Download or read book The Record of Human Climate Interactions in Lake Sediments written by Heinrich Ristedt and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Record of Human climate Interactions in Lake Sediments written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Influence of Climate Change and Human induced Environmental Degradation on Lake Victoria written by Julius B. Lejju and published by African Books Collective. This book was released on 2012 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lake Victoria basin, an international water body that offers the riparian communities a large number of important benefits, has in the last four decades experienced drastic environmental changes, with a significant drop in its water level in the more recent years. The changes in water level have significantly affected the energy supply in the region and threatened the lives of the riparian population engaged, directly and indirectly, in subsistence and commercial fishing, and the agricultural and industrial sectors. The reduction in lake levels has attracted conflicting speculation. Environmentalists attribute it to reduced rainfall experienced in the East African region, while hydrologists blame it on environmental degradation and excessive water release through the operations of the Kiira-Nalubale hydroelectric power dams at Jinja. This research provides evidence of long-term environment changes in Lake Victoria and a contribution to the understanding of the past environmental conditions in the lake basin. It provides the history of human environment interactions, including the possible cause for the dynamics of the lake levels, giving possible options that can help to remedy and/or mitigate the environmental degradation in the region.

Download or read book Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-01-04 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity brings together scientific, archaeological and historical evidence on the interplay of social change and environmental phenomena at the end of Antiquity and the dawn of the Middle Ages, ca. 300-800 AD.

Download or read book Lake Sediments as Evidence of Natural and Human induced Environmental Change from California and Nevada written by Liam Michael Reidy and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focuses on the history of natural and human-induced environmental change as recorded in the sediments of two lakes: Mountain Lake in the Presidio National Park, San Francisco, California and Big Soda Lake, near Fallon, Churchill County, Nevada. The records of these lakes examined in this study cover approximately the last 2,000 years. Sediment cores from the lakes were dated with radiocarbon, lead-210, plutonium 240/239, tephrachronology, and the first appearance of non-native pollen types. The cores were analyzed to determine changes in stable isotopes (carbon and oxygen), sediment chemistry, fossil pollen, magnetic susceptibility, organic content, and brine shrimp cyst concentrations. Big Soda Lake has been the subject of scientific investigation since the 19th Century and two famous scientists have previously worked at the site. First, the geologist, Israel Russell explored the lake in 1882 as part of his work on Pleistocene Lake Lahontan and provided the first scientific report on the lake. Later in 1933, Evelyn Hutchinson, the famous Yale limnologist, provided the first detailed limnological report for the lake. More recently in the 1980's, the lake has been studied by scientists from the United States Geological Survey. However, prior to the research reported on here, very little was known of the history of the lake or to what extent its sediments contained a useful record of environmental change. The sediments of Big Soda Lake provide clear evidence for both natural and human-induced environmental change during the past 1600 years. The climate record developed from the analyses of stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon, sediment chemistry, and the concentrations of brine shrimp cysts show several significant shifts in climate. The early part of the record from A.D. 400-850 is period marked by a fluctuating climate, with alternating wet/dry phases each lasting several decades each (40-60 years). During the period known as the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA)(A.D. 850-1400), we observe at least two relatively dry periods from A.D. 850-1150 and A.D. 1260-1400. Between the two dry phases, there is a pronounced wet period from A.D. 1150-1260. This wet period matches fairly well with evidence presented in other paleoenvironmental studies in the western Great Basin. During the Little Ice Age (LIA), the evidence indicates that the Big Soda Lake area was not always colder and/or wetter, but that it was in fact drier and perhaps warmer from A.D. 1400-1700 than it had been in the previous millennium. Pronounced dry phases were observed around A.D. 1400, A.D. 1500 and A.D. 1650. The wettest period during the LIA came between A.D. 1750-1800. The human impact record at Big Soda Lake developed from the analyses of stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon, sediment chemistry, and the concentrations of brine shrimp cysts show several dramatic changes in and around the lake since Anglo American settlement of the area began, in the 1850's. Several human impacts have been identified, including regional mining activity, soda salt extraction from the lake, and irrigation induced rising groundwater levels in the last century. Two of these events have dramatically impacted the lake in that time. Firstly, the development of a commercial soda manufacturing and processing facility at the lake beginning in 1875 until the early 20th century; and secondly, the development of irrigation agriculture which led to an 18 m rise in lake level in the first few decades of the twentieth century. The sediments at Mountain Lake provide evidence of unprecedented heavy metal contamination at the San Francisco Presidio during the past 60 years. The lake evidence is consistent with local land-use changes initiated by the arrival of Europeans in the area after 1776 and the construction of California State Highway 1 adjacent to the lake in the late 1930's. The study shows how small water bodies alongside roads can concentrate heavy metals and demonstrates the need for careful scientific investigation of sediments earmarked for dredging to determine what if any contaminants are present. A key outcome of the Mountain Lake research carried out as part of this dissertation was that in the Fall of 2011 a Federal judge ordered the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) to pay 13.5 million dollars to the Presidio Trust so that the contaminated sediments could be removed and further run-off from the road be prevented from entering the lake.

