Download or read book The Protection of Traditional Knowledge at the Frontiers of Drug Discovery written by Peter S Harrison and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-09-19 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concerns the often fractious interface between drug discovery and commercialisation, environmental degradation, the biodiversity crisis, the exploitation of indigenous peoples and the destruction of their culture, the right to health, inequalities of power, and the ability of the law to protect knowledge. For millennia, medicinal plants have provided a trove of treatments for human ailments, and the key to that treasure has been the traditional knowledge of the indigenous peoples who have lived alongside these plants. More recently that knowledge has been taken, often without consent or recompense, by Western science as a springboard for the development of pharmaceutical agents. As a response to threats to biodiversity and indigenous culture, international mechanisms have created, or are creating, enforceable rights for indigenous peoples to control such knowledge. With a background in pharmacology and molecular biology and significant experience as a lawyer in pharmaceutical and biotech patent litigation, the author brings a fresh perspective to understanding the difficulties of enforcing such rights and, in particular, examines whether there is a philosophically justifiable limit to the downstream scope of such rights. This book is aimed at all those with an interest in the control of indigenous genetic knowledge and the protection of indigenous culture, whether academics, anthropologists or pharmaceutical researchers, and those seeking to make indigenous rights work, as activists, legislators or practising lawyers.
Download or read book The Protection of Traditional Knowledge at the Frontiers of Drug Discovery written by Peter S Harrison and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-09-19 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concerns the often fractious interface between drug discovery and commercialisation, environmental degradation, the biodiversity crisis, the exploitation of indigenous peoples and the destruction of their culture, the right to health, inequalities of power, and the ability of the law to protect knowledge. For millennia, medicinal plants have provided a trove of treatments for human ailments, and the key to that treasure has been the traditional knowledge of the indigenous peoples who have lived alongside these plants. More recently that knowledge has been taken, often without consent or recompense, by Western science as a springboard for the development of pharmaceutical agents. As a response to threats to biodiversity and indigenous culture, international mechanisms have created, or are creating, enforceable rights for indigenous peoples to control such knowledge. With a background in pharmacology and molecular biology and significant experience as a lawyer in pharmaceutical and biotech patent litigation, the author brings a fresh perspective to understanding the difficulties of enforcing such rights and, in particular, examines whether there is a philosophically justifiable limit to the downstream scope of such rights. This book is aimed at all those with an interest in the control of indigenous genetic knowledge and the protection of indigenous culture, whether academics, anthropologists or pharmaceutical researchers, and those seeking to make indigenous rights work, as activists, legislators or practising lawyers.
Download or read book The Legal Protection of Traditional Knowledge in the Pharmaceutical Field written by Tobias Kiene and published by Waxmann Verlag. This book was released on 2009 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Legal Protection of Traditional Knowledge in the Pharmaceutical Field written by Tobias Kiene and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ethnomedicine and Drug Discovery written by M.M. Iwu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-03-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approx.344 pages
Download or read book Regulating Protection Preservation and Technology Transfer of Biodiversity Based Drugs written by Geertrui Van Overwalle and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of biodiversity-based drugs has gained wide interest and concern. Two main approaches can be observed. The majority of legal thinking has been focusing on models protecting (and preserving) biodiversity and associated traditional knowledge to fit the needs of biodiversity and traditional knowledge holders. The Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) clearly stipulates that Contracting Parties (read: developed countries) shall take legislative, administrative or policy measures, with the aim of sharing in a fair and equitable way the results of research and development and the benefits arising from the commercial and other utilization of genetic resources with the Contracting Party providing such resources (read: developing countries). Somewhat lesser attention has been given in academic circles to legal tools stimulating transfer of technology related to biodiversity-based drugs. Such an approach may be inspired by the CBD, which also stipulates that Contracting Parties (read: developed countries) shall take measures, with the aim that Contracting Parties, in particular those that are developing countries, which provide genetic resources, are provided access to and transfer of technology which makes use of those resources, on mutually agreed terms, including technology protected by patents and other intellectual property rights, where necessary. Instead of focusing on workable mechanisms providing protection for (and preservation of) biodiversity and traditional knowledge, these scholars mainly reflect on legal instruments which might be helpful in establishing transfer of technology relating to genetic resources and traditional knowledge. In doing so, they do not enter into the global access-to-medicine debate, but confine themselves to the more restricted topic of biodiversity-based drugs. The present paper first defines some concepts and classifications, in an aim to set the starting points of the debate right. The paper then reviews current instruments which can offer protection and preservation for biodiversity and associated traditional knowledge, both from the perspective of holders and users. In doing so, the paper comments on the way the various instruments have been presented by Ghidini & Arezzo and casts the multitude of measures in a more systematic framework. The paper then centres on one of the measures which can be helpful in transferring technology related to genetic resources and traditional knowledge, more in particular the local working requirement. Ghidini & Arezzo are one of the fewer scholars exploring this avenue of thinking, and the current paper will examine their viewpoint. Some concluding remarks critically overlook the current debate.
