Download or read book Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Working Memory and Inhibition written by Donna Bayliss and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Interdependence of Inhibition Working Memory and Cognitive Flexibility in Self regulated Behavior and Intellectual Ability written by Thomas P. Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a rich literature examining the relationship between inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility as individual components of self-regulated behavior and intellectual ability. Traditionally, papers have focused on specific deficits in these executive functions, often with the goal of identifying clinical groups. There has been comparatively less attention, however, on the combined contribution of these executive functions in producing self-regulated behavior among non-clinical participants. Therefore, the current study sought to address the following research questions: (a) What is the relative contribution of inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in self-regulated behavior? (b) Are all of the component parts of self-regulatory behavior equally contributory or is one or more parts more influential? and (c) What is the relationship between the component parts and intellectual functioning? In order to answer these questions, 50 healthy children between the ages of 8 and 12 with no reported history of psychopathology or special education classifications were tested using measures of inhibition (D-KEFS Color-Word Interference Test), working memory (WCJ-III Numbers Reversed and Auditory Working Memory subtests), cognitive flexibility (D-KEFS Trail Making Test) and intellectual ability (WCJ-III Brief Intellectual Ability scale). Obtained scores were correlated with and regressed upon the parent form of the Achenbach Child Behavioral Check-List (CBCL/6-18). The results indicated that both inhibition and working memory correlated with only the ADHD Index of the CBCL, with the two constructs emerging stronger when combined than either examined independently. Working memory and cognitive flexibility correlated with all measured aspects of intellectual ability, with working memory correlating stronger for males but cognitive flexibility correlating equally as strong for males and females. Overall, the results indicated consistently that working memory was a stronger predictor than inhibition and cognitive flexibility. The present findings might aid clinicians and educators by increasing awareness of the relationship between executive functions, self-regulated behavior, and intellectual ability. This work may also provide a specific direction for future research into the complementary and component elements of executive functioning. Extrapolation of these results, however, should be interpreted with caution until future analyses based upon a larger sample size and more objective assessment instruments are completed.
Download or read book Variation in Working Memory written by Andrew Conway and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-13 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Working memory--the ability to keep important information in mind while comprehending, thinking, and acting--varies considerably from person to person and changes dramatically during each person's life. Understanding such individual and developmental differences is crucial because working memory is a major contributor to general intellectual functioning. This volume offers a state-of-the-art, integrative, and comprehensive approach to understanding variation in working memory by presenting explicit, detailed comparisons of the leading theories. It incorporates views from the different research groups that operate on each side of the Atlantic, and covers working-memory research on a wide variety of populations, including healthy adults, children with and without learning difficulties, older adults, and adults and children with neurological disorders. A particular strength of this volume is that each research group explicitly addresses the same set of theoretical questions, from the perspective of both their own theoretical and experimental work and from the perspective of relevant alternative approaches. Through these questions, each research group considers their overarching theory of working memory, specifies the critical sources of working memory variation according to their theory, reflects on the compatibility of their approach with other approaches, and assesses their contribution to general working memory theory. This shared focus across chapters unifies the volume and highlights the similarities and differences among the various theories. Each chapter includes both a summary of research positions and a detailed discussion of each position. Variation in Working Memory achieves coherence across its chapters, while presenting the entire range of current theoretical and experimental approaches to variation in working memory.
Download or read book Developmental Dyscalculia written by Jörg-Tobias Kuhn and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-20 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume aims to further our understanding of developmental dyscalculia and measures that might help to redress it. In addition to recent research findings highlighting the importance of working memory facets in developmental dyscalculia and investigating the IQ-achievement discrepancy criterion in defining the disorder, a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of interventions for children with mathematical difficulties provides new directions for how affected children can best be helped.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging written by Ayanna K. Thomas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 1019 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that normal aging is accompanied by cognitive change. Much of this change has been conceptualized as a decline in function. However, age-related changes are not universal, and decrements in older adult performance may be moderated by experience, genetics, and environmental factors. Cognitive aging research to date has also largely emphasized biological changes in the brain, with less evaluation of the range of external contributors to behavioral manifestations of age-related decrements in performance. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge cognitive aging research through the lens of a life course perspective that takes into account both behavioral and neural changes. Focusing on the fundamental principles that characterize a life course approach - genetics, early life experiences, motivation, emotion, social contexts, and lifestyle interventions - this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in cognition, aging, and gerontology.
