Download or read book The Real Estate Market Risk of Banks Evidence of its Importance and Consequences for Managing Risk in Real Estate Lending written by Carsten Lausberg and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real estate lending is a risky business. There is ample evidence from many countries for heavy bank losses or even failures caused by defaulted real estate loans. Particularly during real estate crises the losses tend to rise dramatically so that in some cases the banking system as a whole is endangered. It seems that lenders do not have the right instruments for managing all the risks inherent to real estate loans. On the other hand proper instruments cannot exist if the nature of real estate risks is not completely known. Therefore it is necessary to create new risk management instruments based on a sound analysis of real estate risks and of the demands on risk management.(This paper is an extract from my doctoral dissertation titled quot;The Real Estate Market Risk of German Banksquot;, written between 1994 and 1998. In 2004 I wrote an update with the title quot;The Real Estate Market Risk of Banks - Revisitedquot;, see http://ssrn.com/abstract=947987). It seems that it is high time to write another update in the light of the events of the worldwide financial crisis that followed the US subprime crisis!).
Download or read book The Effect of House Prices on Bank Risk written by Ádám Banai and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Housing market is important from a macroprudential perspective because it has a strong effect on the banking sector. Changes in real estate prices may affect the level of bank risk through household mortgage lending, however, the literature has no clear conclusion on this impact mechanism. Using a bank-level database containing quarterly data from 1998 to 2016 we estimated dynamic fixed-effects panel models to examine how bank risk is influenced by housing prices via mortgage lending in the Hungarian banking system. According to the results (1) higher house prices lead to higher bank risk, (2) the higher the share of mortgage loans at a bank, the stronger the positive effect of house prices on bank risk. In the period following the onset of the crisis a much stronger positive relationship could be observed between house prices and bank risk than before the crisis. Using the house price gap which measures the deviation of house prices from their fundamental value we provide empirical evidence that the deviation hypothesis was stronger for Hungary. This suggests that both banks and households tend to undertake excessive risks during a housing market boom, which can be mitigated by macroprudential policy instruments.
Download or read book Commercial Real Estate and Financial Stability Evidence from the US Banking Sector written by Mr. Salih Fendoglu and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-05-26 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This note analyzes the implications of changes in commercial real estate (CRE) prices for the stability of the US banking sector. Using detailed bank-level and CRE price data for US metropolitan statistical areas, the analysis shows that, following a decline in CRE prices, banks with greater exposures to CRE loans perform worse than their counterparts, experiencing higher non-performing CRE loans, lower revenues, and lower capital. These effects are particularly pronounced if the drop in CRE prices turns out to be persistent because of possible structural shifts in CRE demand—for example, because of an increased trend toward e-commerce and teleworking—even after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is over. The impact of a decline in CRE prices is especially true for small and community banks, which tend to have the highest CRE loan exposures. While the US banking sector has remained resilient during the pandemic crisis due to strong capital buffers and massive policy support, these findings suggest that continued vigilance is warranted with regard to potential downside risks to CRE prices amidst ongoing structural shifts in the sector.
Download or read book Risk Exposures and Lending Structures of Malaysian Banks written by Aisyah Abdul-Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Real Estate Risk in Equity Returns written by Gaston Michel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-03 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gaston Michel investigates whether shocks to real estate markets constitute an important source of the risk that is priced in the cross section of equity returns. His results document that real estate risk explains a large part of the cross-sectional variation in equity returns. He shows that an alternative modeI which includes the real estate factor performs as well as or better than the Fama-French model in pricing equity returns.
Download or read book Risk Management and Financial Institutions written by John C. Hull and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-02-08 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RISK MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS THE GOLD STANDARD IN FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT TEXTBOOKS In the newly revised sixth edition of Risk Management and Financial Institutions, celebrated risk and derivatives expert John C. Hull delivers an incisive and comprehensive discussion of financial risk and financial institution regulation. In the book, you’ll learn to understand the financial markets, the risks they pose to various kinds of financial institutions, and how those risks are affected by common regulatory structures. This book blends discussion of best practices in risk management with holistic treatments of how financial institutions are regulated. It explores market, credit, liquidity, model, climate, cyber, and operational risk. This latest edition also offers: Updated ancillary and digital materials covering all the latest content, including software, practice questions, and teaching supplements Access to an updated website that reflects the new content Fulsome coverage of the most important financial market developments since the publication of the fifth edition, including regulatory changes, the growing importance of climate risk, the use of machine learning models, and the disappearance of LIBOR A must-have resource for undergraduate and graduate students of business and finance, Risk Management and Financial Institutions, Sixth Edition, cements this celebrated text as the gold standard in risk management resources.
