Download or read book Oil Spills First Principles written by B. Ornitz† and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-06-18 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine oil spills are no longer considered unavoidable "accidents" resulting from adverse environmental conditions or functions of catastrophic events. More than 80% of all spills are the result of "human error". The focus of the current legal, regulatory, and convention framework affecting the transportation of oil by ship reflects a recent change in public attitude, in which there is an insistence upon protection of the world¿s marine environments, particularly coastal ecosystems. The outcome of such global attention is the creation of significant legal and political motivators for a cultural shift by the oil shipping industry, from an "evasion culture" to a "safety culture". The new safety culture connotes continuous improvement in ship operations and a willingness to adopt the evolving concepts of communication at all levels, better trained and qualified personnel on board ship, emphasis of safety from top down, and proactive institution of safety management systems. Mere compliance with international and national laws is no longer sufficient for future sustainable shipping. These changes and advancements in understanding the science and engineering of oil spills are the focus of this book on Oil Spills First Principles. They are Prevention, based upon adoption of the safety culture, and Best Response, utilizing scientific, technical and environmental data and information.Over the past 30 years, billions of US dollars have been spent in R&D planning, response and clean up of oil spills. All of these efforts have focused on achieving Best Response. The concept of time periods of "Technology Windows-of-Opportunity" for a given response and clean up technology has developed from the leadership and wisdom of researchers and responders from many nations using modeling of the weathering of spilled oil and technology effectiveness. The Windows-of-Opportunity strategy provides a scientific basis for policy and decision-making in oil spill planning, response, and training.A global paradigm shift is needed to more effectively utilize and expedite the application of lessons learned in both prevention and clean up. Recognition of economic, political, and legal benefits accruing from environmental protection is good for business and critical for sustainable shipping.

Download or read book A New Direction for Federal Oil Spill Research and Development written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Responding to Oil Spills in the U S Arctic Marine Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. Arctic waters north of the Bering Strait and west of the Canadian border encompass a vast area that is usually ice covered for much of the year, but is increasingly experiencing longer periods and larger areas of open water due to climate change. Sparsely inhabited with a wide variety of ecosystems found nowhere else, this region is vulnerable to damage from human activities. As oil and gas, shipping, and tourism activities increase, the possibilities of an oil spill also increase. How can we best prepare to respond to such an event in this challenging environment? Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill response and environmental assessment in the Arctic region north of the Bering Strait, with emphasis on the potential impacts in U.S. waters. This report describes the unique ecosystems and environment of the Arctic and makes recommendations to provide an effective response effort in these challenging conditions. According to Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment, a full range of proven oil spill response technologies is needed in order to minimize the impacts on people and sensitive ecosystems. This report identifies key oil spill research priorities, critical data and monitoring needs, mitigation strategies, and important operational and logistical issues. The Arctic acts as an integrating, regulating, and mediating component of the physical, atmospheric and cryospheric systems that govern life on Earth. Not only does the Arctic serve as regulator of many of the Earth's large-scale systems and processes, but it is also an area where choices made have substantial impact on life and choices everywhere on planet Earth. This report's recommendations will assist environmentalists, industry, state and local policymakers, and anyone interested in the future of this special region to preserve and protect it from damaging oil spills.

Download or read book 22nd Meeting of the U S Japan Marine Facilities Panel of the United States Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources UJNR October 25 November 4 1998 written by United States-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources. Panel on Marine Facilities. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diluted bitumen has been transported by pipeline in the United States for more than 40 years, with the amount increasing recently as a result of improved extraction technologies and resulting increases in production and exportation of Canadian diluted bitumen. The increased importation of Canadian diluted bitumen to the United States has strained the existing pipeline capacity and contributed to the expansion of pipeline mileage over the past 5 years. Although rising North American crude oil production has resulted in greater transport of crude oil by rail or tanker, oil pipelines continue to deliver the vast majority of crude oil supplies to U.S. refineries. Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines examines the current state of knowledge and identifies the relevant properties and characteristics of the transport, fate, and effects of diluted bitumen and commonly transported crude oils when spilled in the environment. This report assesses whether the differences between properties of diluted bitumen and those of other commonly transported crude oils warrant modifications to the regulations governing spill response plans and cleanup. Given the nature of pipeline operations, response planning, and the oil industry, the recommendations outlined in this study are broadly applicable to other modes of transportation as well.

