Download or read book The Relationship Among Religiosity Internalized Homonegativity and HIV Testing Intent in a Sample of Latino Men who Have Sex with Men written by Gabriel Robles and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Latinos represented 18% of the 42,655 new HIV diagnoses in 2007, and Latino males account for 76% of these diagnoses. The most common exposure category was men who have sex with men (MSM). Research suggests that MSM who have low levels of religiosity and internalized homonegativity (IH) were more likely to have developed healthy coping mechanisms that could aid HIV prevention. Studies suggest that MSM who know their status are more likely to practice safer-sex. This study aims to explore the relationship between religiosity, IH, and HIV testing intent. A self-report survey was administered to a convenience sample at gay clubs in Los Angeles County. Results from bivariate analyses revealed significant associations for HIV testing intent and IH (phi = .19, p = .05), and the religious hope subscale (phi = .19, p = .05). The impact of IH and religiosity is important to consider for HIV testing awareness.
Download or read book HIV Testing Among Young Latino Men who Have Sex with Men MSM written by Larissa Stassek and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States HIV incidence among young men who have sex with men (MSM) is increasing. Young Latino MSM are disproportionately affected by HIV infection and delayed diagnosis. HIV-related and homosexual-related stigma have been proposed as possible barriers to HIV testing. This study reports on baseline data from a longitudinal cohort of 50 young Latino immigrant MSM (ages 18-30 years) living in Seattle, Washington. The men were recruited using respondent driven sampling and interviewed using audio computer-assisted self-interviews. The interviews assessed sociodemographic characteristics, sexual risk factors, stigma (internalized HIV-related stigma, anticipated HIV-related stigma, and internalized homosexual stigma), HIV testing history, and intentions to test for HIV in the next three months. Bivariate and multivariate analyses focused on the relations between sociodemographic characteristics, stigma, and past HIV testing; similar analyses were conducted for intentions to test for HIV in the next three months. Eighty-two percent of our sample had undergone HIV testing in their lifetime, but only 60% intended to test for HIV in the next three months. Among all three types of stigma, anticipated HIV-related stigma had the highest average score. In the bivariate logistic regression analysis, having more education, having a current male sexual partner, and self-identifying as homosexual or bisexual/other were significantly associated with increased odds of ever having tested for HIV. In addition, in the bivariate analysis, participants currently married or in a formal or informal partnership or living with someone were less likely to intend to test for HIV in the next three months when compared with single or previously married individuals. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, only higher level of education and self-identifying as homosexual or bisexual/other were significantly associated with increased odds of having ever tested for HIV. None of the three types of stigma were significantly associated with past testing or with intent to test for HIV in the next three months. The findings suggest that Latino MSM most in need of outreach may be less-educated men who do not identify as homosexual or bisexual. Further evaluation of the association between the different types of stigma and HIV testing are warranted for this cohort of men, using the longitudinal data.
Download or read book Effects of Internalized Homonegativity and Gender of Past Sexual Partners on the Relationship Between High risk Behaviors and HIV Serostatus written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background : Internalized homonegativity (IH) has been associated with increased HIV risk-behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM). 'Invisibility' of sexual orientation, intentional 'concealment' of sexual preferences, and 'perceived discrimination' relate closely with factors of internalized homophobia or internalized homonegativity validated in previous literature. IH may operate differently for exclusive MSM than for men who have sex with men and women (MSMW). Differential effects of IH on MSM sub-groups may help explain observed inconsistencies between higher risk-behavior and lower HIV prevalence among MSMW. This dissertation explores the independent and joint effects of IH factors and gender of past sexual partners on the link between sexual risks and HIV status. Methods : A random sample of 1,111 MSM in four Mexican cities underwent HIV testing and answered a questionnaire on sexual practices and stigma against homosexuality. With these data, this study developed three scales to measure 'invisibility', 'concealment' and 'stigma/discrimination', as component factors of IH, defining the latter two scales jointly as 'internalized homonegative stigma' (IHS). Statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 15.1. Results : 42.2% of participants reported sex with women at least once in their lifetime. Overall HIV prevalence was 10.4%, but it was significantly lower among MSMW (p=.007). Both sexual behavior and levels of IH differed between MSMW with recent women partners (MSMW-R) and those who reported past but no recent women partners (MSMW-E). MSMW of both groups reported more paid sex (p
Download or read book Latino Gay Men and HIV written by Rafael M. Diaz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With research based on focus group and individual interviews in the United States, as well as a thorough and integrative review of the current literature, Latino Gay Men and HIV discusses the six main sociocultural factors in Latino communities -- machismo, homophobia, family cohesion, sexual silence, poverty and racism--which undermine safe sex practices. In an attempt to explain the alarmingly high incidence of unprotected intercourse in this population, this in-depth cultural and psychological analysis shows how an apparent incongruence between knowledge or intention and behavior can possess its own sociocultural logic and meaning.
