Download or read book The positive Effect of Macroeconomic Crises on the Schooling and Employment Decisions of Children in a Middle income Country written by Norbert Rüdiger Schady and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under some conditions macroeconomic crises can have a positive effect on the accumulation of human capital because they reduce the opportunity cost of schooling. This has profound implications for the design of appropriate social protection policies.
Download or read book The Positive Effect of Macroeconomic Crises on the Schooling and Employment Decisions of Children in a Middle Income Country written by Norbert R. Schady and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of macroeconomic crises on parents' investments in the human capital of their children is a widely contested issue. The author analyzes the effects of the profound macroeconomic crisis in Peru in 1988-92 on the schooling and employment decisions made by urban school-age children. He arrives at two basic findings: First, the crisis had no effect on the attendance rates of school-age children. But the share of children who were both employed and in school fell significantly during the crisis. Second, mean educational attainment was significantly higher for children who were exposed to the crisis than for those who were not. THe author argues that these findings may be related: children who are not employed have more time available and may therefore put more effort into school. He concludes with a discussion of the implications of his findings for the design of appropriate social protection policies.
Download or read book The Positive Effect of Macroeconomic Crises on the Schooling and Employment Decisions of Children in a Middle Income Country written by Norbert Schady and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under some conditions, macroeconomic crises can have a positive effect on the accumulation of human capital because they reduce the opportunity cost of schooling. This has profound implications for the design of appropriate social protection policies. The impact of macroeconomic crises on parents' investments in the human capital of their children is a widely contested issue. Schady analyzes the effects of the profound macroeconomic crisis in Peru in 1988-92 on the schooling and employment decisions made by urban school-age children. He arrives at two basic findings:First, the crisis had no effect on the attendance rates of school-age children. But the share of children who were both employed and in school fell significantly during the crisis.Second, mean educational attainment was significantly higher for children who were exposed to the crisis than for those who were not.Schady argues that these findings may be related: Children who are not employed have more time available and may therefore put more effort into school. He concludes with a discussion of the implications of his findings for the design of appropriate social protection policies.This paper - a product of the Poverty Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to understand the effects of macroeconomic crises on households, and to design appropriate policies to mitigate their costs.
Download or read book Rights and Wrongs of Children s Work written by Michael Bourdillon and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rights and Wrongs of Children's Work, authored by an interdisciplinary team of experts, incorporates recent theoretical advances and experiences to explore the place of labor in children's lives and development. This groundbreaking book considers international policies governing children's work and the complexity of assessing the various effects of their work. The authors question current child labor policies and interventions, which, even though pursued with the best intentions, too often fail to protect children against harm or promote their access to education and other opportunities for decent futures. They argue for the need to re-think the assumptions that underlie current policies on the basis of empirical evidence, and they recommend new approaches to advance working children's well-being and guarantee their human rights. Rights and Wrongs of Children's Work condemns the exploitation and abuse of child workers and supports the right of all children to the best quality, free education that society can afford. At the same time, the authors recognize the value, and sometimes the necessity, of work in growing up, and the reality that a "workless" childhood, without responsibilities, is not good preparation for adult life in any environment.
Download or read book Understanding Poverty written by Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-20 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together essays by thirty-four leading economists about the most important things they have learnt from their research that relate to poverty. The essays range from the impact of colonialism and globalization to the future of micro-credit and the quest for new vaccines.
Download or read book Radical Solutions for Education in a Crisis Context written by Daniel Burgos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents how to keep working on education in contexts of crisis, such as emergencies, zones of conflict, wars and health pandemics such as COVID-19. Specifically, this work shows a number of strategies to support global learning and teaching in online settings. Particularly, it first presents how to facilitate knowledge sharing and raising awareness about a specific crisis, to increase people’s safety, including educators and learners. The book then discusses various techniques, mechanisms and services that could be implemented to provide effective learning support for learners, especially in learning environments that they do not daily use, such as physical classrooms. Further, the work presents how to teach and support online educators, no matter if they are school teachers, university lecturers, youth social workers, vocational training facilitators or of any other kind. Finally, it describes worldwide case studies that have applied practical steps to keep education running during a crisis. This book provides readers with insights and guidelines on how to maintain learning undisrupted during contexts of crisis. It also provides basic and practical recommendations to the various stakeholders in educational contexts (students, content providers, technology services, policy makers, school teachers, university lecturers, academic managers, and others) about flexible, personalised and effective education in the context of crisis.
Download or read book Targeted Transfers in Poor Countries written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two tradeoffs have been widely seen to severely constrain the scope for attacking poverty using redistributive transfers in poor countries: An equity-efficiency tradeoff and an insurance-efficiency tradeoff. Ravallion provides a critical overview of recent theoretical and empirical work that has called into question the extent of these tradeoffs in poor countries. He argues that these aggregate tradeoffs are often exaggerated. Indeed, they may not even be binding constraints in practice, given market failures. There appears to be scope for using carefully designed transfer schemes as an effective tool against both transient and chronic poverty. However, the same factors that weaken the tradeoffs also suggest that efficient redistributive policies might look rather different to the programs often found in practice. This paper - a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to better understand the tradeoffs faced in development policymaking.
Download or read book Youth at Risk in Latin America and the Caribbean written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Youth at Risk in Latin America provides evidence-based guidance to policymakers that will help increase the effectiveness of their youth investment program. Drawing on the authors' detailed analyses, the book describes twenty-three policies and programs that youth development experts agree are the basis of a quality youth development portfolio, from early childhood development programs to parent training to cash transfers for positive behaviors. It also lays out strategies for implementing this effective youth portfolio in a budget-constrained environment by reallocation of resources away from.
Download or read book Child Labor written by California. Legislature. Assembly. Committee on Labor Relations and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1973 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents information about child labor, compiled by the Children's Rights Division of Human Rights Watch (HRW), based in New York City. Describes bonded child labor and offers access to resources on trafficking, international agencies, and HRW publications.
Download or read book Closing the Gap in Education and Technology written by David M. De Ferranti and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental elements to unlocking the potential of technology to speed up economic growth in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are investing in education, opening up new technologies through foreign trade and investment, and encouraging private sector research and development. 'Closing the Gap in Education and Technology' advises Latin American and Caribbean governments to address the region's deficits in skills and technology, and thereby boost productivity, ultimately improving growth prospects. To close this 'productivity gap' in the region, the report calls for a range of policy approaches and strategies, depending on a country's level of development. It identifies three progressive stages in a country's technological evolution -- adoption, adaptation, and creation -- and observes that policies should be designed to address the particular challenges that accompany each stage.In conclusion, 'Closing the Gap in Education and Technology' argues that many countries in the Latin American and Caribbean region have been improving education and social risk management systems so that they are now ready to benefit from the rewards associated with creating stronger trade and technology ties with countries that are more technologically advanced.
Download or read book Cities Transformed written by Mark R. Montgomery and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the next 20 years, most low-income countries will, for the first time, become more urban than rural. Understanding demographic trends in the cities of the developing world is critical to those countries - their societies, economies, and environments. The benefits from urbanization cannot be overlooked, but the speed and sheer scale of this transformation presents many challenges. In this uniquely thorough and authoritative volume, 16 of the world's leading scholars on urban population and development have worked together to produce the most comprehensive and detailed analysis of the changes taking place in cities and their implications and impacts. They focus on population dynamics, social and economic differentiation, fertility and reproductive health, mortality and morbidity, labor force, and urban governance. As many national governments decentralize and devolve their functions, the nature of urban management and governance is undergoing fundamental transformation, with programs in poverty alleviation, health, education, and public services increasingly being deposited in the hands of untested municipal and regional governments. Cities Transformed identifies a new class of policy maker emerging to take up the growing responsibilities. Drawing from a wide variety of data sources, many of them previously inaccessible, this essential text will become the benchmark for all involved in city-level research, policy, planning, and investment decisions. The National Research Council is a private, non-profit institution based in Washington, DC, providing services to the US government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The editors are members of the Council's Panel on Urban Population Dynamics.
Download or read book Immunization in Developing Countries written by Varun Gauri and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors use cross-national social, political, economic, and institutional data to explain why some countries have stronger immunization programs than others, as measured by diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and measles vaccine coverage rates and the adoption of the hepatitis B vaccine. After reveiwing the existing literature on demand- and supply-side side factors that affect immunization programs, the authors find that the elements that most affect immunization programs in low- and middle-income countries involve broad changes in the global policy environment and contact with international agencies. Democracies tend to have lower coverage rates than autocracies, perhaps because bureaucratic elites have an affinity for immunization programs and are granted more autonomy in autocracies, althought this effect is not visible in low-income countries. The authors also find that the quality of a nation's institutions and its level of development are strongly related to immunization rate coverage and vaccine adoption, and that coverage rates are in general more a function of supply-side than demand effects. there is no evidence that epidemics or polio eradication campaigns affect immunization rates one way or another, or that average immunization rates increase following outbreaks of diphtheria, pertussis, or measles.
Download or read book Poverty and Inequality written by David B. Grusky and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of essays from leading public intellectuals that identifies major conceptual problems in the analysis of poverty and inequality and advances strategies for reducing poverty and inequality that are consistent with these new conceptual and methodological approaches.
Download or read book Child Labor in Transition in Vietnam written by Eric V. Edmonds and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Governance Matters II written by Daniel Kaufmann and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated governance indicators report estimates of six dimensions of governance for 175 countries in 2000-01. They can be compared with those constructed for 1997-98.
Download or read book Capacity Building in Economics Education and Research in Transition Economies written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of the institutional capacity to create and evaluate economic policies remains a critical need - and constraint - in most transition economies if they are to complete the successful passage to fully functioning market economies. To take an active role in the transition process, economic policymakers, business leaders, government officials, and others need a thorough grounding in market-based economics. This requires strengthening economics education and providing support for qualified economists to teach economics at all levels and to carry out high-quality research and policy analysis.
Download or read book Technology and Firm Performance in Mexico written by Gladys Lopez Acevedo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