Download or read book The 1985 94 global real estate cycle its causes and consequences written by Bertrand Renaud and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Credit Analysis and Risk Management written by Pascal Gantenbein and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-11-10 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Credit risk plays a crucial role in most financial transactions in one form or another and therefore contributes to various different layers of economic activity. Three key elements in the analysis of credit risk can be distinguished, namely: (1) the lender-borrower relationship, which is at the core of the entire discussion on credit risk; (2) the pricing of credit risk in financial markets; and (3) the relevance of financial stability and regulation related to the occurrence of credit risk. This book captures these areas in a comprehensive way by highlighting some of the current issues and related questions.
Download or read book Banking Regulation Enhanced Guidance on Commercial Real Estate Risks Needed written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study on Risk Management Practices in Public and Private Sector Banks written by N. Fathima Thabassum and published by Archers & Elevators Publishing House. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Evidence and Impact of Financial Globalization written by Gerard Caprio and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-11-27 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sharp realities of financial globalization become clear during crises, when winners and losers emerge. Crises usher in short- and long-term changes to the status quo, and everyone agrees that learning from crises is a top priority. The Evidence and Impact of Financial Globalization devotes separate articles to specific crises, the conditions that cause them, and the longstanding arrangements devised to address them. While other books and journal articles treat these subjects in isolation, this volume presents a wide-ranging, consistent, yet varied specificity. Substantial, authoritative, and useful, these articles provide material unavailable elsewhere. Substantial articles by top scholars sets this volume apart from other information sources Rapidly developing subjects will interest readers well into the future Reader demand and lack of competitors underline the high value of these reference works
Download or read book Risk Management in Banking written by Joël Bessis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 997 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Never before has risk management been so important. Now in its third edition, this seminal work by Joël Bessis has been comprehensively revised and updated to take into account the changing face of risk management. Fully restructured, featuring new material and discussions on new financial products, derivatives, Basel II, credit models based on time intensity models, implementing risk systems and intensity models of default, it also includes a section on Subprime that discusses the crisis mechanisms and makes numerous references throughout to the recent stressed financial conditions. The book postulates that risk management practices and techniques remain of major importance, if implemented in a sound economic way with proper governance. Risk Management in Banking, Third Edition considers all aspects of risk management emphasizing the need to understand conceptual and implementation issues of risk management and examining the latest techniques and practical issues, including: Asset-Liability Management Risk regulations and accounting standards Market risk models Credit risk models Dependencies modeling Credit portfolio models Capital Allocation Risk-adjusted performance Credit portfolio management Building on the considerable success of this classic work, the third edition is an indispensable text for MBA students, practitioners in banking and financial services, bank regulators and auditors alike.
Download or read book Managing Credit Risk written by John B. Caouette and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-12 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing Credit Risk, Second Edition opens with a detailed discussion of today’s global credit markets—touching on everything from the emergence of hedge funds as major players to the growing influence of rating agencies. After gaining a firm understanding of these issues, you’ll be introduced to some of the most effective credit risk management tools, techniques, and vehicles currently available. If you need to keep up with the constant changes in the world of credit risk management, this book will show you how.
Download or read book Risk in the Global Real Estate Market written by Mike C. I. Nwogugu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-26 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential reading for professional investors, risk managers, regulators, central bankers, and real estate professionals, Risk in the Global Real Estate Market: International Risk Regulation, Mechanism Design, Foreclosures, Title Systems, and REITs takes an international look at the ways in which U.S.-style constitutional laws, financial laws, and real estate laws in various countries affect global economics and risk; and analyzes specific constraints that deter market development such as Asset Liability Matching, inappropriate financial products, land title systems, inefficient constitutions and human biases. The sub-prime mortgage crisis (that began around 2006) and the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2010 disrupted the economies of various countries and exposed many of the psychological, social, and economic problems inherent in the legal/risk infrastructure for mortgages, land title systems, REITs, securitization, and pensions. In this remarkable new book, Michael Nwogugu explains how these processes and statutes are unconstitutional and inefficient, and how they influence demand for housing, real estate prices, retirement savings, household wealth, consumer disposable income, marriage opportunities, job markets, crime, and regional economic growth. The resulting major economic and public health problems have continued to reduce the quality-of-life of nations, and continue to cause permanent declines in wealth, increases in crime and delinquency, high divorce rates, depression, and inadequate job creation, among other problems. The book examines a range of fields—including mechanism design, psychology, risk finance, and corporate governance; and emphasizes Constitutional economics as a distinct dimension of risk analysis. Risk in the Global Real Estate Market makes a compelling case about how constitutional torts increase information asymmetry, transaction costs, agency problems, and compliance costs, as well as inefficiency in real estate transactions. These problems, the book argues, are not unique to the United States, but also affect Commonwealth countries and other nations that have developed regulations that are similar to, or are based on U.S. commercial, securities, and or constitutional laws. Risk in the Global Real Estate Market presents a novel analysis of the sub-prime crisis (that first began in 2006), the failure of securitization (CMBS/MBS) markets, the Global Financial Crisis, and socio-economic problems caused by traditional mortgages and securitization. The book reveals that many of the statutes and processes that define mortgages, foreclosures, securitization, and REITs in the United States (and many common-law countries and nations that have adopted American-style real estate regulations) are fundamentally unconstitutional and inefficient, and have lasting negative effects on consumer psychology, the demand for real estate, price discovery in property markets, economic growth, and quality of life. The book examines the nature of constitutional torts and property rights as the foundation for business transactions and economic growth within the context of risk regulation, interstate commerce, takings, and legislation. Risk in the Global Real Estate Market introduces new theories of consumer psychology and institutional dynamics in real estate transactions; presents new theories of takings, and also surveys psychology/psychiatry studies (based on data from various countries) that confirm the harmful effects of mortgages, securitization, and foreclosures. Using elements of mechanism design, Michael Nwogugu develops new efficient financial products (Mortgage-Alternatives products), and presents a policy framework for a unified “Mortgage-Alternatives” market for the CEE/CIS region and China. He also explains why Asset Liability Matching hinders lending, capital formation and risk management, especially in developing countries.
Download or read book Risk in the Global Real Estate Market written by Mike C. I. Nwogugu and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2012-02-28 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential reading for professional investors, risk managers, regulators, central bankers, and real estate professionals, Risk in the Global Real Estate Market: International Risk Regulation, Mechanism Design, Foreclosures, Title Systems, and REITs takes an international look at the ways in which U.S.-style constitutional laws, financial laws, and real estate laws in various countries affect global economics and risk; and analyzes specific constraints that deter market development such as Asset Liability Matching, inappropriate financial products, land title systems, inefficient constitutions and human biases. The sub-prime mortgage crisis (that began around 2006) and the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2010 disrupted the economies of various countries and exposed many of the psychological, social, and economic problems inherent in the legal/risk infrastructure for mortgages, land title systems, REITs, securitization, and pensions. In this remarkable new book, Michael Nwogugu explains how these processes and statutes are unconstitutional and inefficient, and how they influence demand for housing, real estate prices, retirement savings, household wealth, consumer disposable income, marriage opportunities, job markets, crime, and regional economic growth. The resulting major economic and public health problems have continued to reduce the quality-of-life of nations, and continue to cause permanent declines in wealth, increases in crime and delinquency, high divorce rates, depression, and inadequate job creation, among other problems. The book examines a range of fields—including mechanism design, psychology, risk finance, and corporate governance; and emphasizes Constitutional economics as a distinct dimension of risk analysis. Risk in the Global Real Estate Market makes a compelling case about how constitutional torts increase information asymmetry, transaction costs, agency problems, and compliance costs, as well as inefficiency in real estate transactions. These problems, the book argues, are not unique to the United States, but also affect Commonwealth countries and other nations that have developed regulations that are similar to, or are based on U.S. commercial, securities, and or constitutional laws. Risk in the Global Real Estate Market presents a novel analysis of the sub-prime crisis (that first began in 2006), the failure of securitization (CMBS/MBS) markets, the Global Financial Crisis, and socio-economic problems caused by traditional mortgages and securitization. The book reveals that many of the statutes and processes that define mortgages, foreclosures, securitization, and REITs in the United States (and many common-law countries and nations that have adopted American-style real estate regulations) are fundamentally unconstitutional and inefficient, and have lasting negative effects on consumer psychology, the demand for real estate, price discovery in property markets, economic growth, and quality of life. The book examines the nature of constitutional torts and property rights as the foundation for business transactions and economic growth within the context of risk regulation, interstate commerce, takings, and legislation. Risk in the Global Real Estate Market introduces new theories of consumer psychology and institutional dynamics in real estate transactions; presents new theories of takings, and also surveys psychology/psychiatry studies (based on data from various countries) that confirm the harmful effects of mortgages, securitization, and foreclosures. Using elements of mechanism design, Michael Nwogugu develops new efficient financial products (Mortgage-Alternatives products), and presents a policy framework for a unified “Mortgage-Alternatives” market for the CEE/CIS region and China. He also explains why Asset Liability Matching hinders lending, capital formation and risk management, especially in developing countries.
