Download or read book The Red Team Handbook The Army s Guide to Making Better Decisions written by University of Foreign Military and Cultu and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army General Mark A. Milley repeatedly warns of increased complexity, ambiguity, and speed in future warfare. The decision-making process at all levels of command will be challenged by the environment, the situation, and the enemy, as well as by the perception and interpretation of our thoughts. The requirement to frame decisions around the scope and rate of information sharing on the modern battlefield and adapting those frames to the complexity of context and content, necessitates the ability to think critically and creatively. The curriculum at the University of Foreign Military and Cultural Studies (UFMCS) directly addresses these challenges by training and preparing students to operate as a Red Teamer. Red Teaming creates and illuminates pathways to better decisions by employing structured techniques to identify hidden dangers, reveal unseen possibilities, and facilitate creative alternatives. It is, in essence, a form of risk management for the human brain. The U.S. Army chartered UFMCS with the mission to teach Red Teaming to the U.S. Army and other authorized organizations. As the nature of warfare has evolved, so too has our curriculum and academic offerings. Version 9.0 of the Red Team Handbook represents the current state of our program. Although the contents of this volume and our courses are not official doctrine, the practices discussed directly support and are in both Joint and U.S. Army Doctrine. This handbook provides the reader with an introduction to the fundamental concepts, methods, and tools essential to the practice of U.S. Army Red Teaming.
Download or read book The Red Team Handbook written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-07 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Army chartered the University of Foreign Military and Cultural Studies (UFMCS) with the mission to teach Red Teaming to the U.S. Army and other authorized organizations. As the nature of warfare has evolved, so too has our curriculum and academic offerings. Version 9.0 of the Red Team Handbook represents the current state of our program. Although the contents of this volume and our courses are not official doctrine, the practices discussed directly support and are in both Joint and U.S. Army Doctrine. This handbook provides the reader with an introduction to the fundamental concepts, methods, and tools essential to the practice of U.S. Army Red Teaming.Applied Critical Thinking (ACT), provides an improved understanding of our own decision-making processes, as well as the ability to deconstruct arguments and better understand others. It helps identify assumptions, biases, and can allow us to restate ideas using an analogy to describe complex ideas more simply. Perhaps most importantly, it allows us to generate and evaluate alternatives, thereby increasing our chances of finding the path to success. ACT incorporates several fundamentals, including slowing down, asking why, seeking alternatives, and other more-advanced strategies.This compilation includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.Chapter 1 - Introduction * Why Do We Red Team? * What is Red Teaming? * Four Principles of UFMCS * UFMCS Training * Chapter 2 - Self-Awareness And Reflection * Self-Authorship * Temperament * Emotional Intelligence * Interpersonal Communication * Interpersonal Conflict * Introspection * Chapter 3 - Fostering Cultural Empathy * Understanding Culture for the Red Teamer * Ethnocentrism * Some Cultural Definitions * Some Cultural Frameworks * Cultural Analysis For The Red Teamer * Functional Systems Approach * Cultural Relevance * Chapter 4 - Applied Critical Thinking * What is Applied Critical Thinking? * The Time Factor * Time For Red Teaming * Creating Space And Time * Summary * Chapter 5 - Groupthink Mitigation And Decision Support * Group Dynamics And Groupthink * Groupthink Mitigation * Decision Support * Chapter 6 - Thinking Creatively * The Creative Thought Process * Stage 1: Problem-Finding * Stage 2: Preparation * Stage 3: Ideation * Stage 4: Idea Verification * Stage 5: Communication * Summary * Chapter 7 - Red Teaming Tools, Techniques, & Practices * Tools * A Technique: The Ideal Group Process * Practices * 1-2-4-Whole Group * 1 on 1, 2 on 2, Exchange Emissaries * 4 Ways of Seeing * 5 Whys * 5 Will Get You 25 * 6 Empathetic Questions * 6 Words * Alternative Futures Analysis * Analogy Suitability Analysis * Analysis Of Competing Hypotheses * Appreciative Interview * Argument Deconstruction * Assumption Sensitivity Analysis * Batna * Brainstorming * Circle Of Voices * Circular Response * Critical Variables * Cultural Perception Framework * Deception Detection * Devil's Advocacy * Divergence - Convergence * Dot Voting * Fishbowl * Frame Audit * Gallery Walk * High Impact / Low Probability Analysis * Indicators Or Signposts Of Change * Key Assumptions Check * Mind Mapping * My 15% * Onion Model * Outside-In Thinking * Premortem Analysis * Problem Restatement * Shifting the Burden * Stakeholder Mapping. * State-Elaborate-Exemplify-Illustrate (SEE-I) * Storytelling * String of Pearls * S-W-O-T Analysis * Team A / Team B Analysis * Think-Write-Share * TRIZ * Troika Consulting (Ad Agency) * What If Analysis * Who Am I? * Yes, And This handbook is an unclassified living document and regularly evolves to incorporate new ideas, approaches, and tools. It should provide a compendium of ideas from UFMCS curriculum and serve as both a reference for our graduates and a broad introduction to others.
