Download or read book The Potential of Liquid Hydrogen as a Military Aircraft Fuel written by William T. Mikolowsky and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid hydrogen does not appear to be attractive as a military aircraft fuel for the immediate future. In a wide variety of mission applications, liquid hydrogen is less cost-effective and less energy-effective than the available alternative. Indications are that synthetic jet-fuel is the most attractive alternative fuel for very large airplanes. At the least, this conclusion appears valid until coal reserves are substantially depleted. (Even for relatively high growth rates in coal consumption, domestic coal production is not likely to peak much before the second quarter of the 21st century). This conclusion is substantially strengthened when one realizes that airplanes using a conventional jet-fuel have the potential for a much greater payoff from advances in fuel-conserving aircraft technology. Furthermore, these conclusions prevailed despite our favorable assumptions toward liquid hydrogen in several important instances (e.g., aerial refueling). In summary, there is little, if any, potential for liquid hydrogen as a fuel for aircraft entering the Air Force inventory between now and the end of the century.
Download or read book Potential of Liquid Hydrogen As a Military Aircraft Fuel written by Rand Corporation and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen Aircraft Technology written by G.Daniel Brewer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid hydrogen is shown to be the ideal fuel for civil transport aircraft, as well as for many types of military aircraft. Hydrogen Aircraft Technology discusses the potential of hydrogen for subsonic, supersonic, and hypersonic applications. Designs with sample configurations of aircraft for all three speed categories are presented, in addition to performance comparisons to equivalent designs for aircraft using conventional kerosine-type fuel and configurations for aircraft using liquid methane fuel. Other topics discussed include conceptual designs of the principal elements of fuel containment systems required for cryogenic fuels, operational elements (e.g., pumps, valves, pressure regulators, heat exchangers, lines and fittings), modifications for turbine engines to maximize the benefit of hydrogen, safety aspects compared to kerosine and methane fueled designs, equipment and facility designs for servicing hydrogen-fueled aircraft, production methods for liquid hydrogen, and the environmental advantages for using liquid hydrogen. The book also presents a plan for conducting the necessary development of technology and introducing hydrogen fuel into the worldwide civil air transport industry. Hydrogen Aircraft Technology will provide fascinating reading for anyone interested in aircraft and hydrogen fuel designs.
Download or read book Liquid Hydrogen as a Propulsion Fuel 1945 1959 written by John L. Sloop and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen as an Aviation Fuel written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics. Subcommittee on Aeronautics and Space Technology and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Military Applications of Liquid Hydrogen Fueled Aircraft written by L. M. Schalit and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines certain aspects of the military use of LH2 as an alternate fuel for use in large military aircraft. These aspects include availability, cost, implications for aircraft design, mission capability, safety, and fuel tank vulnerability in a military threat environment. It is concluded that vulnerability in a military threat environment is the major topic which requires further attention in a comprehensive manner although some additional investigation will also be required in other topical areas.
Download or read book Liquid Hydrogen written by Walter Peschka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: to the German Edition This book is based on published material, oral presentations and lecture courses, as well as the author's personal research in the specific field of space technology and in the general areas of energy storage and transfer, and cryogenics. The science and technology of liquid hydrogen-once essential prere quisites for the rapid development of space technology-are now also proving to be more and more important for the energy production of the future. Hydrogen as an energy carrier can generally mediate the existing disparity between nuclear energy and regenerative energy, both of which are indispensable for the future. Hydrogen, as a secondary energy carrier, can be produced from these primary energy sources with minimal environmental impact and without the detrimental, long-term pollution effects of current fossil fuel technology. Hydrogen, therefore, represents the ultimate in energy technology. The initial, large-scale application of hydrogen as a secondary energy was as a high-energy rocket propellant. The procedures for its large scale liquefaction, storage and employment were generally developed in the U.S. Currently in Europe similar activities are being conducted only in France. The effort in West Germany involves testing hydrogen-oxygen and hydrogen-fluorine rocket engines, studying also the physical and technical characteristics of slush hydrogen-mixture of the solid and liquid phase-and is concentrating currently on R&D applications of liquid hydrogen as an alternate fuel. Similar activities are also being conducted in Japan and Canada.
Download or read book Liquid Hydrogen as a Propulsion Fuel 1945 1959 written by John L. Sloop and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Potential Role of Technological Modifications and Alternative Fuels in Alleviating Air Force Energy Problems written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines short- and long-term measures to reduce the consumption of petroleum jet fuels by the Air Force. Engine retrofits and aerodynamic modifications to existing aircraft can save significant quantities of jet fuel; however, savings in fuel expenditures are not enough to offset high initial costs of engine retrofits. If accomplished early in an aircraft's life cycle, relatively lower costs of modest aerodynamic modifications may be recoverable through savings in fuel expenditures. Synthetic JP fuels derived from oil shale or coal appear to be the most attractive future alternatives to petroleum jet fuels. If the foreign oil cartel maintains its price-setting effectiveness and synthetic fuels industry develops in the United States, development of an Air Force capability to interchangeable use fuels derived from crude oil, oil shale, or coal could be economically attractive and enhance the Air Force's position in the jet fuel marketplace. (Author).
Download or read book Military Jet Fuels 1944 1987 written by Charles R. Martel and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report consists of a brief history of US military fuels for aircraft turbine jet engines and ramjet engines. The report discusses the requirements of past and current US military jet fuel specifications, when and why the specification requirements originated, and the importance of these requirements today. The purpose and origin of the various specification test methods are presented, and an extensive discussion of jet fuel additives is provided. This report should be of value to anyone involved in research and development, logistics, and use of jet fuels. We hope that it will serve as a handy reference for the jet fuel specialist.
Download or read book The Potential of Liquid Hydrogen for Long Range Aircraft Propulsion written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth of aviation needed to cater for the needs of society might be undermined by restrictions resulting from the environmental implications of air traffic. Hydrogen could provide an excellent alternative to ensure a sustainable future for aviation. Several challenges remain to be addressed though before its adoption can become reality. The liquid hydrogen tanks are one of the areas where considerable research is needed. Further insight into unusual restrictions on aircraft classes that would be thought of as ideal candidates for hydrogen is also required. Hydrogen fueled very large long range transport aircraft for instance suffer from the 80 m airport box constraint which leads to a strong decrease in performance compared to other aircraft classes. In this work 3 main tools are developed to look into some of these issues. An aircraft conceptual design tool has been set up to allow a comparison between kerosene and hydrogen on a common and hence fair basis. An engine performance assessment routine is also developed to allow the coupling of the design of engine and aircraft as one integrated system. As the link between both subsystems is the liquid hydrogen tank, a detailed design method for the tanks has also been created. With these tools it has been shown that the gravimetric efficiency for large transport aircraft varies by only a few percent for a wide range of fuel masses and aircraft diameters with values in the order of 76to 80%. The performance of the long range transport aircraft itself however varies strongly from one class to another. For aircraft with a passenger load around 400 passengers, takeoff weight reductions around 25% can be obtained for similar operating empty weights and fuel weights of about 30% of the equivalent kerosene fuel weight. For 550 passenger aircraft however, the takeoff weight reduction reduces strongly due to the need for a triple deck fuselage and the resulting increase in fuselage mass. Whereas for the first category of a.
Download or read book DoD Energy R D Part II written by Frederick R. Riddell and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The questions addressed and the conclusions reached in this study are: (1) What range of multifuel capability may be desirable in military engines to relieve possible fuel supply problems. The conclusion is that it would be advantageous for military aircraft to be able to use all types of jet fuels and for ground vehicles and ships to be able to use all types of diesel fuels as safeguards against short-term shortages of military specification fuels. (2) What liquid hydrocarbon fuel options may be considered without incurring major performance degradation or severe maintenance problems. The conclusion is that with appropriate modifications to fuel supply and starting systems, the range of fuels defined in (1) could be used. However, R and D is needed to determine exactly what modifications are required and how fuels may be field-tested. More R and D is also needed to assemble handbooks of information on operating envelope and maintenance changes that may result from use of off-specification fuels. Current information is far from complete. Fuels from syncrudes should be included in this R and D work. (3) In the long-term, what alternatives to liquid hydrocarbon fuels can be considered. In the long-term (beyond 2000) the only possibilities appear to be (a) more extensive use of nuclear power in Navy ships and (b) use of liquid hydrogen in long-range aircraft. For all land and air tactical combat vehicles, however, any change from liquid hydrocarbon fuels would involve major performance changes which are probably unacceptable. (Author).
Download or read book The Use of Hydrogen for Aircraft Propulsion in View of the Fuel Crisis written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen Storage for Aircraft Applications Overview written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-15 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in fuel cell technology have brought about their consideration as sources of power for aircraft. This power can be utilized to run aircraft systems or even provide propulsion power. One of the key obstacles to utilizing fuel cells on aircraft is the storage of hydrogen. An overview of the potential methods of hydrogen storage was compiled. This overview identifies various methods of hydrogen storage and points out their advantages and disadvantages relative to aircraft applications. Minimizing weight and volume are the key aspects to storing hydrogen within an aircraft. An analysis was performed to show how changes in certain parameters of a given storage system affect its mass and volume.Colozza, Anthony J. and Kohout, Lisa (Technical Monitor)Glenn Research CenterFUEL TANKS; FUEL SYSTEMS; LIQUID HYDROGEN; AEROSPACE VEHICLES; WEIGHT (MASS); VOLUME; PROPULSION; FUEL CELLS
Download or read book Future Sources of Military Jet Fuels written by William L. Stanley and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic JP jet fuels derived from oil shale or coal appear to offer the most attractive alternative to petroleum jet fuels between now and at least the end of the century. While synthetic JP cannot compete economically with petroleum fuels in the marketplace today, the long lead times needed to introduce new military propulsion technologies more or less require that the military participate in synthetic-fuels-related research now in order to be in a position to choose the most cost-effective synthetic JP fuel option at some later date. The considerable uncertainties that surround the synthetic JP option suggest the desirability of following a parametric R & D approach to develop an understanding of the technical and economic trade-offs between jet engine technology and fuel processing at the refinery.
Download or read book Liquid Hydrogen as a Jet Fuel for High Altitude Aircraft written by and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
