Download or read book Hormonal Contraception and Post menopausal Hormonal Therapy written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 1999 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluates evidence for an increased risk of cancer in women using combined oral contraceptives, progestogen-only hormonal contraceptives, post-menopausal estrogen therapy, and post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy. Although the carcinogenicity of these preparations has been extensively investigated, the book stresses the many complex methodological issues that must be considered when interpreting findings and weighing results. Evidence of an association between use of these preparations and positive effects on health, including a reduced risk of some cancers, is also critically assessed. The first and most extensive monograph evaluates evidence of an association between the use of combined oral contraceptives and cancer at nine sites. Concerning breast cancer, the evaluation concludes that, even if the association is causal, the excess risk for breast cancer associated with patterns of use that are typical today is very small. Studies of predominantly high-dose preparations found an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of hepatitis viruses. Citing these findings, the evaluation concludes that there is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of combined oral contraceptives. The evaluation also found sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of some, but not all, combined preparations in animals. Combined oral contraceptives were classified as carcinogenic to humans. The evaluation also cites conclusive evidence that these agents have a protective effect against cancers of the ovary and endometrium. Progestogen-only contraceptives are evaluated in the second monograph, which considers the association with cancer at six sites. The evaluation found no evidence of an increased risk for breast cancer. Although the evaluation found sufficient evidence in animals for the carcinogenicity of medroxyprogesterone acetate, evidence for the carcinogenicity of progestogen-only contraceptives in humans was judged inadequate. Progestogen-only contraceptives were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The third monograph, on post-menopausal estrogen therapy, considers evidence of an association with cancer at eight sites. Findings from a large number of epidemiological studies indicate a small increase in the risk of breast cancer in women who have used these preparations for five years or more. Studies consistently show an association between use of post-menopausal estrogen therapy and an increased risk for endometrial cancer. Data on the association with other cancers were either inconclusive or suggested no effect on risk. The evaluation concludes that post-menopausal estrogen therapy is carcinogenic to humans. The final monograph evaluates the association between the use of post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy and cancer at four sites. The evaluation of limited data on breast cancer found an increased relative risk observed with long-term use. Data were judged insufficient to assess the effects of past use and of different progestogen compounds, doses, and treatment schedules. For endometrial cancer, the evaluation found an increase in risk relative to non-users when the progestogen was added to the cycle for 10 days or fewer. Post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Concerning post-menopausal therapy in general, the book notes that evidence of carcinogenic risks must be placed in perspective of potential benefits. The prevention of osteoporotic fractures is cited as the best-established benefit. Evidence also suggests that estrogen prevents heart disease and may prevent memory loss and dementia.

Download or read book Colposcopy and Treatment of Cervical Precancer OP written by Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Walter Prendiville and published by . This book was released on 2017-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This colposcopy manual was developed in the context of the cervical cancer screening research studies of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the related technical support provided to national programs. It is thus a highly comprehensive manual, both for the training of new colposcopists and for the continuing education and reorientation of those who are more experienced. This manual offers a valuable learning resource, incorporating recent developments in the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), as well as in colposcopy and cervical pathology. Expertise in performing satisfactory, safe, and accurate colposcopic examinations requires high competence in the technical, interpretive, and cognitive aspects, and the capability to develop pragmatic and effective management plans and treatment. This comprehensive and concise manual covers all these aspects and serves as a useful handbook for acquiring the necessary skills for the visual recognition and interpretation of colposcopic findings and for developing the personal and professional attributes required for competence in colposcopy.

Download or read book Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Control written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most women who die from cervical cancer, particularly in developing countries, are in the prime of their life. They may be raising children, caring for their family, and contributing to the social and economic life of their town or village. Their death is both a personal tragedy, and a sad and unnecessary loss to their family and their community. Unnecessary, because there is compelling evidence, as this Guide makes clear, that cervical cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable forms of cancer, as long as it is detected early and managed effectively. Unfortunately, the majority of women in developing countries still do not have access to cervical cancer prevention programmes. The consequence is that, often, cervical cancer is not detected until it is too late to be cured. An urgent effort is required if this situation is to be corrected. This Guide is intended to help those responsible for providing services aimed at reducing the burden posed by cervical cancer for women, communities and health systems. It focuses on the knowledge and skills needed by health care providers, at different levels of care.

Download or read book Clinical Gynecology written by Eric J. Bieber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 1127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written with the busy practice in mind, this book delivers clinically focused, evidence-based gynecology guidance in a quick-reference format. It explores etiology, screening, tests, diagnosis, and treatment for a full range of gynecologic health issues. The coverage includes the full range of gynecologic malignancies, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, infectious diseases, urogynecologic problems, gynecologic concerns in children and adolescents, and surgical interventions including minimally invasive surgical procedures. Information is easy to find and absorb owing to the extensive use of full-color diagrams, algorithms, and illustrations. The new edition has been expanded to include aspects of gynecology important in international and resource-poor settings.

Download or read book The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology written by Ritu Nayar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-13 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers clear, up-to-date guidance on how to report cytologic findings in cervical, vaginal and anal samples in accordance with the 2014 Bethesda System Update. The new edition has been expanded and revised to take into account the advances and experience of the past decade. A new chapter has been added, the terminology and text have been updated, and various terminological and morphologic questions have been clarified. In addition, new images are included that reflect the experience gained with liquid-based cytology since the publication of the last edition in 2004. Among more than 300 images, some represent classic examples of an entity while others illustrate interpretative dilemmas, borderline cytomorphologic features or mimics of epithelial abnormalities. The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, with its user-friendly format, is a “must have” for pathologists, cytopathologists, pathology residents, cytotechnologists, and clinicians.

Download or read book Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer written by International Agency for Research on Cancer and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the evidence for a causal link between sexually transmitted infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and the occurrence of cervical cancer, from a variety of different angles. Epidemiological studies and clinical, pathological, and cytological aspects of HPV infection are reviewed. Modern methods for analyzing HPV-DNA types by molecular biological techniques are described, and the statistical problems to be overcome in epidemiological work are explained. The volume was prepared by a broad team of experts from around the world, who met in Copenhagen in March 1988 to reach a consensus on the present state of understanding and to establish directions for future work.

Download or read book Journal of the National Cancer Institute written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Colposcopy and Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia written by John W. Sellors and published by International Agency for Research on Cancer. This book was released on 2003 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many women in developing countries, such as sub-Saharan Africa, south and south-east Asia, and central and south America, there is a high risk of cervical cancer, but a lack of effective programmes to detect and treat such a problem. This introductory manual is intended to simply the learning of colposcopy (a diagnostic and evaluation method for cervical intraepithelia neoplasia, or cervical cancer).

Download or read book Oral Contraceptives and Neoplasia written by WHO Scientific Group on Oral Contraceptives and Neoplasia and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Cervix written by Joseph Jordan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-08 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At over 600 pages, with more than 400 illustrations and photographs this text spans everything from embryology to the emotional trauma women undergo when their cervix is removed at hysterectomy. This is also the most up-to-date text in the field - The editors have referenced work to 2006(and will continue to until the text goes to press), whilst still including all the classic research material and images where appropriate. Essential for gynecologists, oncologists, basic scientists especially those involved in HPV (viral)research, GPs, nurses, colposcopy prctitioners, and sexual transmitted disease doctors The only definitive major clinical reference book published on the cervix for thirty years Including the most up-to-date research on HPV including up-to-date vaccine trial data Highly illustrated in colour including many surgical procedures Spanning the entire field from embryology to cancer to emotional trauma International editorship, with leading names in the field Cervical cancer is the second biggest cause of female cancer mortality worldwide and therefore relevant to the developing and developed world Specific chapters related to management of cervical cancer in the developing world Summaries of recommendations by international bodies including the IARC conference (Lyon 2004), dealing with cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment The Editors, Jordan and Singer, are the co-founders of the British Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology

Download or read book Obesity and Gynecology written by Tahir A. Mahmood and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-06-11 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity and Gynecology, Second Edition, presents updated chapters on a variety of topics, ranging from adolescent obesity, contraception, assisted reproduction and sexual dysfunction, to bariatric surgery and improving semen parameters. The prevalence of obesity in men and women continues to dramatically increase around the world. Obesity presents specific challenges in relation to male and female infertility and general gynecology. Patients who are obese require specific considerations and knowledge. - Presents an essential reference on the significant risks of obesity related to contraception, male and female infertility, and general gynecology - Builds foundational knowledge, showing how obesity relates to general gynecology, including menstrual disorders, breasts cancer, menopause and sexual dysfunction - Assembles critically evaluated chapters that focus on obesity and gynecology to meet the practical needs of gynecologists, endocrinologists and general practitioners

Download or read book Diagnostic Gynecologic and Obstetric Pathology E Book written by Christopher P. Crum and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-02-16 with total page 1217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drs. Christopher P. Crum, Marisa R. Nucci, and Kenneth R. Lee help you diagnose neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the female reproductive tract with their comprehensive update of Diagnostic Gynecologic and Obstetric Pathology. This 2nd Edition provides all of the latest guidance needed to accurately evaluate pathologic features and morphologic patterns. With 650+ new color images, an appendix with algorithms for the use of biomarkers, key points, diagnostic pearls, and more... this title is a must-have for today’s pathologist. Find distinct diagnostic/differential diagnostic criteria for any potential obstetric/gynecologic specimen encountered in practice. Integrate exfoliative cytology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular/genetic testing together with findings gleaned from the traditional open surgical biopsy. Examine the cytologic features of specimens taken from the uterine cervix and corpus, following the Bethesda classification of these lesions. View more than 2,250 full-color photographs and photomicrographs, ideal for side-by-side comparison to the specimens seen in the laboratory. Make better decisions regarding complex pregnancy situations with a new chapter devoted to the "Placental Correlates of Unanticipated Fetal Death." Experience easier reference with key points and diagnostic pearls at the end of each chapter, and a new appendix on algorithms for the use of biomarkers. Update your cancer assessment skills with the restructured section on pelvic epithelial malignancies, including a new chapter on "Assessing Pelvic Cancer Risk and Intercepting Early Malignancy." Gain the professional insights of new co-editor Dr. Marissa Nucci, an associate professor in pathology at the Harvard Medical School.

Download or read book Gynaecological Oncology for the MRCOG and Beyond written by Nigel Acheson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary approach to the care of women with gynaecological cancer - with treatment delivered in linked local or specialist centres - has been established in the UK. The second edition of this book therefore includes chapters which focus on the multidisciplinary approach. Chapters on pathology, radiology, chemotherapy and radiotherapy will increase understanding of these disciplines that are central to the care of women with gynaecological cancers. Chapters on laparoscopic surgery, basic surgical principles, palliative care, emergencies and treatment-related complications provide additional information. All content has been updated to reflect current practice and present the latest evidence on investigation, staging and management. The book is primarily designed to provide a comprehensive summary for candidates preparing for the Part 2 MRCOG examination, and as such covers the RCOG curriculum for gynaecological oncology. It is also a valuable guide for all healthcare professionals working in the field, including trainees, consultants and midwives.

Download or read book Pathology of the Female Genital Tract written by A. Blaustein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 965 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The response to the First Edition of this text confirmed our belief that there was a need for a book of this kind. The multi-authored approach has been retained, ensuring that authoritative, current information is incorporated into each chapter and that references are up-to-date. The section on diseases of the vagina has been enhanced by a greater emphasis on the clinical aspects. The chapter on DES induced lesions has been updated with the data of the DeSAD study and the section on adenocar cinoma of the cervix has been enlarged by the description of the undifferenti ated lesions including "glassy cell and signet cell" carcinoma. A departure from the traditional chapter approach has been made in the discussion of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in order to present a conceptual view of these diseases. A similar presentation of diseases of the myometrium has been made. The subjects of lymphomas and mesenchymal tumors of the ovary have been enlarged upon and presented in a separate chapter. Fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors and of non malignant disorders of the ovary has become an increasingly useful technique. Two new chapters have been added to cover this subject. Many of the changes made in the second edition were in response to reviewers of the First Edition. It is hoped that their constructive suggestions have been addressed. Ancel Blaustein, M.D.

Download or read book The Walnut Creek Contraceptive Drug Study written by Savitri Ramcharan and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Practical Guide to Oral Exams in Obstetrics and Gynecology written by Görker Sel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, based on non-interactive question-and-answer format, offers an essential guide for medical students who need to prepare for oral exams or clinical visits. Starting from specific clinical situations the volume provides clear questions on the theory related to the cases. Each question is followed by correct answers that summarize the main information. Suggested reading are included to deepen the topics and enhance the readers knowledge. Accordingly, this practical guide will help students get ready for their oral exams, and help prepare young residents for their first clinical cases.

Download or read book Use of Contraception and Use of Family Planning Services in the United States 1982 2002 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: