Download or read book The Rate of Oxygen Evolution from Aviation Turbine Fuel Within Aircraft Fuel Tanks written by Adam Paul Harris and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing the effects of dissolved air evolution from aviation fuel has presented long-standing issues for the design and operation of aircraft fuel systems. This phenomenon, known colloquially as fuel outgassing, is responsible for a broad spectrum of fuel system issues, including; increased fuel tank flammability, two-phase flow in pipes, fuel pump cavitation and fuel tank over- pressurisation. The rate and effects of oxygen evolution from Jet A-I aviation turbine fuel is studied here using experimental techniques, dimensional modelling and aircraft flight testing. The rate of fuel agitation present within a laboratory fuel tank was demonstrated to have the greatest effect on the rate of oxygen evolution from the fuel. Oxygen evolution rate increased hyperbolic ally with increasing fuel agitation rate under pressure and temperature conditions consistent with an aircraft fuel tank during flight. Dimensional modelling was used to estimate the rate of oxygen evolution in an Airbus A320-200 aircraft fuel tank from measurements made on a dimensionally similar laboratory model. The extrapolated rate of oxygen evolution from similarity laws was found to be over 200% greater in the A320 inner wing fuel tank than that measured in the laboratory model. Further work is required to validate the similarity laws of fuel outgassing with flight test data if dimensional modelling is to be adopted for estimating fuel outgassing rates in aircraft fuel tank flammability studies. Flight testing on an Airbus A340-300 aircraft revealed the effect of fuel outgassing on a nitrogen inerted Centre Wing Fuel Tank (CWT) ullage to be minimal. CWT ullage oxygen concentration increased primarily due to atmospheric air inspired via the vent system, resulting from a reducing fuel quantity in the CWT. This unexpected result is believed to have been influenced by a combination of the fuel's tendency to absorb nitrogen from the ullage during CWT refuel, a large ullage to fuel ratio and near quiescent CWT fuel conditions.
Download or read book Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels written by Robert N. Hazlett and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1991 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aviation Fuel written by Perry W. Kirklin and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1992 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For technical readers in the aviation and fuel industries, and in testing laboratories, explores the history and philosophy of the thermal stability of aviation fuel, and considerations during the fuel's manufacture, storage and transport, use, and assessment. The 13 papers, representing a number of
Download or read book The detection and measurement of oxygen in aircraft fuel tanks written by H. W. G. Wyeth and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Utilization of Ammonia as an Alternate Fuel in Army Aircraft Engines written by Nicholas C. Kailos and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book FAR AIM 2020 Up to Date FAA Regulations Aeronautical Information Manual written by Federal Aviation Administration and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 1120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All the Information you Need to Operate Safely in US Airspace, Fully Updated If you’re an aviator or aviation enthusiast, you cannot be caught with an out-of-date edition of the FAR/AIM. In today’s environment, there is no excuse for ignorance of the rules of the US airspace system. In the newest edition of the FAR/AIM, all regulations, procedures, and illustrations are brought up to date to reflect current FAA data. This handy reference book is an indispensable resource for members of the aviation community, as well as for aspiring pilots looking to get a solid background in the rules, requirements, and procedures of flight training. Not only does this manual present all the current FAA regulations, it also includes: A study guide for specific pilot training certifications and ratings A pilot/controller glossary Standard instrument procedures Parachute operations Airworthiness standards for products and parts The NASA Aviation Safety reporting form Important FAA contact information This is the most complete guide to the rules of aviation available anywhere. Don’t take off without the FAR/AIM!
Download or read book Inerted Fuel Tank Oxygen Concentration Requirements written by Samuel V Zinn (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A literature search was conducted to investigate the extent of experimental work and studies that were performed for determining and evaluating safety parameters of jet fuels in aircraft tanks when using nitrogen as an inerting agent. The search revealed that extensive laboratory studies have been made during the past 30 years and that safety zones can be predicted over a wide range of conditions and environments. Except for some very early full-scale tests using aircraft fuel tanks by the Royal Aircraft Establishment, all the studies were made using laboratory equipment. As a conclusion from this search, it is considered that an oxygen content up to 9 percent in the effluent obtained by nitrogen inerting will produce an incombustible environment. (Author).
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Fuel Versus Oxygen Evaluations and Considerations written by A-10 Aircraft Oxygen Equipment Committee and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specific federal aviation regulations (Titled 14 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations, or 14 CFR) define oxygen system requirements for an in-flight decompression incident. This AIR addresses the operational oxygen system requirements for a decompression incident that may occur at any point during a long-range flight, with an emphasis for a decompression at the equal time point (ETP). This AIR identifies fuel and oxygen management contingencies, and presents possible solutions for the efficient, safe, and optimum fuel/oxygen flight continuation. Oxygen management is a concern to all aircraft, such as single engine types that fly above 10 000 feet and use supplemental oxygen. This document provides a method which can help guide users in developing an oxygen solution for their aircraft. Fuel and oxygen planning are requirements for ETOPS (multi-engine) equipped aircraft. Global expansion and changes to existing aircraft regulations extend fuel and oxygen planning to all long range aircraft. The impacts on the industry include not only possible improvements to safety, but of increased efficiency and fuel cost savings. Although this document deals with critical fuel scenarios, any aircraft that flies above 10 000 feet and uses supplemental oxygen can benefit from the concepts presented.
Download or read book Limiting Oxygen Concentration Required to Inert Jet Fuel Vapors Existing at Reduced Fuel Tank Pressures Final Phase written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book FAR AIM 2021 Up to Date FAA Regulations Aeronautical Information Manual written by Federal Aviation Administration and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 1120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All the Information you Need to Operate Safely in US Airspace, Fully Updated If you’re an aviator or aviation enthusiast, you cannot be caught with an out-of-date edition of the FAR/AIM. In today’s environment, there is no excuse for ignorance of the rules of the US airspace system. In the newest edition of the FAR/AIM, all regulations, procedures, and illustrations are brought up to date to reflect current FAA data. This handy reference book is an indispensable resource for members of the aviation community, as well as for aspiring pilots looking to get a solid background in the rules, requirements, and procedures of flight training. Not only does this manual present all the current FAA regulations, it also includes: A study guide for specific pilot training certifications and ratings A pilot/controller glossary Standard instrument procedures Parachute operations Airworthiness standards for products and parts The NASA Aviation Safety reporting form Important FAA contact information This is the most complete guide to the rules of aviation available anywhere. Don’t take off without the FAR/AIM!
Download or read book Fuel Economy in Aviation written by Jeffrey L. Ethell and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of Fuel Slosh Upon the Effectiveness of Nitrogen Inerting for Aircraft Fuel Tanks written by Edwin E. Ott and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tests were conducted to determine the influence of sloshing fuel within an aircraft fuel tank upon the effectiveness of nitrogen inerting. These tests were performed in a closed combustion chamber partially filled with JP-8 fuel. The fuel was severely agitated by a rocking motion of the chamber. The flammability of the tank ullage at various concentrations of air, nitrogen, and fuel vapor was tested by exposure to an electric arc. The sloshing fuel did not alter the maximum concentration of oxygen that could be allowed for inerting of all fuel vapor concentrations. For JP-8 fuel vapor exposed to an electric arc this maximum allowable oxygen concentration was found to be 12% by volume. Slosh did extend the flammable region for oxygen concentrations greater than the maximum allowable for inerting. These conclusions, it is believed, are valid for any mode or level of fuel agitation that may be experienced by aircraft fuel tanks.
Download or read book Investigation of Aircraft Fuel Tank Explosions and Nitrogen Inerting Requirements During Ground Fires written by Richard Hill and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen inerting was investigated as a means of preventing or minimizing explosions and/or reactions in aircraft fuel tanks under simulated crash-fire conditions. Tests were conducted on both small and large volume tanks, inerted to various concentrations (expressed in terms of O2 concentration by volume), containing different amounts of Jet-A or JP-4 fuel and heated at different rates. Results of these tests indicated that internal fire or explosion would not result from external heating or internal high-energy spark when the tank was inerted to an oxygen concentration lower than 10 percent. (Author) Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Download or read book Aircraft Fuel Systems written by Roy Langton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-05-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All aspects of fuel products and systems including fuel handling, quantity gauging and management functions for both commercial (civil) and military applications. The fuel systems on board modern aircraft are multi-functional, fully integrated complex networks. They are designed to provide a proper and reliable management of fuel resources throughout all phases of operation, notwithstanding changes in altitude or speed, as well as to monitor system functionality and advise the flight crew of any operational anomalies that may develop. Collates together a wealth of information on fuel system design that is currently disseminated throughout the literature. Authored by leading industry experts from Airbus and Parker Aerospace. Includes chapters on basic system functions, features and functions unique to military aircraft, fuel handling, fuel quantity gauging and management, fuel systems safety and fuel systems design and development. Accompanied by a companion website housing a MATLAB/SIMULINK model of a modern aircraft fuel system that allows the user to set up flight conditions, investigate the effects of equipment failures and virtually fly preset missions. Aircraft Fuel Systems provides a timely and invaluable resource for engineers, project and programme managers in the equipment supply and application communities, as well as for graduate and postgraduate students of mechanical and aerospace engineering. It constitutes an invaluable addition to the established Wiley Aerospace Series.
Download or read book Limiting Oxygen Concentration Required to Inert Jet Fuel Vapors Existing at Reduced Fuel Tank Pressures written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992-12 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
