Download or read book The Relationship of Racial Identity and Gender Identity Attitudes Among College aged African American Women written by Samoan C. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Racial Identity Womanist Identity and Issues Impacting First Year African American College Women At A Predominantly White University A Quantitative and Qualitative Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between racial identity and gender identity in first-year African American college women attending a predominantly White university and to explore the women's views about the salience of race and gender as well as issues impacting them. The Womanist Identity Attitudes Scale (Ossana, Helms & Leonarad, 1992) was used to assess Womanist Identity Development--a stage-wise-model. The Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (Sellers, Rowley, Chavous, Shelton & Smith, 1997) was used to assess the ideologies of the Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI)--a model in which there are no qualitative differences between the ideologies nor an optimal level of development. A focus group format was used to gather information for the qualitative component. Several hypotheses predicting relationships between Womanist identity development and racial identity development could not be addressed due to a lack of representation among most of the Womanist stages. An analysis of descriptive data revealed that, with the excepton of one participant, all members of the sample held Womanist Internalization attitudes. Therefore, the hypotheses relating the other three Womanist stages--Pre-encounter, Encounter, and Immersion/Emersion--with the various MMRI ideologies could not be investigated. To investigate the hypothesis predicting a relationship between the Womanist Internalization stage and the Minority Ideology, chi-square analysis was used. Chi-square analysis comparing actual and expected frequency distributions for the MIBI Ideology scale scores for participants in the Womanist Internalization stage revealed that there was no evidence to suggest that there might be a relationship between the Womanist Internalization stage and the MMRI Minority ideology. Information obtained from the focus group revealed that: (1) race is, by far, more salient than gender; (2) skin color matters; (3) prejudice, discrimination.

Download or read book GENDER AND RACIAL IDENTITY NORMATIVE PERCEPTIONS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG COLLEGE AGED AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN written by Shelly Thornton and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African American women have a compounded risk for chronic disease development, poorer disease-related quality of life, and chronic disease mortality. While regular engagement in physical activity can reduce these risks, African American women are significantly less likely to engage in physical activity when compared to their gender and racial counterparts. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that may contribute to physical activity and protect against physical inactivity among African American women. Social Identity Theory may offer a framework for understanding gender and racial influences on exercise behaviors. Social Identity Theory posits that individuals strengthen their sense of belonging with social groups by adopting normative perceptions, attitudes, values, and behaviors. Prior research has established associations between gender and racial identity and exercise behaviors as well as associations between normative perceptions of physical activity and exercise behavior. Inferences from prior research suggests there is a link between gender and racial identity and normative perceptions of exercise behavior, however this link has not been established. Female gender seems to be a risk factor for physical inactivity across the developmental continuum, however research examining African American cultural influences on physical activity has yielded mixed findings. This dissertation sought to examine gender and racial influences on exercise behavior in a sample of African American college-aged women guided by the Social Identity theoretical framework. More specifically, this study sought to (1) comprehensively measure gender and racial identity domains and compare strengths of identity across these two domains, (2) examine perceived physical activity norms for gender and race, (3) determine whether gender and racial identity predict physical activity, (4) determine whether gender and race-related physical activity norms predict physical activity, and (5) examine links between gender identity and gender-related physical activity norms and links between racial identity and race-related physical activity norms. A total of 188 African American undergraduate women completed an online survey that assessed multiple dimensions of gender and racial identity, normative perceptions of physical activity for gender and race, and exercise behaviors. On average, participants reported strong emotional and psychological connection to other women and African Americans. They also reported strong, positive feelings towards being women and African American. Lastly, participants reported that physical activity was normative for their female friends, African American friends, and normative for broader reference groups of women in general and African Americans in general. Overall, physical activity was perceived by participants to be more normative for African Americans than for women and more normative for broader reference groups of women and African Americans as compared to female and African American friend groups. In terms of predicting physical activity, the full model of Social Identity Theory was not supported for either gender or racial influences; however, results indicated that both positive African American racial identity and perceiving physical activity as normative for one's African Americans friends were positive influences on exercise behaviors. Compared to racial identity, gender identity did not predict physical activity, but positive female gender identity was linked to perceiving exercise as more normative for one's female friends, establishing what appears to be the first empirical link between identity and norms in the social identity theory literature. Clinical implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed, particularly as it relates to increasing and sustaining motivation for exercise among African American Women.

Download or read book Gender and Racial Identity Smoking Norms and Smoking Behaviors Among College Aged African American Women written by Shelly A Thornton and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African American women smoke less than their gender and racial counterparts, yet they face higher risk for smoking-related disease development, disease mortality, and poorer disease related quality of life. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that may contribute to or protect against smoking initiation within this population. Social Identity Theory (SIT) may offer a framework for understanding gender and racial influences on smoking. SIT posits that individuals strengthen their sense of belonging with social groups by adopting sets of normative perceptions, attitudes, values, and behaviors. Prior research has established associations between gender and racial identity, normative perceptions of smoking, and smoking behavior, therefore smoking may be a behavior that reinforces gender and racial identity. Female gender seems to be protective across the developmental continuum, however African American cultural influences on smoking seem to function differently. In adolescence, racial identity seems to protect against smoking, but mixed findings from research studies with adults show variable results with racial identity appearing to be a risk factor for smoking in some results and a protective factor in other results, and this may be related to changing normative perceptions of smoking for African Americans from adolescence to adulthood. To date, the research examining the aforementioned links between gender and racial identity, perceived smoking norms, and smoking behavior can be characterized as preliminary. Existing research also lacks a potential unifying theory and measurement, particularly of gender and racial identity, and has been limited in terms of comprehensiveness and comparability across gender and racial domains. This thesis sought to examine gender and racial influences on smoking behavior in a sample of African American college-aged women guided by the SIT theoretical framework. More specifically, this study sought to (1) comprehensively measure gender and racial identity domains and compare strengths of identity across these two domains, (2) examine perceived gender and racial smoking norms, (3) determine whether gender and racial identity predict smoking behavior, (4) determine whether gender and race-related smoking norms predict smoking behavior, and (5) examine links between gender identity and gender-related smoking norms and links between racial identity and race-related smoking norms. A total of 168 African American undergraduate women completed an online survey that assessed multiple dimensions of gender and racial identity, normative perceptions of smoking for gender and race, and smoking behavior. On average, participants reported strong, positive feelings towards being women and African American. They also reported that smoking is less typical among the narrower reference group of their female, African American friends, but more typical among the broader reference groups of women in general and African Americans in general. Overall, smoking was perceived to be more normative for African Americans than for women. While the full model of SIT was not supported in terms of the influence of gender or racial identity on norms and smoking, results suggest that having strong positive feelings associated with one's identity as a woman may have a marginal influence on smoking behavior. Overall, smoking behavior among African American women was not strongly influenced by gender or racial identity and may be best understood in relation to gender- and race-related smoking norms. Clinical implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed.

Download or read book An Examination of the Relationship Between Skin Color and Racial Identity Among African American Adults written by Reuben L. Malvin and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Relationships Among Racial Identity Attitudes Womanist Identity Attitudes and Self esteem in African American College Women written by Jan Marie Poindexter-Cameron and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Racial Identity Attitudes Race related Stress Coping Strategies and Gender Among African American Students Attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities HBCUS written by Gwendolyn Keith Newsome and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: Cross Racial Identity Scale, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Cognitive Appraisal, African American Women.

Download or read book The Relationships Between Racial Identity Feminist Identity and Psychological Well being in a Sample of African American Women written by Shari Elizabeth Miles and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Why is She So Womanish The Relationship Between Racial Identity Attitudes and Womanist Identity Attitudes in African American College Women written by Katrice Annette Albert and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Racial Discrimination Racial Identity Attitudes and Obesity Among African American Collegiate Women written by Laura Eileen Manns-James and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African American women have poorer pregnancy outcomes than other groups in the U.S., and this disparity is not fully understood. Preconceptional health status, including obesity, influences pregnancy outcomes, and chronic stress may increase obesity via Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. Racial discrimination (RD) as a chronic stressor may contribute to obesity; however racial identity attitudes may reduce negative health effects of race-related stress. This cross-sectional study investigated relationships among three manifestations of interpersonal RD (overt, microaggressions and vicarious), explicit and implicit racial identity attitudes, and objective measures of obesity in 136 collegiate African American women aged 18 to 25 years. Participants were recruited using multiple methods. Correlations and multiple regression were used to answer research questions. Microaggressions explained variance in obesity and central adiposity, with obesity measures increasing as microaggressions rose. Overt RD also explained variance in obesity measures, but inverse relationships were observed. Private regard was significantly inversely correlated with both obesity and central adiposity, and ethnic identity was significantly inversely correlated with waist circumference. Interactions between public regard, centrality, implicit racial identity and all three RD measures explained variance in obesity and central adiposity. A secondary aim was to assess the acceptability of assessing Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis functioning through the use of cortisol derived from hair samples. Few hair cortisol studies to date have included African American participants, and most have focused on older populations. Participants who accepted and declined hair sampling described their reasons via an open-ended written survey question. Seventy-one women (52%) took part in hair sampling.

Download or read book Racial Identity Attitudes Race related Stress Coping Strategies and Gender Among African American Students Attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities HBCUS written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among the dependent variables racial identity attitudes, race-related stress, and coping strategies in a sample of African American students attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUS). The study also investigated the influence of gender on these variables. A quantitative research design was used. The dependent measures used were the Cross Racial Identity Scale (CRIS:Vandiver, et al, 2001), the Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI: Amirkhan, 1990) and the Index of Race-Related Stress- Brief (IRRS-B: Utsey, 1999). The independent measure, gender, was assessed using the demographic survey contained in the CRIS. This was a descriptive study that employed a passive correlation design to determine the presence or absence of relationships among study dependent variables using Pearson product moment correlation. The alpha level was set at .05. Additional GLM multiple analysis of variance and separate univariate analysis of variance were used to determine gender differences among racial identity, coping and race-related stress. The results indicated relationships between racial identity levels and race-related stress. There was evidence that participants with Internalization Multicultural Inclusive identities experienced more race-related stress than those in other racial identity statuses. Evidence also suggests African Americans use Avoidance to cope with race-related stress. Gender differences were found to exist in racial identity development and race-related stress. Women reported more Internalization Multicultural Inclusive racial identity. They also reported more race-related stress than the men in this study. Limitations to the study were noted. Implications from this study suggest counselors at HBCU's take assessments of racial identity development, race-related stress and gender issues as a part of initial screening for counseling services. Implications also suggest some African Americans may.

Download or read book Men s Gender Role Conflict written by James M. O'Neil and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 2015 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Men's gender role conflict is a psychological state in which restrictive definitions of masculinity limit men's well-being and human potential. Gender role conflict (GRC) doesn't just harm boys and men, but also girls and women, transgendered people, and society at large. Extensive research relates men's GRC to myriad behavioral problems, including sexism, violence, homophobia, depression, substance abuse, and relationship issues. This book represents a call to action for researchers and practitioners, graduate students, and other mental healthcare professionals to confront men's GRC and reduce its harmful influence on individuals and society. James O'Neil is a pioneer in men's psychology who conceptualized GRC and created the Gender Role Conflict Scale. In this book, he combines numerous studies from renowned scholars in men's psychology with more than 30 years of his own clinical and research experience to promote activism and challenge the status quo. He describes multiple effects of men's GRC, including success, power, and competition issues restricted emotionality restricted affectionate behavior between men conflicts between men's work and family relations. O'Neil also explains when GRC can develop in a man's gender role journey, how to address it through preventative programs and therapy for boys and men, and what initiatives researchers and clinicians can pursue.

