Download or read book The Rat Papers written by Christopher E. Metzger and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the LEAKED AND ALMOST FULLY REDACTED copy of “THE RAT PAPERS “. Contained within is the sworn testimony of Benedict, perhaps our greatest Traitor, or Hero. You decide. You will learn about the pack of highly-intelligent New York City Rats who, with the help of some odd-ball human mercenaries, have connived to take control of the “Civilized” world – and how their plot almost failed. Some might say what is told here reveals a Dystopian version of our world. Of course, this depends upon which world you are residing in at present. In the past, you might have heard: “What will be, will be.” ...And “It is what it is.” However, THE RAT PAPERS will tell you “What will be is what it is.” ...And why you better be prepared to duck.

Download or read book The Rat with the Human Face written by Tom Angleberger and published by ABRAMS. This book was released on 2015-04-21 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lyle Hertzog and his friends Marilla and Dave are the Qwikpick Adventure Society, three kids who seek out adventure in their seemingly quiet hometown of Crickenburg. On the hunt for their next big adventure—something to top the Fountain of Poop, if that’s even possible—the kids overhear a construction worker telling his buddies about a rat with a human face he saw in the basement of an old research facility. The decision is unanimous: the next adventure for the Qwikpick Society is on! But when their trip to find the rat doesn’t go quite as expected, the trio gets in big trouble. Will the second adventure for the Qwikpick Society also be their last?

Download or read book The Rat written by Henry H. Donaldson and published by Рипол Классик. This book was released on 1924 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Collected Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 1106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consists of reprints of articles from various journals.

Download or read book Parliamentary Papers written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sessional Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1903 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Report of the Dominion fishery commission on the fisheries of the province of Ontario, 1893", issued as vol. 26, no. 7, supplement.

Download or read book Sessional Papers written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Collected Papers written by Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Typographical Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sessional Papers written by Canada. Parliament and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 1234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Report of the Dominion fishery commission on the fisheries of the province of Ontario, 1893", issued as an addendum to vol. 26, no. 7.

Download or read book Records of the Proceedings and Printed Papers of the Parliament written by Australia. Parliament and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 1406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Collected Papers written by Johns Hopkins University. School of Hygiene and Public Health and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 1050 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Collected Papers written by Charles Atwood Kofoid and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rat Rule 79 written by Rivka Galchen and published by Restless Books. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the New Yorker “20 Under 40” author of Atmospheric Disturbances comes a brain-twisting adventure story of a girl named Fred on a quest through a world of fantastical creatures, strange logic, and a powerful prejudice against growing up. Fred and her math-teacher mom are always on the move, and Fred is getting sick of it. She’s about to have yet another birthday in a new place without friends. On the eve of turning thirteen, Fred sees something strange in the living room: her mother, dressed for a party, standing in front of an enormous paper lantern—which she steps into and disappears. Fred follows her and finds herself in the Land of Impossibility—a loopily illogical place where time is outlawed, words carry dire consequences, and her unlikely allies are a depressed white elephant and a pugnacious mongoose mother of seventeen. With her new friends, Fred sets off in search of her mom, braving dungeons, Insult Fish, Fearsome Ferlings, and a mad Rat Queen. To succeed, the trio must find the solution to an ageless riddle. Gorgeously illustrated and reminiscent of The Phantom Tollbooth and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Rivka Galchen’s Rat Rule 79 is an instant classic for curious readers of all ages.

Download or read book The Year of the Rat written by Grace Lin and published by Hachette UK. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fresh new look for this modern classic by the Newbery-Award winning and bestselling author of Where the Mountain Meets the Moon In this sequel to Year of the Dog, Pacy has another big year in store for her. The Year of the Dog was a very lucky year: she met her best friend Melody and discovered her true talents. However, the Year of the Rat brings big changes: Pacy must deal with Melody moving to California, find the courage to forge on with her dream of becoming a writer and illustrator, and learn to face some of her own flaws. Pacy encounters prejudice, struggles with acceptance, and must find the beauty in change. Based on the author's childhood adventures, Year of the Rat, features the whimsical black and white illustrations and the hilarious and touching anecdotes that helped Year of the Dog earn rave reviews and satisfied readers.