Download or read book U S Army The Applied Critical Thinking Handbook written by and published by Jeffrey Frank Jones. This book was released on with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why Red Teaming? The premise of the program at the University of Foreign Military and Cultural Studies (UFMCS) is that people and organizations court failure in predictable ways, that they do so by degrees, almost imperceptibly, and that they do so according to their mindsets, biases, and experience, which are formed in large part by their own culture and context. The sources of these failures are simple, observable, and lamentably, often repeated. They are also preventable, and that is the point of ‘red teaming’. Our methods and education involve more than Socratic discussion and brainstorming. We believe that good decision processes are essential to good outcomes. To that end, our curriculum is rich in divergent processes, red teaming tools, and liberating structures, all aimed at decision support. We educate people to develop a disposition of curiosity, and help them become aware of biases and behavior that prevent them from real positive change in the ways they seek solutions and engage others. We borrow techniques, methods, frameworks, concepts, and best practices from several sources and disciplines to create an education, and practical applications, that we find to be the best safeguard against individual and organizational tendencies toward biases, errors in cognition, and groupthink. Red teaming is diagnostic, preventative, and corrective; yet it is neither predictive or a solution. Our goal is to be better prepared and less surprised in dealing with complexity. What is Red Teaming? Red teaming is a function that provides commanders an independent capability to fully explore alternatives in plans, operations, concepts, organizations and capabilities in the context of the operational environment (OE) and from the perspectives of partners, adversaries and others. A Red Team performs three general types of tasks: - Support to operations, planning, and decision support - Critical review and analysis of already-existing plans - Intelligence support (Threat Emulation) (UFMCS provides education for the first two tasks; TRADOC’s Intelligence School and Center provides education on the third.) In order for a Red Team to effectively contribute to decision making all of the following elements are required: • The ability to think critically about the problem. While this may seem obvious, the reality is that critical thinking is a skill set that requires training, education and tools. The Army assimilates people from different backgrounds across the nation. One of the drawbacks of that assimilation is our military tendency to reflect the same biases and perspectives. We pride ourselves in common values—which while ingrained in the Army culture are not universal outside of that culture. • Thinking critically and challenging the group is an unnatural act for military staffs. Doing so effectively requires tools and methods that enable leaders to see different perspectives. • Red Teams require top cover to be allowed to challenge the conventional wisdom and the organization’s leaders. No matter the quality of the Red Team or the methods they employ, dictatorial or toxic leaders are incompatible with successful red teaming. • Red teaming is not easy, and not everyone can do it. Red Teamers must be effective written and oral communicators. They must have credibility in the area in which they are providing red teaming insights. They must be able to constructively challenge the plan. This means focusing on what is truly important, able to explain why it is being challenged and offering some alternative ways to think about the problem.