Download or read book Meeting United States Japan Marine Facilities Panel written by United States-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources. Panel on Marine Facilities. Meeting and published by . This book was released on with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Facility Integrated Contingency Planning written by Thomas M. Socha and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2002-10 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Integrated Contingency Plan (ICP) will minimize duplication in the preparation and use of emergency response plans at the same facility and will improve economic efficiency for both the regulated and regulating communities. Facility expenditures for the preparation, maintenance, submission, and update of a single plan should be much lower than for multiple plans. The ICP format provided in this one-plan guidance is organized into three main sections: an introductory section, a core plan, and a series of supporting annexes.

Download or read book Intelligence Systems in Environmental Management Theory and Applications written by Cengiz Kahraman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-03 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive reference guide to intelligence systems in environmental management. It provides readers with all the necessary tools for solving complex environmental problems, where classical techniques cannot be applied. The respective chapters, written by prominent researchers, explain a wealth of both basic and advanced concepts including ant colony, genetic algorithms, evolutionary algorithms, fuzzy multi-criteria decision making tools, particle swarm optimization, agent-based modelling, artificial neural networks, simulated annealing, Tabu search, fuzzy multi-objective optimization, fuzzy rules, support vector machines, fuzzy cognitive maps, cumulative belief degrees, and many others. To foster a better understanding, all the chapters include relevant numerical examples or case studies. Taken together, they form an excellent reference guide for researchers, lecturers and postgraduate students pursuing research on complex environmental problems. Moreover, by extending all the main aspects of classical environmental solution techniques to its intelligent counterpart, the book presents a dynamic snapshot on the field that is expected to stimulate new directions and stimulate new ideas and developments.

Download or read book The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-04-24 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether the result of an oil well blowout, vessel collision or grounding, leaking pipeline, or other incident at sea, each marine oil spill will present unique circumstances and challenges. The oil type and properties, location, time of year, duration of spill, water depth, environmental conditions, affected biomes, potential human community impact, and available resources may vary significantly. Also, each spill may be governed by policy guidelines, such as those set forth in the National Response Plan, Regional Response Plans, or Area Contingency Plans. To respond effectively to the specific conditions presented during an oil spill, spill responders have used a variety of response optionsâ€"including mechanical recovery of oil using skimmers and booms, in situ burning of oil, monitored natural attenuation of oil, and dispersion of oil by chemical dispersants. Because each response method has advantages and disadvantages, it is important to understand specific scenarios where a net benefit may be achieved by using a particular tool or combination of tools. This report builds on two previous National Research Council reports on dispersant use to provide a current understanding of the state of science and to inform future marine oil spill response operations. The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill included an unprecedented use of dispersants via both surface application and subsea injection. The magnitude of the spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill response, and dispersant use in particular. This study assesses the effects and efficacy of dispersants as an oil spill response tool and evaluates trade-offs associated with dispersant use.

Download or read book Annual Report FY of the Secretary of the Army on Civil Works Activities written by United States. Army. Corps of Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrated Drainage Systems Planning and Design for Municipal Engineers written by Patrick Ssempeera and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-05-05 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban water management has to take an integrated approach that prioritizes sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) over gray infrastructure. This book elaborates on the planning and evaluation of pipework drainage systems with a focus on modern-day constraints to deliver a solution that favors sustainability as the overarching goal. The book includes a technical section on design of gray and green infrastructure, considering the total lifecycle costs of drainage systems. Advanced computer simulation techniques are discussed after covering the derivation of both standard and empirical equations for appropriate hydrology and hydraulics. The book provides an incorporation of reliability analyses for both green and gray infrastructure starting with techniques for forecasting flows, hydraulic performance, and lifecycle costs. The work also involves 3-D modeling, geospatial and big data analysis, and how these techniques are applied into city management—particularly beneficial to municipal engineers who are increasingly becoming involved in mapping the underground. Soil mechanics and subsurface drainage systems are analyzed and structural aspects of sewers are included. Finally, soil behavior in shear, retaining wall structures, and tunneling is briefly featured in the book. This book will be of interest to (under)graduate and postgraduate engineering students, drainage engineers, urban planners, architects, water engineers, developers, construction contractors, and municipal engineers.