Download or read book The Qwickpick Papers written by Tom Angleberger and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While searching for the Rat with the Human Face, friendships fray as club members Dave and Lyle compete for Marilla.

Download or read book Overlapping Neural Substrates of Alcohol and Anxiety Related Behavior in the Rat written by Riccardo Barchiesi and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol use is a leading cause of death and disease worldwide. A large part of this disease burden is associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD), a diagnostic category characterized by excessive use in spite of negative consequences ("compulsive use"), a loss of control over intake, and choice of alcohol over natural rewards. These behavioral symptoms are believed to reflect the emergence of persistent neuroadaptations in key brain regions that exert control over motivated behavior. A major challenge to addressing the treatment needs of patients with AUD is the high prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric disorders, of which anxiety disorders are the most common. Both AUD and anxiety disorders are characterized by broad changes in gene expression within brain regions that include the prelimbic cortex (PL) and the amygdala complex. Although the risk for AUD has a substantial genetic component, heavy alcohol use and stress also contribute to disease risk. Our lab previously identified DNA hypermethylation as a mechanism behind alcohol-induced downregulation of prelimbic Syt1 and Prdm2. In a subsequent study, our lab demonstrated a functional role of Prdm2 in alcohol-associated behaviors. In the work that constitutes this thesis, we have further investigated the behavioral consequences of Syt1 and Prdm2 downregulation. We found that Syt1 knock-down in the PL of non-dependent rats is sufficient to promote several behaviors that model critical aspects of AUD. We further identified the PL-basolateral amygdala (BLA) projection as a key brain circuit within which Syt1 knock-down promotes compulsive-like alcohol intake. In another study, we showed that Prdm2 knock-down in the PL increases the expression of fear memory, a central feature of anxiety disorders. Knock-down after memory formation (consolidation) did not increase the fear expression, indicating that Prdm2 regulates fear memory consolidation. We further showed that knock-down of Prdm2 in the PL-BLA projection was sufficient to promote the increased fear expression. Transcriptome analysis specifically in neurons projecting from the PL to the BLA showed a marked up-regulation of genes involved in synaptogenesis, suggesting that Prdm2 downregulation leads to excessive fear by strengthening fear memory consolidation in the PL-BLA circuit. In a third study, we used a model of social defeat- and witness stress to investigate mechanisms of co-occurring escalated alcohol intake and increased anxiety-like behavior ("comorbidity"). We recapitulated the broad range of individual stress responses observed in human populations. With gene expression analysis, we identified a marked upregulation of Avp in the amygdala of rats with "co-morbid" characteristics, and this upregulation correlated with the magnitude of the comorbidity. Together, our findings highlight the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating the behavioral consequences of alcohol-dependence, and identify specific downstream target genes whose expression is influenced by alcohol-induced epigenetic reprogramming to mediate long-term behavioral consequences. Our work also identifies amygdala Avp as a possible neurobiological substrate of individual susceptibility for stress-induced alcohol- and anxiety-related behaviors. Alkoholbruk är en av huvudorsakerna till den globala sjukdomsbördan, och står för ungefär 5 % av alla dödsfall i världen. Sjukdomsbördan från alkohol orsakas till stor del av alkoholberoende, en komplex psykiatrisk sjukdom som kännetecknas av kontrollförlust, val av alkohol framför naturliga belöningar, och fortsatt bruk trots negativa konsekvenser (så kallat "kompulsivt bruk"). Dessa beteenden tros avspegla långvariga förändringar i funktionen hos hjärnstrukturer som styr motiverade beteenden. Av alla individer som brukar alkohol är det endast en minoritet, ca 15 %, som utvecklar alkoholberoende. Kända riskfaktorer inkluderar ärftlighet, mängd alkohol som konsumeras och stress. Behandlingar