Download or read book The Placebo Effect International Patent Law and the Protection of Traditional Plant Medicine written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The underlying theme of this thesis is the systemic indifference that exists within international intellectual property law towards Indigenous traditional knowledge. In general, there appears to be a widening gap between the importance international law accords to matters of commercial interest and those of a social nature. Indigenous traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is especially disadvantaged in this dichotomous system since it is not only representative of enormous commercial profits but it is also the core of many Indigenous belief and social systems. The crystallization of international law's preoccupation with the effective protection of commercial interests came in the form of the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement incorporated into the World Trade Organization (WTO). Two years previously, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was signed, reflecting international law's perceived dedication to sustainable development and became the first international treaty to address Indigenous traditional knowledge. These two pieces of international law are often seen as balancing the commercial and sustainable development needs of the international economy. Upon further examination however, one is left the impression that the idea of the CBD effectively and successfully defending the needs of sustainable development and Indigenous traditional knowledge against pressure to the contrary from TRIPS and the WTO is simplistic at best. The thesis also explore the role patent law plays in the creation of modern industries, such as the pharmaceutical industry, and how these industries are able, through the power gained via patent law, to influence national and especially international legislation. Equally, it deals with the role patents play in disempowering peoples with Indigenous traditional knowledge of medicinal plants leading to a situation where such knowledge is marginalized along with its bearers. The thesis addresses the instituti.
Download or read book Evidence Based Validation of Traditional Medicines written by Subhash C. Mandal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-02-02 with total page 1151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demand for traditional medicines, herbal health products, herbal pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food supplements and herbal cosmetics etc. is increasing globally due to the growing recognition of these products as mainly non-toxic, having lesser side effects, better compatibility with physiological flora, and availability at affordable prices. In the last century, medical science has made incredible advances all over the globe. In spite of global reorganization and a very sound history of traditional uses, the promotion of traditional medicine faces a number of challenges around the globe, primarily in developed nations. Regulation and safety is the high concern for the promotion of traditional medicine. Quality issues and quality control, pharmacogivilane, scientific investigation and validation, intellectual property rights, and biopiracy are some key issues that restrain the advancement of traditional medicine around the globe. This book contains diverse and unique chapters, explaining in detail various subsections like phytomolecule, drug discovery and modern techniques, standardization and validation of traditional medicine, and medicinal plants, safety and regulatory issue of traditional medicine, pharmaceutical excipients from nature, plants for future. The contents of the book will be useful for the academicians, researchers and people working in the area of traditional medicine.
Download or read book Botanical Leads for Drug Discovery written by Bikarma Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Active botanical ingredients are a prime requirement for herbal formulations and discovering a drug is all about integration of science disciplines. In recent decades there has been a growing interest in treating wounds and diseases using traditional remedies based on local herbs, combined with chemical advances. Although this has led to the development of new bioactive ingredients from plants, there has been little success in terms of clinical trials and post-marketing studies to comply with FDA guidelines. Plants have been used as a source of medicine throughout history and continue to serve as the basis for many pharmaceuticals used today. However, despite the modern pharmaceutical industry being founded on botanical medicine, synthetic approaches to drug discovery have now become standard. Science-driven translational discovery and botanical development has created a new reality, leading to enormous changes in strategies, technologies and the disciplines involved, which have been embraced by the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. This book gathers scientific expertise and traditional knowledge to promote the discovery and development of new formulations and drugs based on active ingredients and to provide guidance on taking these to clinical trials. It discusses major topics, such as how the phytochemical composition of many plants has changed over time due to factors like cultivation, which can have both positive and negative effects on the levels of bioactive compounds. It also explores the importance of plants as a valuable source of therapeutic compounds as a result of their vast biosynthetic capacity, and classifies them according to their intended use, safety and regulatory status. Further, the book offers insights into the regulatory aspects of botanical products, which is an important issue when considering standardization and quality assessment, and also examines the commercial aspects of plant-derived medications and their proven role in the treatment of chronic diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, pain, asthma, and other associated conditions. Given its scope, this book is a valuable tool for botanists, natural product chemists, pharmacologists and microbiologists involved in the study of phytochemicals for drug discovery.