Download or read book Understanding Climate s Influence on Human Evolution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-04-17 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hominin fossil record documents a history of critical evolutionary events that have ultimately shaped and defined what it means to be human, including the origins of bipedalism; the emergence of our genus Homo; the first use of stone tools; increases in brain size; and the emergence of Homo sapiens, tools, and culture. The Earth's geological record suggests that some evolutionary events were coincident with substantial changes in African and Eurasian climate, raising the possibility that critical junctures in human evolution and behavioral development may have been affected by the environmental characteristics of the areas where hominins evolved. Understanding Climate's Change on Human Evolution explores the opportunities of using scientific research to improve our understanding of how climate may have helped shape our species. Improved climate records for specific regions will be required before it is possible to evaluate how critical resources for hominins, especially water and vegetation, would have been distributed on the landscape during key intervals of hominin history. Existing records contain substantial temporal gaps. The book's initiatives are presented in two major research themes: first, determining the impacts of climate change and climate variability on human evolution and dispersal; and second, integrating climate modeling, environmental records, and biotic responses. Understanding Climate's Change on Human Evolution suggests a new scientific program for international climate and human evolution studies that involve an exploration initiative to locate new fossil sites and to broaden the geographic and temporal sampling of the fossil and archeological record; a comprehensive and integrative scientific drilling program in lakes, lake bed outcrops, and ocean basins surrounding the regions where hominins evolved and a major investment in climate modeling experiments for key time intervals and regions that are critical to understanding human evolution.

Download or read book Abrupt Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-23 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The climate record for the past 100,000 years clearly indicates that the climate system has undergone periodic-and often extreme-shifts, sometimes in as little as a decade or less. The causes of abrupt climate changes have not been clearly established, but the triggering of events is likely to be the result of multiple natural processes. Abrupt climate changes of the magnitude seen in the past would have far-reaching implications for human society and ecosystems, including major impacts on energy consumption and water supply demands. Could such a change happen again? Are human activities exacerbating the likelihood of abrupt climate change? What are the potential societal consequences of such a change? Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises looks at the current scientific evidence and theoretical understanding to describe what is currently known about abrupt climate change, including patterns and magnitudes, mechanisms, and probability of occurrence. It identifies critical knowledge gaps concerning the potential for future abrupt changes, including those aspects of change most important to society and economies, and outlines a research strategy to close those gaps. Based on the best and most current research available, this book surveys the history of climate change and makes a series of specific recommendations for the future.

Download or read book Lacustrine Records of Holocene Climate History and Human driven Landscape Evolution in the Lofoten Islands Norway written by Genevieve Pugsley and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lake sediments are useful paleoenvironmental archives; however their sensitivity to change depends on lake and catchment-specific characteristics. Here I present analyses of lacustrine records from two contrasting lakes on Vestvågøy in the Lofoten Islands, Norway to investigate regional responses to Holocene climate changes and human-driven landscape evolution. Sediment cores spanning the last c. 7 kyr were collected from Lauvdalsvatnet, a small lake (~0.17 km2) with a steep-sided catchment and large catchment-to-lake-area ratio (~18.8), and Ostadvatnet, a larger lake (~1.2 km2) with a smaller catchment-to-lake-area ratio (~5.2) and lower slope catchment. Sediment analyses included magnetic susceptibility, organic-matter content, bulk density, biogenic silica, CNS elemental analysis, x-radiography and scanning X-ray fluorescence. Chronologies are based on radiocarbon dating of terrestrial macrofossils. In the Lauvdalsvatnet record, which is finely laminated and displays high-frequency variability in all sediment properties throughout, clastic sedimentation indicators increase c. 5.5 ka, and decline c. 2.8 ka. Biogenic silica values abruptly decline c. 3.8 ka. During the late Holocene, a large peak then abrupt, lasting decline in organic-matter content occurs c. 1.9 ka, followed by fluctuations in magnetic susceptibility and increased sedimentation rates starting c. 0.5 ka. In the Ostadvatnet record, C/N values are heightened from c. 3.8-2.8 ka, synchronous with peaks in detrital sedimentation indicators in Lauvdalsvatnet. In the late Holocene portion of the Ostadvatnet record, high-amplitude fluctuations in organic-matter concentration begin c. 2.5 ka, followed by decreasing C/N values and increasing magnetic susceptibility since c. 1.9 ka. I attribute changes in Lauvdalsvatnet sediment characteristics during the mid to late Holocene to changes in precipitation and weathering patterns c. 5.5 and 2.8 ka, and decreasing temperatures beginning c. 3.7 ka associated with regional termination of the Holocene Thermal Maximum. Ostadvatnet was less sensitive to mid-Holocene climate changes, likely due its lower catchment-to-lake-area ratio and the lower slope of its catchment. Both lakes record changes in sediment properties after c. 2.5 ka, which are likely related to the onset of local agriculture and early human population expansion. These results have implications for understanding when and how climate in the Lofoten region responded to past global changes, including during the Holocene thermal maximum and neoglacial transition. They also suggest that onset of agriculture in the central corridor of Vestvågøy c. 2.5 ka preceded settlement in at least one peripheral valley, improving understanding of early human-landscape interactions.