Download or read book An Analysis of Social Support Among a Group of HIV positive Latino Men who Have Sex with Men written by Edward Michael Mamary and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Minority Stress and HIV Risk Behavior Among HIV positive Bisexual Black Men with Histories of Childhood Sexual Abuse written by Kimberly Anne Kisler and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, significant disparities in HIV/AIDS exist among Black men who have sex with men (MSM). For instance, in 2006, Black MSM comprised 63% of new HIV infections among Black men, and 35% of new HIV infections among all MSM (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2010a). Further, Black MSM were the only risk group in the United States to experience statistically significant increases in new HIV infections between 2006 and 2009 (CDC, 2012a). To address such disparities, HIV prevention efforts that focus on reducing the stress associated with sociocultural factors, such as experiences and perceptions of racism and homophobia, have been proposed. Utilizing the minority stress model and the theory of Intersectionality as guiding theoretical frameworks, this study examined: the relationship between indicators of minority stress (events of racial/ethnic discrimination, internalized racism, and internalized homophobia) and HIV risk behavior; whether psychological distress and/or social support moderate this relationship; and whether a culturally congruent intervention was efficacious in reducing perceptions of internalized racism and internalized homophobia, and frequency of HIV risk behavior among a sample of HIV-positive non-gay identifying Black men who have sex with men and women and who have histories of childhood sexual abuse. The full sample included 117 men who were administered a baseline survey, as well as a sub-sample of 88 men who were randomized into either the Enhanced Sexual Health Intervention for Men (ES-HIM) intervention or Health Promotion control condition as part of the ES-HIM Project. The original randomized control trial took place between 2007 and 2011. Only perception of internalized racism was found to have a direct association with HIV risk behavior in this sample, though this relationship was negative meaning increased racial pride predicted more HIV risk behavior. The full model that included all indicators of minority stress, childhood sexual abuse, and social support explained HIV risk behavior better than each indicator of minority stress on its own. This supported the additive perspective of the theory of Intersectionality, but not the primary perspective of this theory. The interactionist perspective was also tested between internalized racism and internalized homophobia, but findings did not result in support for this perspective. The role of psychological distress was inconclusive. While ample evidence supported the removal of psychological distress in order to test a direct relationship between indicators of minority stress and HIV risk behavior, some support for moderation was found. Social support showed clear indication of a moderating effect between two indicators of minority stress and HIV risk behavior when controlling for other covariates. Further, the level of social support and the indicator of minority stress contributed to the overall effect of social support on HIV risk behavior. In terms of intervention effects, internalized racism did not decrease over the four time points for either the group as a whole (n=88), or by intervention condition. Internalized homophobia, however, significantly diminished over the four time points for the group as a whole, but no differences between the ES-HIM intervention and Health Promotion control condition were found. Finally, frequency of HIV risk behavior (i.e., intercourse without a condom) also decreased from baseline to post-intervention assessment for the group as a whole, but no intervention effects were found. Indicators of minority stress, namely internalized racism and internalized homophobia, appear to play an important role in the HIV risk behavior of this population. However, the relationship is nuanced among this highly marginalized sample. Finally, while the ES-HIM intervention was unsuccessful in effecting changes in internalized racism, internalized homophobia, and frequency of HIV risk behavior over time, significant reductions in internalized homophobia and HIV risk behavior for the group as a whole were achieved.
Download or read book HIV Among Young Latino Men in the San Diego Tijuana Border Region written by Juan G. Ibarra and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this secondary analysis is to describe the sociodemographic, psychosocial, HIV testing, alcohol and drug use, and sexual risk behavior characteristics in a sample of young Latino men who have sex with men (YLMSM) living in the San Diego-Tijuana border region. In addition, this study will examine the predictors of three distinct outcomes, which include unprotected anal intercourse, HIV infection, and never testing for HIV, among the sampled YLMSM. This study represents a first effort to describe and analyze HIV seroprevalence and HIV risk behavior in YLMSM (of which the majority also reported having sex with women) residing in this border region, an understudied population with unique risks that are not well understood. The venue-based study collected information, via standardized questionnaire, on eligible participants (N=372) who self-identified as Latino, reported a history of having sex with another man in their lifetimes, resided in the San Diego-Tijuana border region, and were between the ages of 17 and 30 years. A bivariate analysis was done separately for each of the three outcomes to examine the sociodemographic, psychosocial, HIV testing, alcohol and drug use, and sexual risk behavior characteristics among the combined sample. Three separate multivariate analyses (hierarchical logistic regression analysis) examined predictors of unprotected anal intercourse, HIV infection, and never testing for HIV. Results from the study showed that for the combined sample of both San Diego and Tijuana YLMSM 25% tested positive for HIV, 42% reported having unprotected anal intercourse with a male, and 44% never tested for HIV. Compared to San Diego YLMSM, Tijuana YLMSM reported lower levels of socioeconomic status (e.g., low level of education), condom self-efficacy, HIV seroprevalence, HIV testing rates, and unprotected anal intercourse, but higher levels of alcohol and drug use and sex with both men and women. Findings from the multivariate analysis showed that being young, having an incarceration history, and self-reported likelihood of being infected were the strongest predictors of HIV infection, while San Diego residence and income from exchange sex were the strongest predictors of unprotected anal intercourse. Tijuana residence and no access to care were some of the strongest predictors of never testing for HIV. The current study provides compelling evidence that the control of the HIV epidemic in the San Diego-Tijuana border region must include primary and secondary HIV prevention efforts directed at YLMSM. There is an urgent need for HIV interventions to address unprotected anal intercourse, high HIV seroprevalence rates, and low HIV testing rates in YLMSM in the US--Mexico border region. These HIV interventions must be empirically-based, culturally and linguistically appropriate, and address the social context of HIV risk.
Download or read book Contextualizing HIV Risk Among Latino Men who Have Sex with Men written by José Diaz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States experience a disproportionate and growing HIV burden. In spite of germinal studies and recent advances reported in the scientific literature, there is a noteworthy gap in our understanding of the factors that influence HIV transmission and acquisition among Latino MSM. The goal of this dissertation is to explore how cultural, spatial, and syndemic contexts influence two HIV-related risk behaviors among Latino MSM: serodiscordant condomless anal intercourse (SDCAI) and number of male causal partners. Specifically, I aimed to assess the how acculturation, neighborhood characteristics, and co-occurring epidemics may each contribute to HIV-related risk among Latino MSM. For this project, I utilized data from the NYCM2M study (R01 HD059729; PI: B. Koblin), a cross-sectional study of the relations among neighborhood environmental characteristics, sexual risk behaviors, anxiety and depression, and alcohol and substance use among urban MSM.
Download or read book Acculturation written by Elvis Rosales and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latinos Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) continue to be disproportionately impacted by HIV and fare worse than their white counterparts post diagnosis. While research has offered preliminary evidence that disclosure of HIV status can lead to improved health outcomes and increased psychological wellbeing, many individuals living with the condition, particularly of Latino origin, continue to face challenges with disclosure. This study utilized secondary data in an effort to examine the relationship between acculturation and disclosure of HIV status to friends and family members. Although the chi-square tests conducted did not reveal statistically significant results, several key correlations were identified. Among these were the relationships between coping self efficacy and depression, HIV stigma and symptoms of depression, social support and symptoms of depression, and between social support and coping self efficacy; all of which can help inform the direction of future research and potentially interventions used to bolster participants’ coping skills.
Download or read book Standing at the Crossroads written by Brian Allen Kooyman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to investigate Conflict in Allegiance (CIA), an intersectional construct, and its associations with racism in LGB communities, perceived homonegativity within racial and religious communities, and frequency of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) among religiously affiliated African American men who have sex with men (AAMSM). A review of literature on the established relationships between disproportional HIV-incidence among AAMSM, racism, homonegativity, and UAI was presented. The experience of CIA was hypothesized to correlate with racism in LGB communities, homonegativity within racial and religious communities, and UAI. A sample of 238 religiously-affiliated AAMSM completed the Conflict in Allegiance Scale, Racism in LGB Communities Scale, Homonegativity within Racial and Religious Communities Scales, and a frequency of UAI scale. Pearson product moment correlations were utilized to examine the hypothesized relationships between the variables and revealed significant correlations between CIA and the oppression-related variables. CIA was also found to be significantly correlated with UAI. Differences in CIA among participants who were younger (18-35) and older (36+) from self-described liberal or conservative religious institutions were sought. A two-way analysis of variance revealed no difference in CIA between older and younger participants from liberal and conservative religious institutions. These major findings, including additional findings, current literature, and theories of sexual orientation identity development were presented. Limitations, areas of future research, and implications Counselor Education and clinical practice were identified.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Social Oppression Internalized Homonegativity Substance Use During Sex and Risky Sexual Behavior in Latino Gay and Bisexual Men written by Nadine Nakamura and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latino gay and bisexual men are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS (Centers for Disease Control, 2001). Even though Latino gay and bisexual men have demonstrated knowledge about safer sex practices, many still frequently engage in risky sexual behavior (Diaz & Ayala, 1999). This study explores the role of experiences of discrimination, internalized homonegativity and poverty on HIV risk related behavior with an Internet-based sample of 226 Latino gay and bisexual men. Surveys were available to participants in both English and Spanish. Approximately, 50% of the sample was U.S. born, with about 76% of participants responding in English. This sample was highly educated with 43.8% having some graduate school education or a graduate degree, 26.1% having a college degree, 25.2% with some college, and only 4.9% with a high school diploma or less. The outcome variables were unprotected anal sex and sex under the influence of alcohol or drugs. About 22% (n=49) reported engaging in either receptive or insertive unprotected anal sex in the last 30 days, while about another 18% (n=40) reported that they had engaged in both types. Approximately 24% percent of participants reported that they had unprotected sex under the influence of alcohol or drugs in the last 30 days. Bivariate logistic regressions were run to test the hypotheses as the outcome variables were not normally distributed. Latino acculturation and education were entered as control variables for all logistic regression analyses. Contrary to the hypotheses, experiences of discrimination, internalized homonegativity, and poverty did not predict unprotected anal sex or sex under the influence of drugs and alcohol.
Download or read book Gravures Aquarelles Peintures Cristaux Sulfures Argenterie Bronzes Si ges Meubles Tapis written by and published by . This book was released on 1932 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Discrimination and Health written by Rafael M. Diaz and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Stigma Sense of Community and Self esteem on the HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors of African American and Latino Men who Have Sex with Men written by Teresa Jacobs Finlayson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African-American and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) bear a disproportionately large burden of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic in the United States. To further enhance HIV prevention efforts among men of color, a survey was conducted within New York City's house ball community; a community largely comprised of racial and ethnic minority persons. Time-space sampling was adapted to recruit participants for the survey from venues frequented by members of the house ball community. Using logistic regression analysis, this study examined the effects of perceived stigma, enacted stigma, sense of community and self-esteem on unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) among a sub-sample of men in the survey. Both perceived and enacted stigma had a modest direct effect on engaging in UAI. The direct effect on UAI was significant even after controlling for covariates in the model. The magnitude of the effect on UAI did not vary by race/ethnicity or sexual identity. In addition, perceived and enacted stigma correlated negatively to both sense of community and self-esteem scores. Although sense of community did not buffer the effect of perceived or enacted stigma on UAI, both sense of community and self-esteem were protective against engaging in UAI. However, while the direct effect of sense of community on UAI remained after controlling for covariates in the model, the effect self-esteem had on UAI diminished after adding variables to the model. Further, self-esteem was negatively correlated with both perceived and enacted stigma, but it did not mediate perceived and enacted stigma's effect on UAI. Implications for HIV prevention strategies given these findings are discussed. Implications include developing multilevel interventions, including structural interventions, to reduce the stigma that is perceived and experienced by men of color as well as building stronger communities for African American and Latino MSM.
Download or read book Internalized Homophobia Homosexual Identity Formation and HIV Risk Behaviors in Adult Black Men who Have Sex with Men written by Yohance Omar Whiteside and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the South, Black men who have sex with men have the highest prevalence of HIV infection than any other ethnic group. Homophobia and gay identity are two variables that have emerged from previous research that may influence this discrepancy. The purposes of this cross-sectional investigation were to determine whether internalized homophobia influences high-risk sexual behavior and to determine the relationship between internalized homophobia and an individual's stage of homosexual identity formation in adult African American men who have sex with men (AAMSM). Linear regression, logistic regression, Fisher's exact test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to investigate the associations between internalized homophobia, homosexual identity formation, and sexual risk behaviors for HIV infection in adult Black men who have sex with men. The study tested a new scale, the Homosexual Identity Formation Scale, and then validated the Homosexual Identity Formation Scale and the Internalized Homophobia Scale (Wagner, Brondolo, & Rabkin, 1996) in adult AAMSM. Although not statistically significant (p[greater than]0.05), higher scores on the Internalized Homophobia Scale were associated with an increased odds of engaging in high risk sexual behaviors, while higher scores on the Homosexual Identity Formation Scale were associated with a decreased odds of participating in high risk sexual behaviors. Importantly, findings revealed that both internalized homophobia and homosexual identity formation had a dose-response relationship with high-risk sexual behaviors. Internalized homophobia and homosexual identity formation had no association in adult AAMSM (p[greater than]O.05). Higher scores on the Internalized Homophobia Scale were associated with increased odds of participants identifying as gay as opposed to Black. With respect to predominant self- identity, there was a statistically significant difference between those AAMSM who reported no male sex partners and those who reported one or more in the previous three months (p=0.027).
Download or read book Examining Links of Racial and Sexual Identity Development Psychological Well being and Sexual Risks Among HIV Positive Same Sex Attracted African American Men written by Kessler Laura E. and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study investigated associations among African American and same sex attracted identity developmental components, psychological well-being, difficult sexual situations, and sexual risk practices among a sample (N = 73) of HIV-positive African American men who have sex with men (MSMs). The current study responds to Mays, Cochran, and Zamudio's (2004) call for empirical investigations of culturally specific determinants impacting psychological health and sexual risk behaviors among African American MSMs. The current study parallels the methodology of Diaz, Ayala, and Bein (2004) and Diaz, Bein, and Ayala (2006), linking experiences of homophobia, racism, and poverty to psychological health and sexual risk practices among gay identified Latino men. Using a similar framework, the current study investigated the impact of African American and same sex attracted identity development on psychological health and sexual risk practices within a sample of African American HIV-positive MSMs. The current study's sample reported a diverse range of sexual identities (e.g., gay, heterosexual, "on the down low;"), with all participants having engaged in consensual sex with other men. Results indicated that higher endorsement of the Anti-White African American identity (as measured by the Cross Racial Identity Scale [CRIS, Vandiver et al., 2000]), as well as lower levels of psychological well-being, and younger ages, predicted circumstances promoting unsafe sex. Higher endorsements of the African American identities of Multiculturalist Inclusive and Miseducation, as well as the same sex attracted identity of Superiority (as measured by the Lesbian and Gay Identity Scale [LGIS; Mohr & Fassinger, 2000]), predicted interpersonal barriers to unsafe sex. Additional exploratory analyses showed higher endorsements of the same sex identity of Homonegativity to predict lower levels of psychological well-being; higher endorsements of the African American identity of Assimilation, and same sex attracted identity of Need for Acceptance, to predict circumstances predicting unsafe sex; higher endorsements of the African American identities of Anti-White and Afrocentric to predict interpersonal barriers to unsafe sex; and higher endorsements of the Anti-White identity to predict sexual risk practices outside of a committed relationship. Descriptive data suggested that participants endorsed African American and same sex attracted identities differently than scale development samples. An exploratory factor analysis showed that the six-factor structure of the CRIS generally replicated within the current sample. However, there was an insufficient sample size to investigate the LGIS factor structure within the current sample. Qualitative data also suggested that participants are experiencing racial and sexual identity challenges, but also engaging in effective ways of coping with and resolving these challenges. Qualitative data also highlighted the importance of social support that is accepting of African American and same sex attracted male identities. Results imply that interventions highlighting issues around effectively managing racial and sexual identity challenges, and psychological distress, while providing social support, could help promote sexual health among HIV-positive African American MSMs.
Download or read book Terminator written by James Cameron and published by . This book was released on 1990* with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Press kit includes 1 booklet containing listing of cast & credits and production information.