Download or read book Handbook of Ethnopharmacology 2008 written by Mohamed Eddouks and published by . This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of herbal medicine, tribal and traditional medicines represents an increasing awareness which is being increasingly appreciated in recent years for the prevention and development of therapeutics. Ethnopharmacology, an emergent discipline, examines the traditional drugs in indigenous cultures, their usage, bioactive compounds, bio-evaluation and the sustainable development and production of nature-derived therapeutics. The role of ethnopharmacology: 1) has been supported in the past by historical data showing that discovery of several important modern drugs of herbal origin owes to the traditional medical knowledge and clinical expertise. 2) is supported actually, because, in the current scenario of globalization, information technology and knowledge system on traditional medicine have significant importance. In addition, it has been established that rising cost of modern drug development is attributed to the lack of classical ethnopharmacological approach, 3) is supported in the future because: a) The indigenous knowledge of the environment is fast disappearing in the face of worldwide destruction of natural areas, and transformation of traditional cultures. b) This discipline attracts people from various academic disciplines. c) The traditional medical knowledge represents the most promising source of medicinal and nutritional natural products of the future. This Book aims to highlight the recent developments in Ethnopharmacology and the potentials of phytomedicine and natural drugs in the developments of novel therapeutics and covers all comprehensive aspects of ethnopharmacology, pharmacognosy, herbal pharmacotherapy, botany, ethnology, toxicology, phytochemistry, pharmacy and Natural Drug developments. The book providing a detailed overview of this emerging discipline, brings together relevant data from numerous sources leading to serve as an interphase between ethnomedical and ethnobotanical approaches to new drug discovery. The book presents the traditional knowledge from many cultures around the world and scientific literature related to the prevention and treatment of many pathologies such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, AIDS, gout, Hyperuricemia, central nervous system diseases, inflammation, sterility etc. The book is designed to offer in a wide range an overview for researchers and students of science, pharmacognosists, anthropologists, nutritionists, pharmacists, complementary practitioners and designed to demonstrate the intricate relationship between culture and nature. The book provides cutting edge information on the botanical, pharmacological, ethnologic, chemical, toxicological properties and therapeutic potentials of medicinal plants used in America, Europe, Africa and Asia and try to bring together in one book therapeutic aspects with natural science and chemistry taking on consideration depth reference works. This book covers different cultures and countries around the world. The following aspects are treated: About Ethnopharmacology as an emergent discipline, Ethnopharmacological enquiries. Natural products: identification, description, observation and investigation of ingredients used in various recipes of traditional medicine. Biological activity of natural products in human or animal. Toxicological data of natural products. Chemical informations about traditionally used natural products. Mechanisms of action of bioactive natural substances. Sustained development of nature-derived therapeutics. Juridic aspects related to indigenous traditional knowledge. Phylosphic and anthrpologic aspects related to traditional medical knowledge. The book, presenting respected researchers from many countries begins with advice on special reviews on ethnopharmacology as emerging discipline. The following chapters give updated reviews on the use of natural products as medicines in different cultures around the world. The case studies focus on the pharmacological, chemical and toxicological properties of some medicinal plants. The book provides comprehensive tables, extensive references, helpful illustrations to permit a clear scientific support.
Download or read book Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General information on the interface between intellectual property (IP) and traditional knowledge (TK), traditional cultural expressions (TCEs), and genetic resources (GRs). It briefly addresses the most important questions that arise when considering the role that IP principles and systems can play in protecting TK and TCEs from misappropriation, and in generating and equitably sharing benefits from their commercialization, and the role of IP in access to and benefit sharing in GRs.
Download or read book Transboundary Heritage and Intellectual Property Law written by Patricia Covarrubia and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-30 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Intangible Heritage Convention was adopted by UNESCO in 2003, intangible cultural heritage has increasingly been an important subject of debate in international forums. As more countries implement the Intangible Heritage Convention, national policymakers and communities of practice have been exploring the use of intellectual property protection to achieve intangible cultural heritage safeguarding outcomes. This book examines diverse cultural heritage case studies from Indigenous communities and local communities in developing and industrialised countries to offer an interdisciplinary examination of topics at the intersection between heritage and property which present cross-border challenges. Analysing a range of case studies which provide examples of traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expressions, and genetic resources by a mixture of practitioners and scholars from different fields, the book addresses guidelines and legislation as well as recent developments about shared heritage to identify a progressive trend that improves the understanding of intangible cultural heritage. Considering all forms of intellectual property, including patents, copyright, design rights, trade marks, geographical indications, and sui generis rights, the book explores problems and challenges for intangible cultural heritage in crossborder situations, as well as highlighting positive relationships and collaborations among communities across geographical boundaries. Transboundary Heritage and Intellectual Property Law: Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage will be an important resource for practitioners, scholars, and students engaged in studying intangible cultural heritage, intellectual property law, heritage studies, and anthropology.
Download or read book Politics of Intellectual Property written by European Consortium for Political Research. Joint Sessions of Workshops and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We know much more about the global politics of intellectual property than we do about national political contests over the ownership of knowledge. Haunss and Shadlen have identified this gap in the literature and have done a fine job of bringing together a set of essays that helps to fill this gap in our understanding of the multi-layered nature of intellectual property politics. Peter Drahos, The Australian National University, Canberra This thought-provoking volume provides invaluable new insights and is a major contribution to the debate on the politics of intellectual property rights. Duncan Matthews, Queen Mary, University of London, UK This book offers empirical analyses of conflicts over the ownership, control, and use of knowledge and information in developed and developing countries. Sebastian Haunss and Kenneth C. Shadlen, along with a collection of eminent contributors, focus on how business organizations, farmers, social movements, legal communities, state officials, transnational enterprises, and international organizations shape IP policies in areas such as health, information-communication technologies, indigenous knowledge, genetic resources, and many others. The innovative and original chapters examine conflicts over the rules governing various dimensions of IP, including patents, copyrights, traditional knowledge, and biosafety regulations. Written from a political perspective, this book is a must-read for political scientists, sociologists and anthropologists who study IP and conflicts over property. It is also an essential read for stakeholders in institutions, NGOs and industry interested in knowledge governance and IP politics.
Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Intellectual Property written by Matthew David and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2014-11-18 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook brings together scholars from around the world in addressing the global significance of, controversies over and alternatives to intellectual property (IP) today. It brings together over fifty of the leading authors in this field across the spectrum of academic disciplines, from law, economics, geography, sociology, politics and anthropology. This volume addresses the full spectrum of IP issues including copyright, patent, trademarks and trade secrets, as well as parallel rights and novel applications. In addition to addressing the role of IP in an increasingly information based and globalized economy and culture, it also challenges the utility and viability of IP today and addresses a range of alternative futures.
Download or read book Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge written by Sarah A Laird and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-23 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity research and prospecting are long-standing activities taking place in a new legal and ethical environment. Following entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1993, and other recent policy developments, expectations and obligations for research and prospecting partnerships have changed. However, to date there are few guides to integrating these concepts with practice. This book offers practical guidance on how to arrive at equitable biodiversity research and prospecting partnerships. Drawing on experience and lessons learned from around the world, it provides case studies, analysis and recommendations in a range of areas that together form a new framework for creating equity in these partnerships. They include researcher codes of ethics, institutional policies, community research agreements, the design of more effective commercial partnerships and biodiversity prospecting contracts, the drafting and implementation of national 'access and benefit-sharing' laws, and institutional tools for the distribution of financial benefits. As part of the People and Plants initiative to enhance the role of communities in efforts to conserve biodiversity and use natural resources sustainably, Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge will be invaluable to students, researchers and local communities, academic institutions, international agencies, government bodies and companies involved in biodiversity research, prospecting and conservation.
Download or read book Frontiers in Computational Chemistry written by Zaheer Ul-Haq and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontiers in Computational Chemistry presents contemporary research on molecular modeling techniques used in drug discovery and the drug development process: computer aided molecular design, drug discovery and development, lead generation, lead optimization, database management, computer and molecular graphics, and the development of new computational methods or efficient algorithms for the simulation of chemical phenomena including analyses of biological activity. The fourth volume of this series features four chapters covering natural lead compounds, computer aided drug discovery methods in Parkinson’s Disease therapy, studies of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase inhibition in bacteria, computational modeling of halogen bonds in biological systems and molecular classification of caffeine and its metabolites.
Download or read book Indigenous Knowledge of Namibia written by Chinsembu, Kazhila C. and published by University of Namibia Press. This book was released on 2016-01-29 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indigenous knowledge is the dynamic information base of a society, facilitating communication and decision-making. It is the cornerstone of many modern-day innovations in science and technology. It is also a ready and valuable resource for sustainable and resilient livelihoods, and attracts increasing public interest due to its applications in bio-technology, health, bioprospecting, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food preparation, mathematics and astronomy. INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE OF NAMIBIA is a fascinating compendium aimed at a wide readership of academics and students, government officials, policy makers, and development partners. The 17 chapters examine the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants for treating HIV/AIDS, malaria, cancer, and other microbial infections of humans and livestock; indigenous foods; coping and response strategies in dealing with human-wildlife conflicts, floods, gender, climate change and the management of natural resources. A new rationalisation of adolescent customary and initiation ceremonies is recommended in response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic; and a case study of the San people of Namibia speaks to the challenges of harmonising modern education with that of indigenous people.
