Download or read book The Political Economy of Trade Liberalization in the Transition written by Arye L. Hillman and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trade Liberalization During Transition written by Norbert Wunner and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dealing with Losers written by Michael J. Trebilcock and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Donner Prize for the best book on public policy by a Canadian in 2014.Whenever governments change policies - tax, expenditure, or regulatory policies, among others - there will typically be losers: people or groups who relied upon and invested in physical, financial, or human capital predicated on, or even deliberately induced by the pre-reform set of policies. Theissue of whether and when to mitigate the costs associated with policy changes, either through explicit government compensation, grandfathering, phased or postponed implementation, is ubiquitous across the policy landscape. Much of the existing literature covers government takings, yet compensationfor expropriation comprises merely a tiny part of the universe of such strategies.Dealing with Losers: The Political Economy of Policy Transitions explores both normative and political rationales for transition cost mitigation strategies and explains which strategies might create an aggregate, overall enhancement in societal welfare beyond mere compensation. Professor Michael J.Trebilcock highlights the political rationales for mitigating such costs and the ability of potential losers to mobilize and obstruct socially beneficial changes in the absence of well-crafted transition cost mitigation strategies. This book explores the political economy of transition costmitigation strategies in a wide variety of policy contexts including public pensions, U.S. home mortgage interest deductions, immigration, trade liberalization, agricultural supply management, and climate change, providing tested examples and realistic strategies for genuine policy reform.

Download or read book The Political Economy of Transition written by Norbert Wunner and published by Springer-Verlag. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Norbert Wunner presents an analysis of the main factors which have contributed to the slow and painful structural adjustment process and to the delay of economic reforms in transition countries from a political economy perspective.

Download or read book The Political Economy of Policy Reform written by John Williamson and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 1994 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policymakers around the world have increasingly agreed that macroeconomic discipline, microeconomic liberalization, and outward orientation are prerequisites for economic success. But what are the political conditions that make economic transformation possible? At a conference held at the Institute for International Economics, leaders of economic reform recounted their efforts to bring about change and discussed the impact of the political climate on the success of their efforts. In this book, these leaders explore the political conditions conducive to the success of policy reforms. Did economic crisis strengthen the hands of the reformers? Was the rapidity with which reforms were instituted crucial? Did the reformers have a "honeymoon" period in which to transform the economy? The authors answer these and other questions, as well as providing first-hand accounts of the politically charged atmosphere surrounding reform efforts in their countries.

Download or read book The Political Economy of Trade Reform in Emerging Markets written by Peter Draper and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . . . few if any other recent volumes offer a historical perspective on evolving trade policy in several countries, this well-written, well-edited volume. . . is suitable for graduate and research libraries. M. Larudee, Choice This book is a refreshing reminder of the benefits of unilateral trade liberalisation in countries whose leaders dare. An important story told with clarity and authority. Ross Garnaut, The Australian National University, Australia That trade liberalization is good for emerging market economies, and not just for the rich ones, is now widely accepted by both economists and policy-makers. But the question remains: how can these reforms be implemented in practice? The answer to that important question lies in understanding the political economy of each reforming country. This book makes a splendid contribution to our understanding of this issue by examining the experience of several countries. It is therefore an important book to be read by, not just students and researchers, but also policy-makers worldwide. Jagdish Bhagwati, Columbia University, US This timely book brings fresh analysis to the important issue of trade policy reform in emerging markets. The subject matter and its significance are comprehensively introduced with a review of developing country liberalization since the 1980s providing an analytical framework for the seven country case studies that follow. The case studies (Australia, Brazil, Chile, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, and South Africa) cover a wide variety of political, historical and economic issues, but all make clear the important role that crisis, or the threat of it, plays in meaningful trade policy reform. This is of particular relevance in the current global financial crisis. These studies, together with the conclusions which are drawn from them, show how important the trade liberalization agenda remains in the 21st century. Written by a combination of both experts and practitioners, this highly topical book will make productive reading for policy makers concerned with trade policy in developed and developing countries, as well as scholars working in trade policy. Postgraduate students studying international business, international relations, economics, politics, and international law should not be without this book.

Download or read book Trade Liberalization and the Transition to a Market Economy written by Oleh Havrylyshyn and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade liberalization is more important to Eastern and Central European economies than to reforming nonsocialist economies - and will also benefit the reforming socialist economies more. But it must be accompanied, or quickly followed, by rapid privatization.

Download or read book The State and Global Change written by Hassan Hakimian and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic liberalisation and reform are widely considered as the favourite remedies for the declining economic fortunes of the Middle Eastern and North African states in the past two decades. International economic institutions have been among the main advocates of transition to market-led economies in the region and a force contributing to its realisation. This has placed the state at the centre of the proposed transformations, acting both as an instrument of, and an obstacle to, change. With attempts at liberalisation worldwide spanning over twenty years, the time is ripe for a re-evaluation of its premises and outcome. The essays in this volume debate the political economy of transition and reforms in the Middle East and North Africa, drawing on interdisciplinary approaches and outlooks involving international, regional and national levels of analysis. The three central themes of the book are the rationale and strategies for reform, the processes and outcomes, and the nature of the state in the changing global setting.

Download or read book The Political Economy of Asian Transition from Communism written by Sujian Guo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparative study of the political economy of the transition from communism in East and Southeast Asian countries (China, North Korea, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia), addressing the key theoretical questions generated from the debate between shock-therapists and gradualists. While accurately defining the pre-reform model, this book explores the causal variables that have contributed to reform efforts within Asia, examining the significance of the sequencing of political and economic transition and the interplay between politics and the economy in determining variations in transition outcomes. Comparing the 'real world' experiences of transition nations in communist Asia with Eastern Europe, prominent questions are brought to the fore; will market capitalism or market socialism prevail after the grand failure of communism? This book makes an important contribution to the political economy theory of comparative communist and post-communist studies and provides detailed analytical insights that will prove influential in future theoretical work.