Download or read book Red Teaming written by Bryce G. Hoffman and published by Currency. This book was released on 2017-05-16 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red Teaming is a revolutionary new way to make critical and contrarian thinking part of the planning process of any organization, allowing companies to stress-test their strategies, flush out hidden threats and missed opportunities and avoid being sandbagged by competitors. Today, most — if not all — established corporations live with the gnawing fear that there is another Uber out there just waiting to disrupt their industry. Red Teaming is the cure for this anxiety. The term was coined by the U.S. Army, which has developed the most comprehensive and effective approach to Red Teaming in the world today in response to the debacles of its recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. However, the roots of Red Teaming run very deep: to the Roman Catholic Church’s “Office of the Devil’s Advocate,” to the Kriegsspiel of the Prussian General Staff and to the secretive AMAN organization, Israel’s Directorate of Military Intelligence. In this book, author Bryce Hoffman shows business how to use the same techniques to better plan for the uncertainties of today’s rapidly changing economy. Red Teaming is both a set of analytical tools and a mindset. It is designed to overcome the mental blind spots and cognitive biases that all of us fall victim to when we try to address complex problems. The same heuristics that allow us to successfully navigate life and business also cause us to miss or ignore important information. It is a simple and provable fact that we do not know what we do not know. The good news is that, through Red Teaming, we can find out. In this book, Hoffman shows how the most innovative and disruptive companies, such as Google and Toyota, already employ some of these techniques organically. He also shows how many high-profile business failures, including those that sparked the Great Recession, could easily have been averted by using these approaches. Most importantly, he teaches leaders how to make Red Teaming part of their own planning process, laying the foundation for a movement that will change the way America does business.
Download or read book Building Moonshots written by Tamara Carleton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-05-03 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solve the world’s biggest problems and create a better future In Building Moonshots: 50+ Ways to To Turn Radical Ideas Into Reality, a team of expert innovation strategists delivers an exciting and insightful collection of strategies, techniques, and frameworks for scaling your next big, audacious idea into a concrete product or service. Each proven and tested strategy contained in the book has been categorized to make it easy to find and implement when you need it most. You’ll learn how and where to start, when to bet big, how to invest, when to play the long game, what to communicate, and much more. You’ll also find: Ways to go beyond white papers and vision statements to a place where your ideas become a tangible reality Strategies for creating a better future by transforming seemingly impossible ideas into concrete products Methods for bringing to life radical and innovative solutions to the world’s greatest challenges Destined to become the seminal, go-to source for visionaries, gamechangers, and leaders imagining the apparently impossible and determined to achieve it, Building Moonshots is a can’t-miss book for entrepreneurs, founders, product development heads, and other business leaders.
Download or read book Red Team written by Micah Zenko and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2015-11-03 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential reading for business leaders and policymakers, an in-depth investigation of red teaming, the practice of inhabiting the perspective of potential competitors to gain a strategic advantage Red teaming. The concept is as old as the Devil's Advocate, the eleventh-century Vatican official charged with discrediting candidates for sainthood. Today, red teams are used widely in both the public and the private sector by those seeking to better understand the interests, intentions, and capabilities of institutional rivals. In the right circumstances, red teams can yield impressive results, giving businesses an edge over their competition, poking holes in vital intelligence estimates, and troubleshooting dangerous military missions long before boots are on the ground. But not all red teams are created equal; indeed, some cause more damage than they prevent. Drawing on a fascinating range of case studies, Red Team shows not only how to create and empower red teams, but also what to do with the information they produce. In this vivid, deeply-informed account, national security expert Micah Zenko provides the definitive book on this important strategy -- full of vital insights for decision makers of all kinds.
Download or read book Next War written by John F Antal and published by Casemate. This book was released on 2023-09-28 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of the lessons learned from recent wars, including the conflict in Ukraine, and how top war-fighting disrupters are transforming the methods of warfare. The nature of war is constant change. We live in an era of exponential technological acceleration which is transforming how wars are waged. Today, the battlespace is transparent; multi-domain sensors can see anything, and long-range precision fire can target everything that is observed. Autonomous weapons can be unleashed into the battlespace and attack any target from above, hitting the weakest point of tanks and armored vehicles. The velocity of war is hyper-fast. Battle shock is the operational, informational, and organizational paralysis induced by the rapid convergence of key disrupters in the battlespace. It occurs when the tempo of operations is so fast, and the means so overwhelming, that the enemy cannot think, decide, or act in time. Hit with too many attacks in multiple domains, all occurring simultaneously, the enemy is paralyzed. In short, the keys to decisive victory in war is to generate battle shock. Imagine a peer fight against Communist China, a new war in Europe against a resurgent Russia, or a conflict against Iran in the Middle East. How can our forces survive an enemy-first strike in these circumstances? Can we adapt to the ever-accelerating tempo of war? Will our forces be able to mask from enemy sensors? How will leaders execute command and control in a degraded communications environment? Will our command posts survive? Will our commanders see and understand what is happening in order to plan, decide, and act in real time? This book addresses these tough questions and more.
Download or read book A Hacker s Mind How the Powerful Bend Society s Rules and How to Bend them Back written by Bruce Schneier and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It’s not just computers—hacking is everywhere. Legendary cybersecurity expert and New York Times best-selling author Bruce Schneier reveals how using a hacker’s mindset can change how you think about your life and the world. A hack is any means of subverting a system’s rules in unintended ways. The tax code isn’t computer code, but a series of complex formulas. It has vulnerabilities; we call them “loopholes.” We call exploits “tax avoidance strategies.” And there is an entire industry of “black hat” hackers intent on finding exploitable loopholes in the tax code. We call them accountants and tax attorneys. In A Hacker’s Mind, Bruce Schneier takes hacking out of the world of computing and uses it to analyze the systems that underpin our society: from tax laws to financial markets to politics. He reveals an array of powerful actors whose hacks bend our economic, political, and legal systems to their advantage, at the expense of everyone else. Once you learn how to notice hacks, you’ll start seeing them everywhere—and you’ll never look at the world the same way again. Almost all systems have loopholes, and this is by design. Because if you can take advantage of them, the rules no longer apply to you. Unchecked, these hacks threaten to upend our financial markets, weaken our democracy, and even affect the way we think. And when artificial intelligence starts thinking like a hacker—at inhuman speed and scale—the results could be catastrophic. But for those who would don the “white hat,” we can understand the hacking mindset and rebuild our economic, political, and legal systems to counter those who would exploit our society. And we can harness artificial intelligence to improve existing systems, predict and defend against hacks, and realize a more equitable world.
Download or read book TRADOC Pamphlet TP 600 4 The Soldier s Blue Book written by United States Government Us Army and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-14 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual, TRADOC Pamphlet TP 600-4 The Soldier's Blue Book: The Guide for Initial Entry Soldiers August 2019, is the guide for all Initial Entry Training (IET) Soldiers who join our Army Profession. It provides an introduction to being a Soldier and Trusted Army Professional, certified in character, competence, and commitment to the Army. The pamphlet introduces Solders to the Army Ethic, Values, Culture of Trust, History, Organizations, and Training. It provides information on pay, leave, Thrift Saving Plans (TSPs), and organizations that will be available to assist you and your Families. The Soldier's Blue Book is mandated reading and will be maintained and available during BCT/OSUT and AIT.This pamphlet applies to all active Army, U.S. Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard enlisted IET conducted at service schools, Army Training Centers, and other training activities under the control of Headquarters, TRADOC.
Download or read book Team of Teams written by Gen. Stanley McChrystal and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the New York Times bestselling author of My Share of the Task and Leaders, a manual for leaders looking to make their teams more adaptable, agile, and unified in the midst of change. When General Stanley McChrystal took command of the Joint Special Operations Task Force in 2004, he quickly realized that conventional military tactics were failing. Al Qaeda in Iraq was a decentralized network that could move quickly, strike ruthlessly, then seemingly vanish into the local population. The allied forces had a huge advantage in numbers, equipment, and training—but none of that seemed to matter. To defeat Al Qaeda, they would have to combine the power of the world’s mightiest military with the agility of the world’s most fearsome terrorist network. They would have to become a "team of teams"—faster, flatter, and more flexible than ever. In Team of Teams, McChrystal and his colleagues show how the challenges they faced in Iraq can be relevant to countless businesses, nonprofits, and organizations today. In periods of unprecedented crisis, leaders need practical management practices that can scale to thousands of people—and fast. By giving small groups the freedom to experiment and share what they learn across the entire organization, teams can respond more quickly, communicate more freely, and make better and faster decisions. Drawing on compelling examples—from NASA to hospital emergency rooms—Team of Teams makes the case for merging the power of a large corporation with the agility of a small team to transform any organization.
Download or read book Red Team Development and Operations written by James Tubberville and published by . This book was released on 2020-01-20 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the culmination of years of experience in the information technology and cybersecurity field. Components of this book have existed as rough notes, ideas, informal and formal processes developed and adopted by the authors as they led and executed red team engagements over many years. The concepts described in this book have been used to successfully plan, deliver, and perform professional red team engagements of all sizes and complexities. Some of these concepts were loosely documented and integrated into red team management processes, and much was kept as tribal knowledge. One of the first formal attempts to capture this information was the SANS SEC564 Red Team Operation and Threat Emulation course. This first effort was an attempt to document these ideas in a format usable by others. The authors have moved beyond SANS training and use this book to detail red team operations in a practical guide. The authors' goal is to provide practical guidance to aid in the management and execution of professional red teams. The term 'Red Team' is often confused in the cybersecurity space. The terms roots are based on military concepts that have slowly made their way into the commercial space. Numerous interpretations directly affect the scope and quality of today's security engagements. This confusion has created unnecessary difficulty as organizations attempt to measure threats from the results of quality security assessments. You quickly understand the complexity of red teaming by performing a quick google search for the definition, or better yet, search through the numerous interpretations and opinions posted by security professionals on Twitter. This book was written to provide a practical solution to address this confusion. The Red Team concept requires a unique approach different from other security tests. It relies heavily on well-defined TTPs critical to the successful simulation of realistic threat and adversary techniques. Proper Red Team results are much more than just a list of flaws identified during other security tests. They provide a deeper understanding of how an organization would perform against an actual threat and determine where a security operation's strengths and weaknesses exist.Whether you support a defensive or offensive role in security, understanding how Red Teams can be used to improve defenses is extremely valuable. Organizations spend a great deal of time and money on the security of their systems. It is critical to have professionals who understand the threat and can effectively and efficiently operate their tools and techniques safely and professionally. This book will provide you with the real-world guidance needed to manage and operate a professional Red Team, conduct quality engagements, understand the role a Red Team plays in security operations. You will explore Red Team concepts in-depth, gain an understanding of the fundamentals of threat emulation, and understand tools needed you reinforce your organization's security posture.
Download or read book The Staff Ride written by William Glenn Robertson and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2014-12-11 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses how to plan a staff ride of a battlefield, such as a Civil War battlefield, as part of military training. This brochure demonstrates how a staff ride can be made available to military leaders throughout the Army, not just those in the formal education system.
Download or read book Infantry in Battle written by Infantry School (U.S.) and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1934 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The First 100 Days of Platoon Leadership Handbook Lessons and Best Practices written by U. S. Army and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2020-03 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The platoon leader and platoon sergeant are two of the most important leaders in the U.S. Army. The way platoon leaders and sergeants work together as a team can cause the success or failure of companies, battalions, brigades, and divisions. They represent the leading edge of leadership on and off the battlefield. On the battlefield, platoon leaders and sergeants build their platoons, empower squad leaders, integrate outside elements, and use troop-leading procedures to plan and lead. Off the battlefield, platoon leaders and sergeants prepare their platoon for combat through tough training. The platoon leader and platoon sergeant's ability to coach, teach, and mentor their Soldiers leads directly to the readiness of our formations. World-wide, platoon leaders and sergeants are personally leading the U.S. Army at the lowest level. This handbook is a guide for new leaders to help prepare them for a critical crucible of leadership that will determine the U.S. Army's ability to fight and win our country's wars.
Download or read book Command Decisions written by Kent Roberts Greenfield and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-12-08 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision has always exerted a powerful attraction for the student of military affairs. In the study of decisions in war, whether on the field of battle or in the councils of state, lie the great lessons of the conflicts that have shaped the course of history. These lessons the professional soldier seeks in order to fit himself for the ultimate responsibilities of command; the student of human affairs seeks them to explain past events. The historians writing the history of the United States Army in World War II have had a unique opportunity to study the decisions of that conflict. The response of the Army's schools and colleges, as well as the public, to this aspect of their work emphasized for them the interest of soldier and scholar alike in decision-making in war at various levels of government and command. As research progressed and material with which to illustrate this theme accumulated, it appeared that a book on the subject based on the work already accomplished would be of interest to a variety of readers: This volume is an outgrowth of that idea. It is an analysis of 23 decisions reached by chiefs of state and their military subordinates during World War II. Concerned with important political, strategic, tactical, and logistical questions, they include the invasions of North Africa and Normandy, the use of the atomic bomb, the capture of Rome, the campaigns in the western Pacific, and the internment of Japanese-Americans.