Download or read book Heterogeneity of Function in Numerical Cognition written by Avishai Henik and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogeneity of Function in Numerical Cognition presents the latest updates on ongoing research and discussions regarding numerical cognition. With great individual differences in the development or function of numerical cognition at neuroanatomical, neuropsychological, behavioral, and interactional levels, these issues are important for the achievement of a comprehensive understanding of numerical cognition, hence its brain basis, development, breakdown in brain-injured individuals, and failures to master mathematical skills. These functions are essential for the proper development of numerical cognition. Provides an innovative reference on the emerging field of numerical cognition and the branches that converge on this diverse cognitive domain Includes an overview of the multiple disciplines that comprise numerical cognition Focuses on factors that influence numerical cognition, such as language, executive attention, memory and spatial processing Features an innovative organization with each section providing a general overview, developmental research, and evidence from neurocognitive studies
Download or read book Inhibition in Cognition written by David S. Gorfein and published by American Psychological Association (APA). This book was released on 2007 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gorfein and MacLeod have compiled a collection of chapters written by top researchers in psychology discussing the concept of inhibition at the level of cognition and behavior. This work thoroughly addresses the concept of inhibition and covers the broad range of cognition, from attention and performance through memory and language.
Download or read book International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 1996 Volume 11 written by Cary Cooper and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-07-07 with total page 1419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eleventh in a series of annual volumes which provide authoritative reviews in the field of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. The chapters are written by established experts and the topics are carefully chosen to reflect the major concerns in the research literature and in current practice. Each chapter offers a comprehensive and critical survey of a chosen topic, and is supported by a valuable bibliography. Topics for future volumes in the series will be selected for their importance and relevance at that time, so that the series will be the main authoritative and current guide to important areas and developments in the field of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, for professional psychologists, managers and scholors.
Download or read book Aggregated Search written by Jaime Arguello and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive summary of the research in aggregated search. It also surveys different evaluation methodologies for aggregated search and discusses prior user studies aimed at better understanding how users behave with aggregated search interfaces. It concludes by reviewing different advanced topics in aggregated search.
Download or read book Relationships Among Attention working Memory Executive Functions and Aspects of Explicit Memory in Neurologically Impaired Adults written by Jessi Carolina Gandolfi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this dissertation was to elucidate relationships among attention/working memory, executive functions, and aspects of explicit memory. The two measures of attention/working memory were: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) Digit Span Scaled Score and the Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) Trial 1 Raw Score. The three executive function variables were: the WAIS-R Similarities Subtest Scaled Score, the Trail Making Test, Part B seconds to complete, and the Stroop Color and Word Test, Color Word Trial Raw Score. The three explicit memory measures were: learning, RAVLT Sum of Trials 2 through 5; recall, RAVLT Delayed Recall Trial; recognition, RAVLT Recognition Trial. The sample consisted of 105 male veterans diagnosed with a neurological disorder ranging in age from 27-77 years old (Mean=46.69). Bivariate correlations revealed significant relationships between attention/working memory and the executive functions of abstraction, mental flexibility, and cognitive inhibition. Findings from hierarchical multiple regressions (HMRs) indicated that attention/working memory significantly contributed to the executive functions of abstraction and cognitive inhibition after controlling for the influences of age and education. HMRs also revealed that attention/working memory contributed significantly to all three aspects of explicit memory (learning, recall, and recognition) after controlling for the influences of age and education. There was also evidence that the relationship between attention/working memory and aspects of explicit memory (learning, recall, and recognition) moderated by executive abilities. Abstraction moderated the relationship between attention/working memory and all three aspects of explicit memory, while mental flexibility and cognitive inhibition moderated the relationship between attention/working memory and recognition memory. These findings provide further evidence in support of the construct of executive attention, which suggests that the there is an executive control system that influences how information is encoded, learned, and ultimately remembered. Study limitations, future research directions, and clinical implications were presented.
Download or read book The Nature of Human Intelligence written by Robert J. Sternberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an overview of leading scholars' approaches to understanding the nature of intelligence, its measurement, its investigation, and its development.
Download or read book A Less Simple View of Reading written by Jane McClure and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study examines the influencing effect of executive functions, specifically inhibition and working memory, on the relationship between decoding and reading comprehension. The current research suggests that the decoding-comprehension relationship is likely more complex than past theoretical models have postulated. Recently, the idea that non-linguistic cognitive skills may be responsible for this relationship has gained traction. As a part of the NHLP, a longitudinal cohort study conducted in New Haven, Connecticut, 256 students were asked to complete reading and executive function measures, as the children progressed through grade 1 and 2. These measures included tasks independently designed to assess decoding, working memory, inhibition and vocabulary, as well as two separate measures of reading comprehension. Results showed that inhibition acted as a significant mediator in both the decoding-comprehension and vocabulary-comprehension relationships. The results also showed that working memory acted as a significant moderator of the direct effect in the decoding-comprehension relationship, but did not moderate the vocabulary-comprehension relationship. These findings support the idea that decoding and language alone are not solely responsible for reading comprehension performance, and that other non-linguistic factors must be taken into consideration. Better understanding the decoding-comprehension relationship has important implications for teaching practice, and early identification and intervention required for exceptional learners.
Download or read book Uncommon Understanding Classic Edition written by Dorothy V. M. Bishop and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a Classic Edition of Dorothy Bishop's award-winning textbook on the development of language comprehension, which has been in print since 1997, and now includes a new introduction from the author. The book won the British Psychological Society book award in 1999, and is now widely seen as a classic in the field of developmental language disorders. Uncommon Understanding provides a comprehensive account of the process of comprehension, from the reception of an acoustic signal, to the interpretation of communicative intentions, and integrates a vast field of research on language acquisition, psycholinguistics and neuropsychology. In the new introduction Dorothy Bishop reflects on the organization of the book, and developments in the field since the book was first published. A major theme in the book is that comprehension should not be viewed as a unitary skill – to understand spoken language one needs the ability to classify incoming speech sounds, to relate them to a "mental lexicon," to interpret the propositions encoded by word order and grammatical inflections, and to use information from the environmental and social context to grasp an intended meaning. Another important theme is that although neuropsychological and experimental research on adult comprehension provides useful concepts and methods for assessing comprehension, it should be applied with caution, because a sequential, bottom-up information processing model of comprehension is ill-suited to the developmental context. Although the main focus of the book is on research and theory, rather than practical matters of assessment and intervention, the theoretical framework presented in the book will continue to help clinicians develop a clearer understanding of what comprehension involves, and how different types of difficulty may be pin-pointed.
Download or read book Emerging Themes in Cognitive Development written by Mark L. Howe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Themes in Cognitive Development, Volumes I and II offer the full spectrum of current knowledge and research trends in cognitive developmental psychology. The first volume provides a foundation by describing key discoveries in new areas of research and by thoroughly examining fundamental aspects of the field, including several demonstrations of formal modeling; the gains in prediction and precision that can be won by such mathematical analyses are the hallmark of cognitive development as a maturing science. The second volume traces the development of cognitive competence - denoting a change or increment in cognitive proficiency, understanding, or mastery - and includes analyses of innovative and previously unpublished studies. The primary challenge issued by many of the authors in this volume is to ensure the incorporation of new knowledge into educational practices. These volumes, which are milestones in cognitive developmental psychology, interest every researcher in the field.
Download or read book Working Memory and Neurodevelopmental Disorders written by Tracy Packiam Alloway and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-08-06 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Short-term or working memory - the capacity to hold and manipulate information mentally over brief periods of time - plays an important role in supporting a wide range of everyday activities, particularly in childhood. Children with weak working memory skills often struggle in key areas of learning and, given its impact on cognitive abilities, the identification of working memory impairments is a priority for those who work with children with learning disabilities. Working Memory and Neurodevelopmental Disorders supports clinical assessment and management of working memory deficits by summarising the current theoretical understanding and methods of assessment of working memory. It outlines the working memory profiles of individuals with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders (including Down's syndrome, Williams syndrome, Specific Language Impairment, and ADHD), and identifies useful means of alleviating the anticipated learning difficulties of children with deficits of working memory. This comprehensive and informative text will appeal to academics and researchers in cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and developmental psychology, and will be useful reading for students in these areas. Educational psychologists will also find this a useful text, as it covers the role of working memory in learning difficulties specific to the classroom.
Download or read book The Development of Working Memory written by Anik de Ribaupierre and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue of the International Journal of Behavioral Development brings together research on the development of working memory that arises within two quite different approaches.