som finns tillgängliga för patienter med alkoholberoende har i dagsläget en otillräcklig effekt. För att utveckla nya läkemedel är det viktigt att förstå mekanismer som ligger bakom utveckling och vidmakthållande av beroende. Övergången från rekreationsbruk till beroende sker genom flera mekanismer. Likt andra droger kan alkohol aktivera hjärnans belöningssystem, och man tror att konsumtionen i tidigare stadier drivs av dessa "positivt förstärkande", eller belönande effekter. Utvecklingen av beroende avspeglar en förskjutning till ett tillstånd där bruket i allt högre grad sker för att dämpa negativa känslor (s.k. "negativ förstärkning"). Denna utveckling avspeglar att system i hjärnan som styr reaktioner på stress och upplevelser av oro och ångest blir aktiverade. En yttring av detta är att patienter med alkoholberoende ofta uppvisar en samsjuklighet med ångestsjukdomar. Patienter med samsjukligt alkoholberoende och ångest uppvisar ofta svårare symtom, och är mer svårbehandlade. Det finns idag ingen evidensbaserad behandling för dessa patienter. Stress är en viktig riskfaktor för både alkoholberoende och ångest, men det finns en betydande individuell variation i sårbarheten för stress. Vi har tidigare visat att utveckling av alkoholberoende i en råttmodell leder till beteendeförändringar som liknar vad som ses hos patienter med alkoholberoende. I råttmodellen är dessa beteendeförändringar resultatet av en epigenetisk mekanism, dvs en mekanism som reglerar förändringar i genuttryck utan att DNA sekvensen ändras. Epigenetiska mekanismer påverkar uttrycket av många gener samtidigt, och kan bidra till förändringar i hjärnfunktion som ses vid alkohol- och ångestsjukdomar. Vi har tidigare identifierat två gener, Syt1 och Prdm2, som var nedreglerade i prelimbiska cortex efter alkoholberoende, en del av hjärnans pannlob som är viktig för exekutiva funktioner och planering för framtiden. Syt1 kodar för ett protein som är centralt för en nervcells förmåga att frisätta signalmolekyler och kommunicera med andra nervceller. Prdm2 kodar för ett epigenetiskt enzym som i sin tur reglerar uttrycket av flera andra gener. Vi visade sedan att nedreglering av Prdm2 var tillräckligt för att råttor utan tidigare alkoholberoende skulle bete sig som om de utvecklat beroende. I den här avhandlingen visade vi att även Syt1-nedreglering kan efterlikna de beteendeförändringar som annars ses vid utveckling av alkoholberoende i råttor. Nedreglering av Syt1 specifikt i nervbanan från prelimbiska cortex till basolaterala amygdala var tillräcklig för effekten, vilket identifierar dessa nervceller som en viktig komponent i beroende-relaterade förändringar i hjärnfunktionen. Målområdet för denna nervbana, basolaterala amygdala, är en hjärnregion som man sedan tidigare vet är viktig för regleringen av känslor såsom rädsla och ångest. Vi kunde även visa att förändringarna sannolikt sker genom en minskad aktivitet i cellkroppar i prelimbiska cortex, vilket i sin tur leder till en ökad aktivitet i basolaterala amygdala. Detta stämmer med observationer hos patienter med alkoholberoende, hos vilka man ofta ser en så kallad hypofrontalitet, dvs att prefrontala cortex uppvisar en minskad aktivitet. I en annan studie demonstrerade vi att även nedreglering av Prdm2 i prelimbiska cortex leder till ett ökat uttryck av rädslominnen, en central komponent i ångestsyndrom. Vi visade att förändringar i funktionen hos samma nervbana, projektionen från prelimbiska cortex till basolaterala amygdala, orsakade denna patologiska rädsla. Vi undersökte sedan genförändringar som orsakas av en Prdm2 nedreglering specifikt i dessa nervceller, och fann bl.a. att gener associerade med synapsbildning och kommunikation mellan nervceller var uppreglerade. Detta kan tolkas som en förstärkt inlärning av rädslominnen, som i sin tur leder till det ökade uttrycket av rädsla. För att identifiera mekanismer som ligger till grund för samsjuklighet mellan alkoholberoende och ångestsyndrom använde vi oss av en modell med fysisk och emotionell social stress. Resultat från denna studie visade att endast en minoritet av råttor utsatta för endera stressen utvecklade både alkohol- och ångestrelaterade beteenden. Analys av genuttryck i amygdala identifierade en uppreglering av stresshormonet vasopressin endast i denna "samsjukliga" population av råttor, vilket indikerar att det skulle kunna vara en sårbarhetsfaktor för stressinducerade psykiatriska störningar.