Download or read book The Sustainment Battle Staff Military Decision Making Process MDMP Guide written by Dr Col (Ret) John M Menter and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2009 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2004, the US Army has started a revolution of reorganization and doctrine development throughout its Combat, Combat Support and especially Combat Service Support "logistics" organizations, known as "Transformation." In the logistics or "Sustainment" arena, the Army's concept towards supporting other units has changed from the old "out-stockpile" the enemy concept towards a system used by modern civilian distributors - "Just-In-Time" sustainment, leaving planning and synchronizing throughput of commodities and support to the customer with little margin of error. To successfully accomplish this, Sustainment planners must thoroughly understand the Military Decision Making Process or "MDMP" for short. Conducting a Sustainment oriented MDMP is essential in integrating the Sustainment War Fighting Functional Area into the unit's plan and for ensuring a synchronized and supportable course of action. Successful integration is a result of having the right personnel, available tools, correct MDMP methodology, and synchronized timeline throughout the process. If this guide can assist logistics' planners in accomplishing this process, then it has accomplished its intent and mission.
Download or read book Red Teaming written by David F. Longbine and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As warfare continues to become more complex due to the advent and proliferation of new technology, blending of ethnic and cultural groups, population growth and urbanization, and tendency towards asymmetric warfare, commanders will have more difficulty in understanding the battlefield and ultimately achieving success. Only through a complete understanding of the operating environment from the perspective of the U.S., its adversaries, and local inhabitants of the operational area combined with critical analysis in decision making and planning can the U.S. Army successfully accomplish the diverse and complex missions looming in the future. One proposed method for achieving this understanding is the concept of “red teaming”. The term “red team” is a relatively new buzzword used in military and civilian enterprises. However, there is no common understanding of what red teaming means. Red teaming can mean role-playing the adversary, conducting a vulnerability assessment to determine weaknesses, or using analytical techniques to improve intelligence estimates and intelligence synchronization. While these definitions seem unrelated, they have in common the ultimate goal of improving decision making through critical thinking and analysis. This commonality forms the basis of the U.S. Army understanding of red teaming. The U.S. Army defines red teaming as “a function executed by trained, educated, and practiced team members that provides commanders an independent capability to fully explore alternatives in plans, operations, concepts, organizations, and capabilities in the context of the operational environment and from the perspectives of our partners, adversaries, and others.” The key aspects of this definition are its emphasis on independent thinking, challenging the thinking inside the organization, incorporating alternative perspectives in an attempt to eliminate cultural and ethnocentric bias, and a focus on fully exploring alternatives. The purpose of this monograph is to examine historical and contemporary uses of the core concepts of red teaming, and determine the value of using the concept of red teaming in decision making. Studying how great commanders in history used the core principles of red teaming may help solidify the U.S. Army's red teaming doctrine. Therefore, this monograph compares the success of past “great captains” of warfare against relatively modern military failures of the U.S. Army in order to determine the necessity of using the core concepts of red teaming in the current U.S. army and Joint decision-making processes. To this end, this monograph presents three case studies to analyze military campaigns that successfully used the core concepts of red teaming and campaigns that did not. Each case study evaluates the extent to which the campaign included the core concepts of red teaming, and their implication on the campaign's outcome. The first two case studies, Field Marshal Slim's 1945 counteroffensive into Burma and T.E. Lawrence's participation in the Arab Revolt during World War I, demonstrate how applying the core concepts of red teaming enabled each commander to develop a better understanding of their operating environment and subsequently achieve success. The final case study presented in this monograph, Operation Iraqi Freedom, demonstrates the dangers of misapplying the core concepts of red teaming, and emphasizes the importance that realism and accuracy plays in using alternative perspectives and divergent analysis. This monograph concludes that using the core concepts of red teaming, namely challenging the organization's thinking, incorporating alternative analysis and incorporating alternative perspectives, can significantly improve understanding of the operating environment, which is critical to achieving success on the modern complex battlefield. This monograph recommends that U.S. Army and Joint doctrine incorporate red teaming concepts throughout their respective decision-making processes.
