Download or read book The Regulation of Megabanks written by Katarzyna Parchimowicz and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-22 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global systemically important banks (G-SIBs) are the largest, most complex and, in the event of their potential failure, most threatening banking institutions in the world. The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) was a turning point for G-SIBs, many of which contributed to the outbreak and severity of this downturn. The unfolding of the GFC also revealed flaws and omissions in the legal framework applying to financial entities. In the context of G-SIBs, it clearly demonstrated that the legal regimes, both in the USA and in the EU, grossly ignored the specific character of these institutions and their systemic importance, complexity, and individualism. As a result of this omission, these megabanks were long treated like any other smaller banking institutions. Since the GFC, legal systems have changed a lot on both sides of the Atlantic, and global and national lawmakers have adopted new rules applying specifically to G-SIBs to reduce their threat to financial stability. This book explores whether the G-SIB-specific regulatory frameworks are adequately tailored to their individualism in order to prevent them from exploiting overly general rules, as they did during the GFC. Analyzing the specific character and individualism of G-SIBs, in relation to their history, normal functioning, as well as their operations during the GFC, this book discusses transformation of banking systems and the challenges and opportunities G-SIBs face, such as Big Tech competitors, climate-related requirements, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking a multidisciplinary approach which combines financial aspects of operations of G- SIBs and legal analysis, the book describes G-SIB-oriented legal frameworks of the EU and the USA and assesses whether G-SIB individualism is adequately reflected, analyzing trends in supervisory action when it comes to discretion in the G-SIB context, all in order to contribute to the ongoing discussions about international banking law, its problems, and potential remedies to such persistent flaws.

Download or read book The Regulation of Megabanks written by Katarzyna M. Parchimowicz and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Global systemically important banks are the largest, most complex and, in the event of their potential failure, most threatening banking institutions in the world. The global financial crisis was a turning point for global systemically important banks, many of which contributed to the outbreak and severity of this downturn. The unfolding of the global financial crisis also revealed flaws and omissions in the legal framework applying to financial entities. In the context of global systemically important banks it clearly demonstrated that the legal regimes, both in the USA and in the EU, grossly ignored the specific character of these institutions and their systemic importance, complexity and individualism. As a result of this omission, these megabanks were long treated like any other smaller banking institution. Since the financial crisis legal systems have changed a lot since then on both sides of the Atlantic, global and national lawmakers have adopted new rules applying specifically to global systemically important banks to reduce their threat to financial stability. This book explores whether the regulatory frameworks related to G-SIBs are adequately tailored to their individualism in order to prevent them from exploiting overly general rules, as they did during the global financial crisis. Analysing the specific character and individualism of G-SIBs, in relation to their history, normal function, as well as their operations during the GFC the book the transformation of banking systems and the challenges and opportunities G-SIBs face, such as Big Tech competitors, climate-related requirements and the COVID-19 pandemic Taking a multidisciplinary approach which combines financial aspects of operations of G- SIBs and legal analysis the book describes G-SIB-oriented legal frameworks of the EU and the USA and assesses whether G- SIB individualism is adequately reflected, assessing trends in supervisory action when it comes to discretion in the G-SIB context to contribute to the ongoing discussions about international banking law, its problems and potential remedies to such persistent flaws"--

Download or read book Taming the Megabanks written by Arthur E. Wilmarth Jr and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Banks were allowed to enter securities markets and become universal banks during two periods in the past century - the 1920s and the late 1990s. Both times, universal banks made high-risk loans and packaged them into securities that were sold as safe investments to poorly-informed investors. Both times, universal banks promoted unsustainable booms that led to destructive busts - the Great Depression of the early 1930s and the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-09. Both times, governments were forced to arrange costly bailouts of universal banks. Congress passed the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 in response to the Great Depression. The Act broke up universal banks and established a decentralized financial system composed of three separate and independent sectors: banking, securities, and insurance. That system was stable and successful for over four decades until the big-bank lobby persuaded regulators to open loopholes in Glass-Steagall during the 1980s and convinced Congress to repeal it in 1999. Congress did not adopt a new Glass-Steagall Act after the Global Financial Crisis. Instead, Congress passed the Dodd-Frank Act. Dodd-Frank's highly technical reforms tried to make banks safer but left in place a dangerous financial system dominated by universal banks. Universal banks continue to pose unacceptable risks to financial stability and economic and social welfare. They exert far too much influence over our political and regulatory systems because of their immense size and their undeniable "too-big-to-fail" status. In Taming the Megabanks, Arthur Wilmarth argues that we must again separate banks from securities markets to avoid another devastating financial crisis and ensure that our financial system serves Main Street business firms and consumers instead of Wall Street bankers and speculators. Wilmarth's comprehensive and detailed analysis demonstrates that a new Glass-Steagall Act would make our financial system much more stable and less likely to produce boom-and-bust cycles. Giant universal banks would no longer dominate our financial system or receive enormous subsidies. A more decentralized and competitive financial system would encourage banks and securities firms to fulfill their proper roles as servants - not masters - of Main Street businesses and consumers.

Download or read book 13 Bankers written by Simon Johnson and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of its key role in creating the ruinous financial crisis of 2008, the American banking industry has grown bigger, more profitable, and more resistant to regulation than ever. Anchored by six megabanks whose assets amount to more than 60 percent of the country’s gross domestic product, this oligarchy proved it could first hold the global economy hostage and then use its political muscle to fight off meaningful reform. 13 Bankers brilliantly charts the rise to power of the financial sector and forcefully argues that we must break up the big banks if we want to avoid future financial catastrophes. Updated, with additional analysis of the government’s recent attempt to reform the banking industry, this is a timely and expert account of our troubled political economy.

Download or read book How the Other Half Banks written by Mehrsa Baradaran and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States has two separate banking systems today—one serving the well-to-do and another exploiting everyone else. How the Other Half Banks contributes to the growing conversation on American inequality by highlighting one of its prime causes: unequal credit. Mehrsa Baradaran examines how a significant portion of the population, deserted by banks, is forced to wander through a Wild West of payday lenders and check-cashing services to cover emergency expenses and pay for necessities—all thanks to deregulation that began in the 1970s and continues decades later. “Baradaran argues persuasively that the banking industry, fattened on public subsidies (including too-big-to-fail bailouts), owes low-income families a better deal...How the Other Half Banks is well researched and clearly written...The bankers who fully understand the system are heavily invested in it. Books like this are written for the rest of us.” —Nancy Folbre, New York Times Book Review “How the Other Half Banks tells an important story, one in which we have allowed the profit motives of banks to trump the public interest.” —Lisa J. Servon, American Prospect

Download or read book Bailout written by Irvine H. Sprague and published by Beard Books. This book was released on 1986 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the high interest times in the 1970's and 1980's, the banks and the savings and loan associations were under heavy financial pressure. Hundreds of them failed. The Home Loan Bank Board permitted the savings and loan associations to treat goodwill as capital, thereby allowing them to remain open and to build up enormous losses that eventually cost the taxpayers billions of dollars. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation took a different approach. It closed the banks or sold them, all at no cost to the taxpayers. Bailout is the engrossing story of how the FDIC handled four of these failures. Book jacket.

Download or read book Unfinished Business written by Tamim Bayoumi and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A penetrating critique tracing how under-regulated trading between European and U.S. banks led to the 2008 financial crisis—with a prescription for preventing another meltdown There have been numerous books examining the 2008 financial crisis from either a U.S. or European perspective. Tamim Bayoumi is the first to explain how the Euro crisis and U.S. housing crash were, in fact, parasitically intertwined. Starting in the 1980s, Bayoumi outlines the cumulative policy errors that undermined the stability of both the European and U.S. financial sectors, highlighting the catalytic role played by European mega banks that exploited lax regulation to expand into the U.S. market and financed unsustainable bubbles on both continents. U.S. banks increasingly sold sub-par loans to under-regulated European and U.S. shadow banks and, when the bubbles burst, the losses whipsawed back to the core of the European banking system. A much-needed, fresh look at the origins of the crisis, Bayoumi’s analysis concludes that policy makers are ignorant of what still needs to be done both to complete the cleanup and to prevent future crises.

Download or read book The Case for the Corporate Death Penalty written by Mary Kreiner Ramirez and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical examination of the wrongdoing underlying the 2008 financial crisis An unprecedented breakdown in the rule of law occurred in the United States after the 2008 financial collapse. Bank of America, JPMorgan, Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, and other large banks settled securities fraud claims with the Securities and Exchange Commission for failing to disclose the risks of subprime mortgages they sold to the investing public. But a corporation cannot commit fraud except through human beings working at and managing the firm. Rather than breaking up these powerful megabanks, essentially imposing a corporate death penalty, the government simply accepted fines that essentially punished innocent shareholders instead of senior leaders at the megabanks. It allowed the real wrongdoers to walk away from criminal responsibility. In The Case for the Corporate Death Penalty, Mary Kreiner Ramirez and Steven A. Ramirez examine the best available evidence about the wrongdoing underlying the financial crisis. They reveal that the government failed to use its most powerful law enforcement tools despite overwhelming proof of wide-ranging and large-scale fraud on Wall Street before, during, and after the crisis. The pattern of criminal indulgences exposes the onset of a new degree of crony capitalism in which the most economically and political powerful can commit financial crimes of vast scale with criminal and regulatory immunity. A new economic royalty has seized the commanding heights of our economy through their control of trillions in corporate and individual wealth and their ability to dispense patronage. The Case for the Corporate Death Penalty shows that this new lawlessness poses a profound threat that urgently demands political action and proposes attainable measures to restore the rule of law in the financial sector.

Download or read book Principles of Financial Regulation written by John Armour and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The financial crisis of 2007-9 revealed serious failings in the regulation of financial institutions and markets, and prompted a fundamental reconsideration of the design of financial regulation. As the financial system has become ever-more complex and interconnected, the pace of evolution continues to accelerate. It is now clear that regulation must focus on the financial system as a whole, but this poses significant challenges for regulators. Principles of Financial Regulation describes how to address those challenges. Examining the subject from a holistic and multidisciplinary perspective, Principles of Financial Regulation considers the underlying policies and the objectives of regulation by drawing on economics, finance, and law methodologies. The volume examines regulation in a purposive and dynamic way by framing the book in terms of what the financial system does, rather than what financial regulation is. By analysing specific regulatory measures, the book provides readers to the opportunity to assess regulatory choices on specific policy issues and encourages critical reflection on the design of regulation.

Download or read book Banks Exchanges and Regulators written by Ranald C. Michie and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Never have financial markets been subjected to a period of change as rapid and extensive as took place from the 1970s onwards. Ranald C. Michie provides an authoritative account of this upheaval based on a careful reading of the Financial Times over the last four decades.

Download or read book Financial Regulation at the Crossroads written by Panagiotis Delimatsis and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings outstanding expertise and provides insightful perspectives from nineteen authors with diverse backgrounds, including officials from international organizations, national regulators, and commercial banking, as well as academics in law, economics, political economy, and finance. The authors not only shed light on the causes of the financial turmoil, but also present thoughtful proposals that contribute to the future policy debate, and discuss opportunities that financial services can offer in funding activities which raise standards of living through initiatives in microfinance, renewable energy, and food distribution. The contributions to this volume tackle several of the thorniest issues of financial regulation in a post-crisis environment, such as: the mechanics of contagion within the financial system and the role of liquidity; moral hazard when large financial institutions are no longer subject to the disciplinary effects of bankruptcy; bank capital requirements; management compensation; design of bank resolution schemes; a function-centric versus institution-centric regulatory approach; subsidization and compatibility of stimulus packages with EU rules on state aid; trade finance and the role of the GATS prudential carve-out; and the role of financial services in promoting human rights or combating climate change.

Download or read book Banking Monetary Policy and the Political Economy of Financial Regulation written by Gerald A. Epstein and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The many forces that led to the economic crisis of 2008 were in fact identified, analyzed and warned against for many years before the crisis by economist Jane D�Arista, among others. Now, writing in the tradition of D�Arista's extensive work, the

Download or read book Global Banking written by Roy C. Smith and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2003-02-25 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a revision of the business of global banking. With the increased globalization of the world economy few sectors are the equal of banking and financial services in dynamism or structural change. Roy C. Smith and Ingo Walter assess this transformation-its causes, its course and its consequences. They begon by examining international commercial banking, including the issue of cross-border risk evaluation and exposure management, and the creation of a viable regulatory framework in a global competitive context. hey then undertake a parallel assessment of international investment banking, linking the two by means of a bridge chapter. Finally, they focus on the factors that determine winners and losers in these markets and explore the problems of strategic position and execution.

Download or read book Fragile by Design written by Charles W. Calomiris and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-08-04 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why stable banking systems are so rare Why are banking systems unstable in so many countries—but not in others? The United States has had twelve systemic banking crises since 1840, while Canada has had none. The banking systems of Mexico and Brazil have not only been crisis prone but have provided miniscule amounts of credit to business enterprises and households. Analyzing the political and banking history of the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Brazil through several centuries, Fragile by Design demonstrates that chronic banking crises and scarce credit are not accidents. Calomiris and Haber combine political history and economics to examine how coalitions of politicians, bankers, and other interest groups form, why they endure, and how they generate policies that determine who gets to be a banker, who has access to credit, and who pays for bank bailouts and rescues. Fragile by Design is a revealing exploration of the ways that politics inevitably intrudes into bank regulation.

Download or read book Out of Control written by Brian MacLean and published by James Lorimer & Company. This book was released on 1999 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial market turmoil grabbed headlines in the nineties. Many countries, most notably in East Asia, saw their currencies collapse and output plummet. Economic shock waves from these crises hit Canada. In this collection of essays, distinguished contributors such as Linda McQuaig, Jacques Parizeau and Douglas Peters go behind the headlines. They explain the roots of international financial market turmoil and suggest reforms that will bring greater stability to the global economy and to the lives of the people who participate in it. They assert that financial markets are inherently unstable and argue for strong regulation. Out of Control offers clear-headed analyses of the market turmoil of the 1990s and suggestions to minimize such volatility in future.

Download or read book Bull by the Horns written by Sheila Bair and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2013-09-10 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The former FDIC Chairwoman, and one of the first people to acknowledge the full risk of subprime loans, offers a unique perspective on the greatest crisis the U.S. has faced since the Great Depression.

Download or read book The Regulatory Responses to the Global Financial Crisis written by Mr.Stijn Claessens and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We identify current challenges for creating stable, yet efficient financial systems using lessons from recent and past crises. Reforms need to start from three tenets: adopting a system-wide perspective explicitly aimed at addressing market failures; understanding and incorporating into regulations agents’ incentives so as to align them better with societies’ goals; and acknowledging that risks of crises will always remain, in part due to (unknown) unknowns – be they tipping points, fault lines, or spillovers. Corresponding to these three tenets, specific areas for further reforms are identified. Policy makers need to resist, however, fine-tuning regulations: a “do not harm” approach is often preferable. And as risks will remain, crisis management needs to be made an integral part of system design, not relegated to improvisation after the fact.