 19th century treatise almost up to our days specialists of speech science and speech technology have continued to conceptualize the speech signal as a sequence of static states interleaved with transitional elements reflecting the quasi-continuous nature of vocal production. This book, a collection of papers of which each looks at speech as a dynamic process and highlights one of its particularities, is dedicated to the memory of Ludmilla Andreevna Chistovich. At the outset, it was planned to be a Chistovich festschrift but, sadly, she passed away a few months before the book went to press. The 24 chapters of this volume testify to the enormous influence that she and her colleagues have had over the four decades since the publication of their 1965 monograph.

Download or read book Tones and Tunes Experimental studies in word and sentence prosody written by Tomas Riad and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2007 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents 14 experimental studies of lexical tone and intonation in a wide variety of languages. Six papers deal with the discriminability or the function of intonation contours and lexical tones in specific languages, as established on the basis of listener responses, as well as with brain activation patterns resulting from the perception of tonal and intonational stimuli. The remaining eight papers report on detailed phonetic findings on a variety of tonal phenomena in a number of languages, including declination in tone languages, final lowering, consonant-tone interactions and p.

Download or read book Aspects of Tone Sensation written by Reinier Plomp and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dialect Differences in the Production and Perception of Mandarin Chinese Tones written by Chiung-Yun Chang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The production study examined the three main acoustic properties, fundamental frequency (f0), rms amplitude and duration, of the four lexical tones in Beijing Mandarin (BM) and Taiwan Mandarin (TM) produced in isolation and in a sentence-medial position by native female speakers of these two regional dialects. Acoustical and statistical analyses showed cross-dialectal differences in tonal realization, especially for Tone 3 produced in isolation. Specifically, a citation BM Tone 3 has a dipping contour with an inflection point around the mid of the vowel whereas TM Tone 3 has a falling pattern. Similarly, the amplitude envelope of the citation Tone 3 in BM and TM had a double-peak and a falling pattern, respectively. Accordingly, BM Tone 3 in isolation was the only tone that was statistically significantly different from the TM counterpart, with the former being 141 ms longer. In addition, cross-correlation analyses between f0 contours and amplitude contours showed that acoustic divergence in citation Tone 3 resulted in different relational patterns between amplitude contours and f0 contours and among tones in two dialects. Specifically, the low-falling amplitude contour of TM Tone 3 in isolation was highly correctly with the f0 contours of not only Tone 3 and but also Tone 4 which have the similar falling pattern. In contrast, the double-peak amplitude envelope of BM Tone 3 was only correlated to the dipping f0 contour of the same tone. Furthermore, cross-correlation among tonal contours revealed that f0 patterns of isolated TM Tones 3 and 4 were highly correlated with each other (r=0.996) while that of the BM counterpart barely correlated with each other. The perception study investigated the effects of speaker and dialect variability on the time-course of native and nonnative tone identification when no syllable-extrinsic contextual information is available for speaker and dialect normalization. Regardless of the dialects of speakers and listeners, Tone 2 had the longest TIP75%, followed by Tones 3, 4 and 1. As hypothesized, speaker dialect-listener dialect mismatch had differential impacts on the identification of intact and truncated tones, especially citation Tone 3. Perceptual results showed that TM listeners required significantly less acoustic information than the BM and AE counterparts to identified partial TM Tone 3 at 75% correct. Even with complete acoustic information available to listeners, both BM and AE listeners still had significantly lower accuracy of identifying an intact TM Tone 3 produced in isolation. Tonal confusion patterns revealed that BM and AE listeners consistently misidentified TM Tone 3 as Tone 4 but not vice versa while TM listeners made bi-directional misidentification. Interpretations were related to the cross-dialectal differences in the realization of citation Tone 3 and differential experience with its phonetic variants. Most importantly, confusion patterns and sensitivity (d') measures at gate 1 indicated that listeners were able to make low- and high-onset tone distinction and to estimate f0 height from very short multiple-talker stimuli of 30 ms without mediation of gender detection as proposed by Lee (2009).

Download or read book Auditory Prostheses written by Fan-Gang Zeng and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cochlear implants are currently the standard treatment for profound sensorineural hearing loss. In the last decade, advances in auditory science and technology have not only greatly expanded the utility of electric stimulation to other parts of the auditory nervous system in addition to the cochlea, but have also demonstrated drastic changes in the brain in responses to electric stimulation, including changes in language development and music perception. Volume 20 of SHAR focused on basic science and technology underlying the cochlear implant. However, due to the newness of the ideas and technology, the volume did not cover any emerging applications such as bilateral cochlear implants, combined acoustic-electric stimulation, and other types of auditory prostheses, nor did it review brain plasticity in responses to electric stimulation and its perceptual and language consequences. This proposed volume takes off from Volume 20, and expands the examination of implants into new and highly exciting areas. This edited book starts with an overview and introduction by Dr. Fan-Gang Zeng. Chapters 2-9 cover technological development and the advances in treating the full spectrum of ear disorders in the last ten years. Chapters 10-15 discuss brain responses to electric stimulation and their perceptual impact. This volume is particularly exciting because there have been quantum leap from the traditional technology discussed in Volume 20. Thus, this volume is timely and will be of real importance to the SHAR audience.

Download or read book The relationship between music and language written by Lutz Jäncke and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, music and language have been treated as different psychological faculties. This duality is reflected in older theories about the lateralization of speech and music in that speech functions were thought to be localized on the left and music functions on the right hemisphere. But with the advent of modern brain imaging techniques and the improvement of neurophysiological measures to investigate brain functions an entirely new view on the neural and psychological underpinnings of music and speech has evolved. The main point of convergence in the findings of these new studies is that music and speech functions have many aspects in common and that several neural modules are similarly involved in speech and music. There is also emerging evidence that speech functions can benefit from music functions and vice versa. This new research field has accumulated a lot of new information and it is therefore timely to bring together the work of those researchers who have been most visible, productive, and inspiring in this field and to ask them to present their new work or provide a summary of their laboratory's work.

Download or read book Active Cognitive Processing for Auditory Perception written by Shannon Heald and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-26 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: