Download or read book States Citizens and the Privatisation of Security written by Elke Krahmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-04 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen a growing role for private military contractors in national and international security. To understand the reasons for this, Elke Krahmann examines changing models of the state, the citizen and the soldier in the UK, the US and Germany. She focuses on both the national differences with regard to the outsourcing of military services to private companies and their specific consequences for the democratic control over the legitimate use of armed force. Tracing developments and debates from the late eighteenth century to the present, she explains the transition from the centralized warfare state of the Cold War era to the privatized and fragmented security governance, and the different national attitudes to the privatization of force.
Download or read book The Privatisation of Security and State Control of Force written by Joakim Berndtsson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Market for Force written by Deborah D. Avant and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-25 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The legitimate use of force is generally presumed to be the realm of the state. However, the flourishing role of the private sector in security over the last twenty years has brought this into question. In this book Deborah Avant examines the privatization of security and its impact on the control of force. She describes the growth of private security companies, explains how the industry works, and describes its range of customers – including states, non-government organisations and commercial transnational corporations. She charts the inevitable trade-offs that the market for force imposes on the states, firms and people wishing to control it, suggests a new way to think about the control of force, and offers a model of institutional analysis that draws on both economic and sociological reasoning. The book contains case studies drawn from the US and Europe as well as Africa and the Middle East.
Download or read book The Markets for Force written by Molly Dunigan and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2015-03-19 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Markets for Force examines and compares the markets for private military and security contractors in twelve states: Argentina, Guatemala, Peru, Ecuador, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Ukraine, Russia, Afghanistan, China, Canada, and the United States. Editors Molly Dunigan and Ulrich Petersohn argue that the global market for force is actually a conglomeration of many types of markets that vary according to local politics and geostrategic context. Each case study investigates the particular characteristics of the region's market, how each market evolved into its current form, and what consequence the privatized market may have for state military force and the provision of public safety. The comparative standpoint sheds light on better-known markets but also those less frequently studied, such as the state-owned and -managed security companies in China, militaries working for private sector extractive industries in Ecuador and Peru, and the ways warlord forces overlap with private security companies in Afghanistan. An invaluable resource for scholars and policymakers alike, The Markets for Force offers both an empirical analysis of variations in private military and security companies across the globe and deeper theoretical knowledge of how such markets develop. Contributors: Olivia Allison, Oldich Bure, Jennifer Catallo, Molly Dunigan, Scott Fitzsimmons, Maiah Jaskoski, Kristina Mani, Carlos Ortiz, Ulrich Petersohn, Jake Sherman, Christopher Spearin.
Download or read book Armies Without States written by Robert Mandel and published by Lynne Rienner Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book concludes with an assessment of the complexities surrounding responses to security privatization - and an exploration of when, and whether, it should be promoted rather than prevented."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book The Market for Force written by Deborah Denise Avant and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The legitimate use of force is generally presumed to be the realm of the state. However, the flourishing role of the private sector in security over the last twenty years has brought this into question. This book examines the privatization of security and its impact on the control of force.
Download or read book The Privatization of Security in Failing States written by Željko Branović and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mercenaries written by Sarah Percy and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2007-10-11 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main aim of this book is to argue that the use of private force by states has been restricted by a norm against mercenary use. The book traces the evolution of this norm, from mercenaries in medieval Europe through to private security companies in modern day Iraq, telling a story about how the mercenaries of yesterday have evolved into those of today in the process. The norm against mercenaries has two components. First, mercenaries are considered to be immoral because they use force outside legitimate, authoritative control. Second, mercenaries are considered to be morally problematic because they fight wars for selfish, financial reasons as opposed to fighting for some kind of larger conception of the common good. The book examines four puzzles about mercenary use, and argues that they can only be explained by understanding the norm against mercenaries. First, the book argues that moral disapproval of mercenaries led to the disappearance of independent mercenaries from medieval Europe. Second, the transition from armies composed of mercenaries to citizen armies in the nineteenth century can only be understood with attention to the norm against mercenaries. Third, it is impossible to understand why international law regarding mercenaries, created in the 1970s and 1980s, is so ineffective without understanding the norm. Finally, the disappearance of companies like Executive Outcomes and Sandline and the development of today's private security industry cannot be understood without the norm. This book is a project of the Oxford Leverhulme Programme on the Changing Character of War.
Download or read book Private Security Companies and the State Monopoly on Violence A Case of Norm Change written by Elke Krahmann and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Privatising Justice written by Wendy Fitzgibbon and published by Pluto Press (UK). This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful petition against the privatisation of the criminal justice system.
Download or read book Piracy and the Privatisation of Maritime Security written by Eugenio Cusumano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-27 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to pirate attacks in the Western Indian Ocean, countries worldwide have increasingly authorized the deployment of armed guards from private military and security companies (PMSCs) on merchant ships. This widespread trend contradicts states’ commitment to retain a monopoly on violence and discourage the presence of arms on civilian vessels. This book conceptualizes the extensive use of PMSCs as a form of institutional isomorphism, combining the functionalist, ideational, political and organizational arguments used to account for the privatization of security on land into a synthetic explanation of the commercialization of vessel protection.
Download or read book Private Actors and Security Governance written by Alan Bryden and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2006 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The privatization of security understood as both the top-down decision to outsource military and security-related tasks to private firms and the bottom-up activities of armed non-state actors such as rebel opposition groups, insurgents, militias, and warlord factions has implications for the state's monopoly on the legitimate use of force. Both top-down and bottom-up privatization have significant consequences for effective, democratically accountable security sector governance as well as on opportunities for security sector reform across a range of different reform contexts. This volume situates security privatization within a broader policy framework, considers several relevant national and regional contexts, and analyzes different modes of regulation and control relating to a phenomenon with deep historical roots but also strong links to more recent trends of globalization and transnationalization. Alan Bryden is deputy head of research at the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF). Marina Caparini is senior research fellow at the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF).
Download or read book Privatisation of Security written by Thomas Mandrup and published by Royal Danish Defence College. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this study is to fill a significant gap in the existing literature on the role of non-state actors, ranging from rebels and criminal gangs at one extreme to the corporate security industry at the other. As part of the general privatisation of the security sector in the western world, combined with the US-led war on terror, non-state actors have increasingly been tied to the foreign policy priorities of the dominant western military powers. Iraq and Afghanistan are the examples often used, and are well-described in other chapters in this book. In sub-Saharan Africa, as in many fragile states around the world, this picture is blurred, and it is often difficult to make clear distinctions between public and private, or between illegal and legal etc., (non)-state actors.
According to much of the academic literature, the nature of war changed dramatically in the last part of the twentieth century, especially after the end of the Cold War. According to this logic there is a dichotomy between war as a social phenomenon and warfare as the domain of the state, as envisaged by the late Prussian military theorist, Carl von Clausewitz, in the shape of the “Trinitarian War”. The lack of capacity on the part of predominately Third World states to control conflicts has led to low-intensity conflicts (LIC), which can be witnessed, for instance, in Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Colombia and Sri Lanka. Since the end of the Cold War it has been common for weak state rulers with formal state legitimacy but not empirical legitimacy to have continued to enjoy international recognition because of international fears that they are the only barrier against a total collapse. Amongst other things this paved the way for an expansion of the market for private military and security companies (PMSC) such as the South African-based Executive Outcomes (EO) in the 1990s. However, the lack of state capacity led to a sub-contracting, willingly or unwillingly, of the state’s monopoly on the use of force to non-state actors, PMSCs and semi-state actors, like local militias, warlords, criminal gangs and vigilant groups, in an attempt to secure weak state leaders’ positions. In the competition for state control internationally recognised leaders have an advantage over their non-state rivals because they can seek military help outside their countries with the agreement of the international community and in accordance with international law.
Download or read book The Privatisation of Security in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq written by Twana Faris Bawa and published by Legend Press Ltd. This book was released on 2015-01-31 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kurdistan is technically a federal region of Iraq - a weak state in dire need of security sector reform.
Download or read book War and Peace in Transition written by Karin Aggestam and published by Nordic Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-01-06 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic approach to analyzing some of the transient aspects of war and peace with empirical cases that include Iraq, Israel-Palestine, Sri Lanka, and the Armenian genocide, this book discusses some of the critical and transformative issues in war and peacemaking. Considering subjects such as the roles of private military and security companies, the use of force in peace-support operations, how states, organizations, and individuals contribute to conflict resolution, and the challenge of coordinating various peacemaking efforts, this study explores the manifold demands and challenges facing external actors such as international peacekeeping forces and mediators.
Download or read book Marketisation and Privatisation in Criminal Justice written by Albertson, Kevin and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2020-07-03 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection offers a comprehensive review of the origins, scale and breadth of the privatisation and marketisation revolution across the criminal justice system. Leading academics and researchers assess the consequences of market-driven criminal justice in a wide range of contexts, from prison and probation to policing, migrant detention, rehabilitation and community programmes. Using economic, sociological and criminological perspectives, illuminated by accessible case studies, they consider the shifting roles and interactions of the public, private and voluntary sectors. As privatisation, outsourcing and the impact of market cultures spread further across the system, the authors look ahead to future developments and signpost the way to reform in a ‘post-market’ criminal justice sphere.
Download or read book State Control over Private Military and Security Companies in Armed Conflict written by Hannah Tonkin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-11 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past two decades have witnessed the rapid proliferation of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in armed conflicts around the world, with PMSCs participating in, for example, offensive combat, prisoner interrogation and the provision of advice and training. The extensive outsourcing of military and security activities has challenged conventional conceptions of the state as the primary holder of coercive power and raised concerns about the reduction in state control over the use of violence. Hannah Tonkin critically analyses the international obligations on three key states - the hiring state, the home state and the host state of a PMSC - and identifies the circumstances in which PMSC misconduct may give rise to state responsibility. This analysis will facilitate the assessment of state responsibility in cases of PMSC misconduct and set standards to guide states in developing their domestic laws and policies on private security.
