Download or read book The Relationship of Large scale Atmospheric Circulation Patterns to Tornadoes and the Impacts of Climate Change written by Cameron C. Lee and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the shortcomings of contemporary global climate models (GCMs), the impacts of climate change on the frequency and seasonality of tornadoes has not been well studied. Prevailing research on the topic favors an ingredients-based methodology which uses instability, moisture and wind shear estimations derived from GCM output data in order to project the change in the number of favorable environments for severe weather. However, by utilizing synoptic climatological methods, this thesis takes an entirely different approach to directly projecting future tornado occurrence. Using a six-step process, that includes principal components analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant function analysis, this thesis first creates a continental-scale map pattern classification at three levels of the atmosphere, from geopotential height (at 500mb and 700mb) and temperature (850mb) data fields. These patterns are then associated to F2 and stronger United States (US) tornado days from 1957-2002 using binary logistic regression. Then, using output data from two GCMs, spanning five different model emissions scenarios, this synoptic climatology of tornadoes is utilized in order to project the changes in the frequency and seasonality of US tornadoes due to a changing climate. Results indicate that US tornado days will increase anywhere from 3.8% to 12.7% by the 2090s. The majority of this increase is likely to be manifested in the earlier part of the tornado season - from February through April, while a slight decrease is expected over the US as a whole from May through August. In addition to the shift in seasonality, a broadening of the peak tornado season is also noticed under some scenarios - from a one month peak in May in the 20th Century, to a two or three month peak by the end of the 21st Century. Geographically, portions of the Northern and Central Plains, the High Plains, the Lower Great Lakes, the Mid-Atlantic states, and the Southeast are projected to experience an increase in tornado days under some future scenarios. The Upper Great Lakes states and the Southern Plains are projected to experience a decrease in tornado days.
Download or read book Climate and Social Stress written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-14 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change can reasonably be expected to increase the frequency and intensity of a variety of potentially disruptive environmental events-slowly at first, but then more quickly. It is prudent to expect to be surprised by the way in which these events may cascade, or have far-reaching effects. During the coming decade, certain climate-related events will produce consequences that exceed the capacity of the affected societies or global systems to manage; these may have global security implications. Although focused on events outside the United States, Climate and Social Stress: Implications for Security Analysis recommends a range of research and policy actions to create a whole-of-government approach to increasing understanding of complex and contingent connections between climate and security, and to inform choices about adapting to and reducing vulnerability to climate change.
Download or read book Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-28 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters. This Special Report explores the social as well as physical dimensions of weather- and climate-related disasters, considering opportunities for managing risks at local to international scales. SREX was approved and accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on 18 November 2011 in Kampala, Uganda.
Download or read book Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As climate has warmed over recent years, a new pattern of more frequent and more intense weather events has unfolded across the globe. Climate models simulate such changes in extreme events, and some of the reasons for the changes are well understood. Warming increases the likelihood of extremely hot days and nights, favors increased atmospheric moisture that may result in more frequent heavy rainfall and snowfall, and leads to evaporation that can exacerbate droughts. Even with evidence of these broad trends, scientists cautioned in the past that individual weather events couldn't be attributed to climate change. Now, with advances in understanding the climate science behind extreme events and the science of extreme event attribution, such blanket statements may not be accurate. The relatively young science of extreme event attribution seeks to tease out the influence of human-cause climate change from other factors, such as natural sources of variability like El Niño, as contributors to individual extreme events. Event attribution can answer questions about how much climate change influenced the probability or intensity of a specific type of weather event. As event attribution capabilities improve, they could help inform choices about assessing and managing risk, and in guiding climate adaptation strategies. This report examines the current state of science of extreme weather attribution, and identifies ways to move the science forward to improve attribution capabilities.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advancing the Science of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.