Download or read book Marine Pollution Contingency Planning written by Anastasia Telesetsky and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an ever-present threat of catastrophic marine pollution incidents, as illustrated by recent disasters such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Even small-scale accidental pollution discharges can have long-term consequences for marine and coastal resources. The UN Convention on the Law of Sea obliges all States to cooperate to prevent accidents and to minimize environmental damage during emergencies by jointly developing and implementing marine pollution contingency plans. The Asia-Pacific is one of the world’s busiest shipping regions, some of its mega-ports experience high rates of vessel congestion, and there are increasing numbers of offshore installations. Marine pollution prevention planning is thus vital for the region. Marine Pollution Contingency Planning: State Practice in Asia-Pacific States outlines and examines marine pollution contingency planning in Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, Singapore, and the United States.

Download or read book Fiscal Year 1981 Authorization for the Department of Energy and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Power and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 1030 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Occupational and Environmental Health written by Barry S. Levy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-01 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for Previous Editions: "This splendid book [...]is authoritative, well written, and ably edited." - Occupational & Environmental Medicine "The book provides a logical, structured exposition of a diverse multidisciplinary speciality, employing a language and format designed to educate the novice student and seasoned practitioner alike - a vital contribution to the field." - New England Journal of Medicine Occupational and environmental contributions to the occurrence of disease and injury represent a core component of public health and health care. Factors in the workplace and the ambient environment have significant impacts on individual and community health. Occupational and Environmental Health is a comprehensive, practical textbook for understanding how work and environment influence individual and population health. Comprising 40 chapters written by national and international experts, this book combines theory and practical insights to help readers effectively recognize and prevent occupational and environmental disease and injury.

Download or read book Information Engineering of Emergency Treatment for Marine Oil Spill Accidents written by Lin Mu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil spills are a serious marine disaster. Oil spill accidents usually occur in shipping, ports and offshore oil development. Although most are emergent events, once an oil spill occurs, it will cause great harm to the marine ecological environment, and bring direct harm to the economic development along the affected coast as well as to human health and public safety. Information Engineering of Emergency Treatment for Marine Oil Spill Accidents analyzes the causes of these accidents, introduces China's emergency response system, discusses technologies such as remote sensing and monitoring of oil spill on the sea surface and oil fingerprint identification, studies model prediction of marine oil spill behavior and fate and emergency treatment technologies for oil spills on the sea surface, and emphatically introduces the emergency prediction and warning system for oil spills in the Bohai Sea as well as oil spill-sensitive resources and emergency resource management systems. Features: The status quo and causes of marine oil spill pollution, as well as hazards of oil spill on the sea. The emergency response system for marine oil spills. Model-based prediction methods of marine oil spills. A series of used and developing emergency treatments of oil spill on the sea. This book serves as a reference for scientific investigators who want to understand the key technologies for emergency response to marine oil spill accidents, including the current level and future development trend of China in this field.

Download or read book Oceans 96 MTS IEEE written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book PSM RMP Auditing Handbook written by David Einolf and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 1999 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides facility managers with an easy-to-use annotated guide to completing a Process Safety Management/Risk Management Planning (PSM/RMP) audit and determining compliance. Using this reference, you'll learn how to evaluate current regulatory thinking and interpretations and develop a compliant and functioning PSM/RMP program. To simplify your process, the authors provide detailed examples of materials used in compliance audits, extensive examples of compliant programs, and relevant sample documents. PSM/RMP Auditing Handbook presents compliance audit guidelines in a question-and-answer format with the authors' interpretive answers to each. The PSM checklists examine such issues as employee participation, process-safety information, process-hazards analysis, operating procedures, training, contractors, pre-startup safety reviews, hot work permits, incident investigation, and trade secrets. The RMP checklists include worst-case analysis, five-year accident history, management responsibility, document management, safety information, hazard review, operating procedures, training, maintenance, and incident investigations. Special features include a detailed summary of each paragraph of both standards; the complete text of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 40 Part 68 and CFR Title 29 Part 1910.119; and where practical, references to Internet addresses or web pages containing pertinent rules or requirement information.