Download or read book The Red Brigades and Left wing Terrorism in Italy written by Raimondo Catanzaro and published by Bloomsbury Continuum. This book was released on 1991 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arguing that only by understanding terrorism can it be eradicated, this offers an in-depth study of terrorism in its particular Italian form with emphasis on the Red Brigades - looking at their organization, ideology and strategy. The contributors have had access to key source material.
Download or read book Red Brigades written by Robert C Meade and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989-12-13 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looks at the history and motivation of the Red Brigades, recounts the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro, and assesses Italy's anti-terrorist efforts.
Download or read book Puppetmasters written by Philip Willan and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2002 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The CIA has been accused of a massive intelligence failure in the run-up to the 9/11 attacks -- the result, it is said, of a moralistic and bureaucratic approach to information-gathering. But the CIA's spies had few qualms when it came to cultivating terrorist organisations and interfering in the internal politics of Cold War Italy. Puppetmasters reveals how US intelligence services exploited the P2 masonic lodge to prop up friendly Christian Democrat-dominated governments and counter the growing political influence of the Italian Communist Party. It was a ruthless strategy involving coup plots, right wing terrorist bombings and the manipulation of the Red Brigades. And it gave Italy one of the bloodiest and most protracted periods of terrorist violence ever seen in a modern, industrialised society.
Download or read book Terror Vanquished written by Simon Clark and published by Center for Security Policy Studies. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of Italy’s victory over the Red Brigades offers lessons that may be useful to America’s future. The United States has suffered from the horrors of home grown and global terrorism but so far has been spared the endemic violence of the kind that plagued Italy during the years of lead that are described in this volume. In 2003, Philip Heymann compared the US favorably to Italy, expressing relief that American society did not suffer from the kind of deep divisions that had created the conditions for the rise of the Red Brigades. Fifteen years later, Heymann’s confidence no longer looks so well founded. The political divisions in the United States have widened and become stubbornly entrenched. The combination of conspiratorial thinking, ideological division and a powerful sense of grievance, combined with the easy access to powerful weapons and a cult of political violence, should worry all those who are sworn to keep the peace.
Download or read book The Politics of Left Wing Violence in Italy 1969 85 written by David Moss and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989-10-03 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an account of the nature and parabola of left-wing political violence that began in Italy in the late 1960s. It covers not only the patterns of recruitment, organization and activity among armed groups, but also the responses elicited from opponents in various contexts.
Download or read book Anatomy of the Red Brigades written by Alessandro Orsini and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-15 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Red Brigades were a far-left terrorist group in Italy formed in 1970 and active all through the 1980s. Infamous around the world for a campaign of assassinations, kidnappings, and bank robberies intended as a "concentrated strike against the heart of the State," the Red Brigades' most notorious crime was the kidnapping and murder of Italy's former prime minister Aldo Moro in 1978. In the late 1990s, a new group of violent anticapitalist terrorists revived the name Red Brigades and killed a number of professors and government officials. Like their German counterparts in the Baader-Meinhof Group and today's violent political and religious extremists, the Red Brigades and their actions raise a host of questions about the motivations, ideologies, and mind-sets of people who commit horrific acts of violence in the name of a utopia. In the first English edition of a book that has won critical acclaim and major prizes in Italy, Alessandro Orsini contends that the dominant logic of the Red Brigades was essentially eschatological, focused on purifying a corrupt world through violence. Only through revolutionary terror, Brigadists believed, could humanity be saved from the putrefying effects of capitalism and imperialism. Through a careful study of all existing documentation produced by the Red Brigades and of all existing scholarship on the Red Brigades, Orsini reconstructs a worldview that can be as seductive as it is horrifying. Orsini has devised a micro-sociological theory that allows him to reconstruct the group dynamics leading to political homicide in extreme-left and neonazi terrorist groups. This "subversive-revolutionary feedback theory" states that the willingness to mete out and suffer death depends, in the last analysis, on how far the terrorist has been incorporated into the revolutionary sect. Orsini makes clear that this political-religious concept of historical development is central to understanding all such self-styled "purifiers of the world." From Thomas Müntzer's theocratic dream to Pol Pot's Cambodian revolution, all the violent "purifiers" of the world have a clear goal: to build a perfect society in which there will no longer be any sin and unhappiness and in which no opposition can be allowed to upset the universal harmony. Orsini’s book reconstructs the origins and evolution of a revolutionary tradition brought into our own times by the Red Brigades.
Download or read book The Rise And Fall Of Italian Terrorism written by Leonard Weinberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Italian democracy may not be as fragile as many of its observers feared or imagined. It has lasted more than twice as long as the Fascist dictatorship that preceded it. Since the end of the Second World War, Italy's citizens and their political leaders have had to overcome massive problems of both state and society that their counterparts in more tranquil parts of Europe have not encountered. The particular problem to which this book is devoted is that of political terrorism. This book deals with a large-scale and protracted outbreak of domestic terrorism. It is concerned with terrorist violence in Italy committed by Italians against other Italians, the purpose of which was to influence the course of that country's political life.