Download or read book Climate Impacts on Extreme Weather written by Victor Ongoma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-06-10 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Impacts on Extreme Weather: Current to Future Changes on a Local to Global Scale presents fundamentals and advances in the science of weather and climate extremes, building on the existing knowledge by using regional and global case studies. The book provides an analysis of historical and future changes, physical processes, measurements, space-time variability, socioeconomic impact, and risk management. It provides policy makers, researchers and students working in climate change with a thorough reference for understanding the diverse impacts of extreme weather and climate change on varying geographic scales. With contributions from experts across the globe, the book utilizes methods, case studies, modeling, and analysis to present valuable, up-to-date knowledge about the interaction of climate change, weather and the many implications of the changing environment. Offers comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of climate research related to extremes Includes both regional and global case studies for applying research to practice, providing a deeper understanding of the science Presents both observed and projected findings using primary research and models
Download or read book Climate Change 2021 The Physical Science Basis written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-26 with total page 2410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of the physical science basis of climate change. It considers in situ and remote observations; paleoclimate information; understanding of climate drivers and physical, chemical, and biological processes and feedbacks; global and regional climate modelling; advances in methods of analyses; and insights from climate services. It assesses the current state of the climate; human influence on climate in all regions; future climate change including sea level rise; global warming effects including extremes; climate information for risk assessment and regional adaptation; limiting climate change by reaching net zero carbon dioxide emissions and reducing other greenhouse gas emissions; and benefits for air quality. The report serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with the latest policy-relevant information on climate change. Available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Characteristics of Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Associated with Extreme Temperatures Over North America in Observations and Climate Models written by Paul Loikith and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motivated by a desire to understand the physical mechanisms involved in future anthropogenic changes in extreme temperature events, the key atmospheric circulation patterns associated with extreme daily temperatures over North America in the current climate are identified. Several novel metrics are used to systematically identify and describe these patterns for the entire continent. The orientation, physical characteristics, and spatial scale of these circulation patterns vary based on latitude, season, and proximity to important geographic features (i.e., mountains, coastlines). The anomaly patterns associated with extreme cold events tend to be similar to, but opposite in sign of, those associated with extreme warm events, especially within the westerlies, and tend to scale with temperature in the same locations. The influence of the Pacific North American (PNA) pattern, the Northern Annular Mode (NAM), and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on extreme temperature days and months shows that associations between extreme temperatures and the PNA and NAM are stronger than associations with ENSO. In general, the association with extremes tends to be stronger on monthly than daily time scales. Extreme temperatures are associated with the PNA and NAM in locations typically influenced by these circulation patterns; however many extremes still occur on days when the amplitude and polarity of these patterns do not favor their occurrence. In winter, synoptic-scale, transient weather disturbances are important drivers of extreme temperature days; however these smaller scale events are often concurrent with amplified PNA or NAM patterns. Associations are weaker in summer when other physical mechanisms affecting the surface energy balance, such as anomalous soil moisture content, are associated with extreme temperatures. Analysis of historical runs from seventeen climate models from the CMIP5 database suggests that most models simulate realistic circulation patterns associated with extreme temperature days in most places. Model-simulated patterns tend to resemble observed patterns better in the winter than the summer and at 500 hPa than at the surface. There is substantial variability among the suite of models analyzed and most models simulate circulation patterns more realistically away from influential features such as large bodies of water and complex topography.
Download or read book Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States written by U.S. Global Change Research Program and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-24 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the science of climate change and impacts on the United States, for the public and policymakers.
Download or read book Tornadoes and Dust Whirls written by Robert R. Long and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Spatial Synoptic Classification Approach to Projected Heat Vulnerability in California Under Future Climate Change Scenarios written by Scott Christopher Sheridan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Florida Weather and Climate written by Jennifer M. Collins and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An outstanding explanation of Florida weather and climate processes and phenomena. A valuable read for all residents of the Sunshine State who spend time outdoors or on the water."—Jason C. Senkbeil, University of Alabama "A unique and detailed overview of Florida weather as it relates to both small and large scale atmospheric circulations. A must-read for those interested in what makes Florida’s weather so interesting."—Steven Lazarus, Florida Institute of Technology Florida is home to two of the world’s major types of climate—tropical wet-dry and humid subtropical. It ranks among the top states for tornadoes and is more frequently affected by lightning and thunderstorms than any other state. Florida is vulnerable to fog, drought, and wildfires. And it is notorious for its most prominent natural event—the hurricane. This book explores the conditions, forces, and processes behind Florida’s surprisingly varied and dynamic weather. The authors discuss Florida’s location, landscape, and population, as well as the position of the sun and the importance of evaporation and condensation. They explain the influence of atmospheric circulation patterns such as the Hadley Cell, the Coriolis force, and the Bermuda-Azores High. They also describe the qualities of cold, warm, stationary, and occluded fronts and how they generate precipitation and freezes. In addition to revealing why severe weather systems and phenomena like hail and lightning occur, the book also reviews the procedures in place to track and measure these events and warn citizens in danger. Major weather incidents from Florida’s history are narrated, including often overlooked accidents caused by smoke and fog. After showing how climate has changed in the past, the authors look ahead to what further climate change would mean for the future. With many maps, helpful diagrams, and clear explanations, this book is an illuminating and accessible guide to Florida’s dramatic weather and climate.
Download or read book Preliminary Report on Tornadoes written by United States. Weather Bureau and published by . This book was released on 1943 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EOS Science Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on Tornadoes Assessment of Knowledge and Implications for Man June 22 24 1976 Texas Tech University written by Richard Emil Peterson and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic and Societal Impacts of Tornadoes written by Kevin Simmons and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-22 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For almost a decade, economists Kevin M. Simmons and Daniel Sutter have been studying the economic effects and social consequences of the approximately 1,200 tornadoes that touch down across the United States annually. During this time, they have compiled information from sources such as NOAA and the U.S. Census Bureau to examine the casualties caused by tornadoes and to evaluate the National Weather Service (NWS)’s efforts to reduce these casualties. Their unique database has enabled this fascinating and game-changing study for meteorologists, social scientists, emergency managers, and everyone studying severe weather, policy, disaster management, or applied economics.