Download or read book Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments written by H. John B. Birks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-06 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical and statistical methods have rapidly become part of a palaeolimnologist’s tool-kit. They are used to explore and summarise complex data, reconstruct past environmental variables from fossil assemblages, and test competing hypotheses about the causes of observed changes in lake biota through history. This book brings together a wide array of numerical and statistical techniques currently available for use in palaeolimnology and other branches of palaeoecology. ​ Visit http://extras.springer.com the Springer's Extras website to view data-sets, figures, software, and R scripts used or mentioned in this book.

Download or read book Holocene Climate Variability written by E. Jansen and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 2004 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an update of results on the record of past ocean variability since the end of the ice age. This work gives an overview of many aspects of natural climate variability and give both scholars and students a means of keeping up to date on recent developments in the field.

Download or read book Climate and Human History of the North Atlantic written by Lorelei Curtin and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this case, I found that the Faroe Islands slowly transitioned over the Holocene from a climate that was warmer and wetter than present conditions, to a climate that is cooler and drier. In the Faroes, the Last Interglacial climate was similar to the early Holocene. In Chapter 3, I use fecal biomarkers and sedimentary ancient DNA to determine that humans arrived 300 years prior than previously thought. Human settlement caused erosion in the catchment and a shift in the vegetation community. In Chapter 4, I use the hydrogen isotopic composition of leaf waxes in conjunction with a biomarker-based temperature reconstruction from a lake in Iceland to determine past shifts in regional atmospheric circulation. I found that a shift towards more northerly-sourced precipitation, consistent with conditions similar to a positive NAO, occurred at the same time as regional neoglaciation and expansion of sea ice. All together, these records advance our understanding of Holocene and Last Interglacial climate change, the human settlement history.

Download or read book The Application of Lake Sediments for Climate Studies written by Praveen K. Mishra and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-01 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book discusses a comprehensive overview of various limnological approaches for climate studies, and sheds light on a multi-dimensional approach (i.e., field, laboratory, and data analysis; modern investigations; proxy development/calibration; proxy interpretation; and validation of climate models with proxy data) for climate reconstruction. The study highlighted the utilization of lake sediment as an archive for paleoclimate research. With the help of several case studies from around the globe (Israel, India, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan, Tibet, China and Europe), this brief provides a unique way to understand the implication of the methodological framework for climate studies. The book emphasizes the importance of field-based modern investigations to establish baseline characteristics of lake basins according to changes in environmental conditions. It also unveils the role of paleoclimate studies in climate model validation to forecast future climate variability. The book is a valuable resource for early career researchers interested in climate studies especially those using lake sediments as climate archive.

Download or read book Late Holocene Environmental Variability as Recorded in the Sediment of a Northeastern Ohio Kettle Lake written by Julian L. Grochocki and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lake sediment can provide records of past changes in climate, water budget and lake level, ecosystems, and human impacts to the environment. This study uses the sediment from Brady Lake, a kettle lake in northeastern Ohio, to determine Late Holocene natural and anthropogenic environmental variability. Because no bathymetric map of the lake was available, one was created in ArcMap by collecting 7,507 latitude, longitude, and water depth measurements with a Garmen 125 fathometer and GPS unit. Sediment dispersal processes were studied by collecting surface samples throughout Brady Lake. Dense, sandy sediment, having low organic content (

Download or read book Past interactions between climate land use and vegetation written by Laurent Marquer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High resolution Lake Sediment Records in Climate and Environment Variability Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments written by John P. Smol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third volume in the Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research series deals with the major terrestrial, algal, and siliceous indicators used in paleolimnology. Other volumes deal with the acquisition and archiving of lake sediment cores, chronological techniques, and large-scale basin analysis methods (Volume 1), physical and geochemical parameters and methods (Volume 2), zoological techniques (Volume 4), and statistical and data handling methods (Volume 5). These monographs will provide sufficient detail and breadth to be useful handbooks for both seasoned practitioners as well as newcomers to the area of paleolimnology. Although the chapters in these volumes target mainly lacustrine settings, many of the techniques described can also be readily applied to fluvial, glacial, marine, estuarine, and peatland environments.

Download or read book Paleolimnology Insights from sedimentary archives written by Adriana Aránguiz-Acuña and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-16 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: