Download or read book Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States written by Mary B. Adams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s there were several published reports of recent, unexplained increases in mortality of red spruce in the Adirondack Mountains and the northern Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States. These reports coincided with documentation of reductions in radial growth of several species of pine in the southeastern United States, and with the severe, rapid, and widespread decline of Norway spruce, silver fir, and some hardwoods in central Europe. In all of these instances, atmospheric deposition was hypothesized as the cause of the decline. (Throughout this volume, we use the term "decline" to refer to a loosely synchronized regional-scale deterioration of tree health which is brought about by a combination of stress factors. These may be biotic or abiotic in nature, and the combinations may differ from site to site. ) Heated public debate about the causes and possible cures for these forest declines ensued. Through the course of this debate, it became clear that information about forest health and air pollution effects on forests was inadequate to meet policymakers' needs. Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States addresses that gap for eastern spruce fir forests and represents the culmination of a great deal of research conducted in recent years. The focus is on red spruce because the decline of red spruce was both dramatic and inexplicable and because of the great amount of information gathered on red spruce.
Download or read book Silvical Characteristics of Red Spruce Picea Rubens written by Arthur C. Hart and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Red Spruce written by Louis Sutliffe Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Silvical Characteristics of Red Spruce Picea Rubens No 124 written by Arthur C Hart and published by Hassell Street Press. This book was released on 2021-09-10 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Red Spruce Picea Rubens written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Silvical Characteristics of Red Spruce Picea Rubens Classic Reprint written by Arthur C Hart and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Silvical Characteristics of Red Spruce (Picea Rubens) In the south, Fraser fir (abies fraseri) and yellow buckeye (aesculus octandra) are additional associates. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book RED SPRUCE written by Louis Sutliffe Murphy and published by Wentworth Press. This book was released on 2016-08-29 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Last Stand of the Red Spruce written by Robert A. Mello and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the effect of air pollution on forests, explains why the government should take action to stop or reduce acid rain, and assesses the extent of the threat to American forests.
Download or read book Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States written by Christopher Eagar and published by . This book was released on 1992-06-25 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the recent decline of red spruce and the role of acid rain and associated air pollutants in this decline. The purpose of the book is to summarize a large body of recent research on this important environmental issue. The book is divided into 3 sections: Section I summarizes the features of spruce-fir forests in the Eastern U.S. and examines the ecology of the forests, their soils, and the atmospheric conditions experienced by these forests. Section II looks at experimental results from many air pollution studies and evaluates mechanisms of air pollution effects on red spruce trees. Section III synthesizes the current state of knowledge regarding the widespread red spruce decline in forests of the eastern United States.
Download or read book Age and Thinning Effects on Wood Properties of Red Spruce Picea Rubens Sarg written by Michael P. Wolcott and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten overstory red spruce were selected from a thinned stand and 10 from an unthinned stand. Average age of sample trees was approximately 80 years. Specific gravity reached a maximum at age 53 in the thinned stand and age 72 in the unthinned stand, after which it remained relatively constant. Stiffness reached a maximum at ages 35 and 50, and bending strength at ages 41 and 54; both remained relatively constant with further increases in age. Stiffness showed the largest relative difference between juvenile and mature wood, 22%, and specific gravity the smallest difference, 8%. Thinning did not adversely affect any of the properties, even though the width of some growth rings was increased by three to four times. These results suggest that (1) growth of mature red spruce stands can be increased by thinning without affecting wood physical properties, and (2) intensive management practices designed to shorten the rotation age may lead to stands that have not begun to produce mature wood before they are harvested. These short-rotation stands will contain a higher percentage of juvenile wood than stands presently being harvested, which means that pulp yields will decrease and the material will be less suitable for structural lumber.
Download or read book Some Chemical Properties of Red Spruce Picea Rubens Sarg on Three Soils in North central Maine written by Robert K. Shepard and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Red Spruce Picea Rubens written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Growing Red Spruce in the Nursery written by Maritimes Forest Research Centre and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fifth year Results from the Red Spruce Picea Rubens Sarg Fertilization Study written by Robert K. Shepard and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Red Spruce Its Growth and Management Classic Reprint written by Louis S. Murphy and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-17 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Red Spruce, Its Growth and Management Spruce is One Of the most important Woods in the Eastern United States. It grows On large areas in pure or nearly pure stands, is distributed over many Of the Northern States, and extends into the Southern Appalachians at the higher altitudes. It is used more than any other Wood in the manufacture Of paper, and supplies a large amount Of lumber and other material. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Response to Fertilization of Red Spruce Picea Rubens Sarg in Western Maine written by Robert K. Shepard and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Response of Red Spruce Picea Rubens Sarg to Nitrogen Fertilization as Affected by Soil Thinning and Application Rate written by Robert K. Shepard and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