Download or read book Terrorism in Context written by Martha Crenshaw and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ending Terrorism in Italy written by Anna Cento Bull and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-07 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ending Terrorism in Italy analyses processes of disengagement from terrorism, as well as the connected issues of reconciliation, truth and justice. It examines in a critical and original way how terrorism came to an end in Italy (Part I), and the legacy it has left behind (Part II). The book interrogates a wide array of published memoirs and a considerable number of new face-to-face interviews with both former terrorists and first and second generation victims In the last two decades, and especially in recent years, former extreme-right terrorists in Italy have started to talk about their past involvement in terrorist violence, including, for the first time, acts of violence which have for decades been considered taboo, that is to say, bomb attacks against innocent civilians. These narratives add to the perspectives offered by members of left-wing terrorist groups, such as the Red Brigades and Prima Linea. Surprisingly, these narratives have not been systematically examined, yet they form a unique and extremely rich source of first-hand testimony, providing invaluable insights into processes of youth radicalization and de-radicalization, the social re-integration of ex-terrorists, as well as personal and collective healing. Even less attention has been paid to the victims’ narratives or stories. Indeed, the views and activities of the victims and their associations have been seriously neglected in the scholarly literature on terrorism, not just in Italy, but elsewhere in Europe. The book therefore examines the perspectives of the victims and relatives of victims of terrorism, who over the years have formed dedicated associations and campaigned relentlessly to obtain justice through the courts, with little or no support from the state and, especially in the case of the bombing massacres, with increasing awareness that the state played a role in thwarting the course of justice. Ending Terrorism in Italy will be of interest to historians, social scientists and policy makers as well as students of political violence and post-conflict resolution. .
Download or read book Threats to Democracy written by Franco Ferraresi and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-17 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents the first systematic research by a social scientist on the radical right-wing movements in Italy since 1945. During the heyday of right-wing violence between 1969 and 1980, street aggressions, attacks, and murders were commonplace. These bloody episodes were assumed to be the work of fanatical bands of "political soldiers" and urban warriors loosely controlled by secret services and other covert groups, which used them as part of a "strategy of tension" pursued in domestic and international circles. Franco Ferraresi here acknowledges that these rightist groups were in fact permitted a certain amount of freedom, and even in some cases actually aided, in the hope that revulsion at terrorist tactics would have the effect of mobilizing public opinion in favor of existing political arrangements. However, he also studies the extent to which they operated as autonomous units, while he carefully considers the political heritage, the doctrines, and the ideology that motivated them. With the decline of violent activity on both extremes of the political spectrum in the early 1980s, the theory and practice so comprehensively discussed by Ferraresi seemed to have entered a dormant stage. Ferraresi, however, places in context the recent resurgence of neo-fascist forces in Italy, and of the so-called New Right throughout Europe, together with the rise of fundamentalism in many parts of the world.
Download or read book Italian Neofascism written by Anna Cento Bull and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2011-12 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Cold War Italy witnessed the existence of an anomalous version of a civil conflict, defined as a 'creeping' or a 'low-intensity' civil war. Political violence escalated, including bomb attacks against civilians, starting with a massacre in Milan, on 12 December 1969, and culminating with the massacre in Bologna, on 2 August 1980. Making use of the literature on national reconciliation and narrative psychology theory, this book examines the fight over the 'judicial' and the 'historical' truth in Italy today, through a contrasting analysis of judicial findings and the 'narratives of victimhood' prevalent among representatives of both the post- and the neo-fascist right.
Download or read book The Revolutionary Mystique and Terrorism in Contemporary Italy written by Richard Drake and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What drives terrorists to glorify violence? In The Revolutionary Mystique and Terrorism in Contemporary Italy, Richard Drake seeks to explain the origins of Italian terrorism and the role that intellectuals played in valorizing the use of violence for political or social ends. Drake argues that a combination of socioeconomic factors and the influence of intellectual elites led to a sanctioning of violence by revolutionary political groups in Italy between 1969 and 1988. Drake explores what motivated Italian terrorists on both the Left and the Right during some of the most violent decades in modern Italian history and how these terrorists perceived the modern world as something to be destroyed rather than reformed. In 1989, The Revolutionary Mystique and Terrorism in Contemporary Italy received the Howard R. Marraro Prize from the Society for Italian Historical Studies. It was awarded for the best book that year on Italian history. The book is reissued now with a new introduction for the light it might shed on current terrorist challenges. The Italians had success in combating terrorism. We might learn something from their example. The section of the book dealing with the Italian "superfascist" philosopher, Julius Evola, holds special interest today. Drake's original work takes on new significance in the light of Evola's recent surge of popularity for members of America's alt-right movement.
Download or read book Red Brigades BR written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT), located in Herzlia, Israel, provides a profile for the terrorist organization, the Red Brigades (BR), which was based in Italy. The ultra-leftist group's goal was to separate Italy from the Western Alliance. This group is not currently active. The ICT discusses the history, ideology and strategy, and terrorist activities of the BR.
Download or read book The Red Brigades written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formed in 1970, the Brigate Rosse (Red Brigades) sought to create a revolutionary state through armed struggle and to separate Italy from the Western Alliance (NATO). The Red Brigades' main aim was the overthrow of the Italian government, the weakening of NATO and the creation of a Marxist state. On 16 March 1978, the former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro was kidnapped in a violent ambush, which left five men dead at the scene. Two days later, his kidnappers revealed themselves as the Red Brigades, a notorious terrorist group which had bombed and shot its way across Italy since the early 1970s. Eight weeks later, Moro's dead body was dumped in downtown Rome. In December 1981, the Red Brigades kidnapped another high profile victim: a senior NATO staff officer, US Brigadier-General James Dozier. He was freed 42 days later in a daring raid by Italian commandos. But, like so many other terror groups the world over, their campaign of violence got them nowhere. In the 1980s, the group was broken up by Italian investigators, with the aid of several leaders under arrest who assisted the authorities in capturing the other members. Part of the BBC series, International Terrorism since 1945, The Red Brigades looks at the current affairs and politics behind some of the most infamous terrorist attacks.
Download or read book Leftist Terrorism written by Viktor Vladimirovich Viti︠u︡k and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Right wing Terrorism in Europe written by Bruce Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Historical Roots of Political Violence written by Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers the first comprehensive analysis of the wave of revolutionary terrorism in affluent countries.