Download or read book Three Essays on Financial Institutions and Real Estate written by Robert Deacle and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines several aspects of U.S. financial institutions' real estate-related activity. The first two essays examine the impact of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) membership and funding on bank and thrift holding company (BHC and THC) risk and returns. The first essay uses risk measures derived from BHC and THC stock prices, while the second essay uses risk measures based upon BHC and THC bond prices. The third essay studies the impact of BHC investment in real estate on risk and returns using measures based on stock prices. In the first essay, BHC and THC stock portfolios are formed along several dimensions. Bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models are estimated to produce measures of total risk, market risk, and interest rate risk for the time period from the beginning of 2001 through 2009. Two sets of results related to FHLB activity are obtained. First, FHLB membership is found to be associated with lower total risk and market risk while having no association with interest rate risk. Second, and similarly, greater reliance on FHLB advances is associated with lower total risk and market risk but is not associated with interest rate risk. These results are consistent with the view that the risks created by government backing of the FHLB system and some of the system's policies are mitigated by FHLB policies and products that reduce risk. In addition, THC stocks are found to have lower total and market risk than the portfolio of BHC stocks. The second essay investigates the relationship of both FHLB membership and funding with BHC and THC risk by using the cost of uninsured debt as a measure of risk. These relationships are analyzed in a simultaneous equation regression framework using data from the start of the third quarter of 2002 through the end of the first quarter of 2009. The cost of uninsured debt is proxied by yield spreads calculated from trading data on holding company (HC) bonds. Several interesting results are obtained. Reliance on advances is found to have a negative effect on the cost of debt throughout the sample period (the third quarter of 2002 through the first quarter of 2009). Cost of debt has a significant effect on the level of advances only during the recent financial crisis (the third quarter of 2007 through the first quarter of 2009), when the effect is negative. The negative association between cost of debt and the level of advances suggests that BHCs and THCs, on the whole, do not use FHLB advances to make unusually risky loans and supports the argument that FHLB policies and services have some risk-reducing effects. FHLB membership, independent of advances, is found to have no influence on HC cost of debt. Additional analysis indicates that THC status is associated with higher cost of debt than BHC status. The third essay examines the influence of real estate investment by BHCs from the third quarter of 1990 through the fourth quarter of 2010 on their risks and returns. Portfolios are formed of BHC stocks according to BHCs' ratio of real estate investment to total assets and according to the type of regulation - lenient or strict - under which they invest in real estate. Tests of differences in median portfolio returns between these portfolios are performed. In addition, the effects of real estate investment on risk and return are estimated using univariate GARCH models of portfolio returns. The main results are as follows: 1) BHCs that invest in real estate have greater total risk and lower risk-adjusted returns than those that do not; 2) greater real estate investment is associated with lower returns and greater market risk for some types of BHCs while it is not associated with significant differences in total risk or risk-adjusted returns; and 3) BHCs that invest in real estate under relatively lenient rules have lower returns, greater total risk, and lower risk-adjusted returns than those that invest in real estate under relatively strict rules. The results indicate that benefits from real estate investment by banks - such as diversification of cash flows, economies of scale and scope, and increased charter value - are outweighed by greater variability of returns and lower returns due to BHCs' lack of expertise in the field. The findings also provide evidence that rules granting banks greater freedom to invest in real estate result in increased risk but not increased returns.
Download or read book Commercial Real Estate Lending written by Oliver R. Sims and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the results of a study of FDIC-supervised institutions with significant acquisition, development, and construction (ADC) loan concentrations that did not fail during the recent economic downturn. ADC loans are considered the riskiest type of commercial real estate (CRE) lending. During the recent financial crisis, FDIC analysis shows that failed institutions had concentrations of ADC loans to total assets that were roughly three times the average of concentrations of non-failed institutions. This book studies the characteristics and supervisory approaches for FDIC-supervised institutions that had significant ADC loan concentrations and were not considered to be problem banks as of April 2011, with a focus on the identifying factors that may have helped banks mitigate the risks historically associated with ADC concentrations during periods of economic stress.