Download or read book The Effects of College Demographics on the Racial and Gender Identity of Black Female College Students written by Antonio L. Neal-De-Stanton and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The purpose of the study was to identify how gender and racial college demographics, and the potential threat of discrimination affect gender and racial identity development. It is hypothesized that: (a) Black female college students at California State University, Long Beach (CSULB) would report lower scores on racial and gender identity attitude scales than the Black female students at California State University, Dominguez Hills (CSUDH); (b) Black female students at CSULB would report more sexist and racist events than the students at CSUDH; (c) in both samples reporting racist events and racial identity would be correlated; and (d) in both samples reporting sexist events and gender identity would be correlated. The results indicated that the participants from CSUDH had higher racial identity scores than those at CSULB. Further analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between reporting racist and sexist events. These finding are consistent with the idea that racial composition affects Black female college studentsʼ identity development. Further considerations and suggestions for additional research are discussed.

Download or read book Racial Identity Attitudes and Body Preferences for Women Among African American Men written by Lotus M. Meshreki and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Impact of Racial Socialization and Racial Identity on Body Dissatisfaction in African American Women College Students written by Desire Shenay Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lack of knowledge exists regarding the sociocultural factors involved in African American women’s experience of body dissatisfaction. This study examined the body image attitudes of African American women through the constructs of racial socialization from family and racial identity. This study was partially exploratory in nature, as few researchers have examined the relation between racial socialization from family and body dissatisfaction. Specifically, this study examined (1) the relationships between endorsement of various racial socialization messages and body dissatisfaction (2) the relationships between racial identity attitudes and body dissatisfaction (3) the role of racial socialization messages and racial identity attitudes in the prediction of body dissatisfaction (4) racial identity attitudes as mediators of the relationship between racial socialization messages and body dissatisfaction. Participants included 187 African American women. The majority of the population was recruited from a large, southwestern, predominantly White university. With regard to racial socialization, results did not support a significant relationship between Protective messages and body dissatisfaction, Coping messages and body dissatisfaction, and Affirmation messages and body dissatisfaction. However, Stereotyping messages were found to be significant and positively related to body dissatisfaction. Results revealed that among racial identity attitudes Pre-Encounter Self-Hatred was significantly and positively related to body dissatisfaction. Findings did not support significant relationships between Pre-Encounter Assimilation, Pre-Encounter Miseducation, Immersion-Emersion Anti-White, Internalization Afrocentric, Internalization Multicultural Inclusive racial identity attitudes and body dissatisfaction. Additionally, Stereotyping messages and Pre-Encounter Self-Hatred were predictive of body dissatisfaction among this sample of African American women. Finally, Pre-Encounter Self-Hatred racial identity attitudes mediated the relationship between Stereotyping messages and body dissatisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Download or read book Racial Identity and Womanist Identity Attitudes Among College educated Black American Women in Traditional and Nontraditional Career Fields written by Erica Lynne King-Toler and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Examining the Relationship Between Racial Identity and Positive Health Behaviors Among African American Emerging Adults written by Jamilia Raki Sly and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial identity is an important factor in predicting health behaviors, especially among African Americans. The history of African Americans in the United States makes racial identity an important concept to study. Racial identity can be described as the degree to which a person feels connected to or shares commonalities with an ethnic racial group (Helms, 1990). African Americans fare much worse than other racial and ethnic minorities in the United States in many areas of health. The purpose of this project was to investigate the relationship between racial identity and health behaviors of African American adults aged 18-25 years old. Two hundred African American emerging adults (18-28 years old) (50% female) were recruited from a university campus and community arts festival to participate in the study. Results yielded three distinct identity profiles (multicultural, integrationist and marginalized). Race was a defining feature of identity for the integrationist cluster. The multicultural profile embraced blending with mainstream culture and other minority groups and the marginalized profile did not identify with any group or ideology. The three profiles were assessed for differences in health behaviors (i.e. substance use, mental health, exercise, number of sexual partners). The marginalized profile displayed lower positive affect, more cigarette smoking and more sexual partners in the past year than the other two profiles. Racial identity may be one way of assessing how participants view the world. The information about why they identify with a certain racial identity profile might help researchers tailor preventive interventions to reducing health disparities. Our findings, however, have shown that racial identity alone is not sufficient in explaining how or why people choose to engage in unhealthy behaviors.