Download or read book Empirical Studies of Commercial Policy written by Robert E. Baldwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for careful research on trade policy is particularly acute, and this volume empirically addresses these and many other important issues. The contributors offer studies which integrate the institutional details of current trade policy with creative economic analyses. Marked by a shift from a traditional reliance on simulation models, these papers take their inspiration from recent changes in the assumptions traditionally underlying research in international trade theory. No longer are government policies viewed as being somehow "given" to the researcher; in part 1, "Analyses with a Political Economy Perspective," four papers treat such policies as endogenous and explicable in terms of political economy. Neither are product and factor markets seen as perfectly competitive; instead, the three papers in part 2, "Trade Policy Effects under Imperfectly Competitive Market Conditions," assume that firms consider the actions of other companies when formulating their decisions. In part 3, "A New Measure of Trade Restrictiveness and Estimates of Trade Policy Effects with CGE Models," the first essay explores the quantitative restrictions on cheese to develop and implement a new model of restrictive trade. Two final contributions address problems for which simulation modeling is especially useful. The first considers the effectiveness of an import surcharge in reducing the U.S. trade deficit and the second treats the welfare effects of liberalization in South Korea where increasing returns to scale are significant These innovative studies focus on economic behavior that will provide valuable insights for policymakers, academic economists, and students.

Download or read book Political Economy Aspects of Trade and Financial Liberalization written by Ms.Rina Bhattacharya and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-11-01 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper integrates a two-period overlapping generations model with a standard two-sector Hecksher-Ohlin trade model and analyzes the impact of uncertainty on domestic investment in the exportable and importable sectors, the political economy linkages between trade and financial liberalization, and the implications for sequencing. Under certain assumptions financial liberalization leads to a movement of resources in the opposite direction to that implied by trade liberalization, thus defeating one of the objectives of tariff reform. When political economy linkages are taken into account, however, the indirect effects of financial liberalization may offset the direct effects and encourage a movement of resources in the desired direction.

Download or read book The Global Political Economy of Trade Protectionism and Liberalization written by Tony Heron and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the widely-accepted premise that free trade is the best means of maximising overall societal welfare, why has it proven so difficult to achieve in certain industries? This book tackles arguably the most perennial and deep-rooted of all questions in political economy, and questions the incumbent orthodox liberal theories of collective action. Using a historical institutionalist framework to explore and explain the political economy of trade protectionism and liberalization, this book is based on detailed case studies of the textiles and clothing sector in the EU, United States, China, Caribbean Basin and sub-Saharan Africa. From this, the book expands to discuss the origins of trade protectionism and examine the wider political effects of liberalization, offering an explanation of why a successful conclusion to the WTO ‘Doha’ round has proven to be so elusive. The book argues that the regulation of global trade - and the economic consequences that this has for both developed and developing countries - has been the result of the particular way in which trade preferences are mediated through political institutions. The Global Political Economy of Trade Protectionism and Liberalization will be of interest to those studying and researching international and comparative political economy, developing area studies, economics, law and geography.

Download or read book The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions written by Stephan Haggard and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1970s there has been a widespread movement from authoritarian to democratic rule among developing countries, often occuring against a backdrop of severe economic crises and the adoption of market-oriented reforms. This book analyzes this relationship, addressing a variety of questions.

Download or read book The Political Economy of Trade Liberalization and Environmental Policy written by Per G. Fredriksson and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global trading system is currently undergoing another round of trade liberalization (the Uruguay Round), and regional economic integration is occurring in several parts of the world (e.g., EU, NAFTA). A surge in the interest in the environment has made the trade-environment link a part of trade talks. Following trade reform, it has become commonplace that industry representatives argue that less stringent environmental regulations in LDCs give these countries a comparative advantage in pollution intensive commodities, and that industries with high abatement costs will migrate to LDCs. This prediction is a political pressure on industrialized countries' environmental regulations in order to restore "competitiveness". Environmentalists argue that international differences in environmental laws and regulations may be reduced to their lowest common denominator through industry political pressure. This is thus not a fear of trade liberalization itself but of the effects of lower trade barriers on the political determination of environmental regulation. This paper focuses on the political economy effects of trade regime on environmental tax policy. First, we show that the politically determined tax may be inefficiently high or low depending on the relative political pressures in equilibrium. A positive tariff tends to increase the tax rate, since this increases tariff revenues. Second, we show the effects of trade liberalization on lobbying incentives. Both lobby groups are found to reduce their lobbying. This is because the marginal returns to a change in the tax fall. Thus, the lobby groups' political polarization on the environmental tax policy issue is reduced through tariff liberalization. Next, if the pollution tax falls sufficiently, pollution increases through the political channel. Fourth, we study the effect of tariff liberalization on pollution tax revenues. Several OECD countries are considering implementing or increasing pollution taxes in order to raise revenues. Tax revenues may fall due to political economy effects on the pollution tax rate. This implies that the environmental policy reforms proposed may lead to lower revenues than expected if the support from environmental lobby groups decreases faster than the opposition from industry interests. Furthermore, we find that pollution may increase simultaneously as tax revenues decrease. Finally, we discuss the case when the polluting good is exported, and is subject to an export tax. A reduction in the export tax increases the political polarization between the lobby groups, and depending on the relative increase in lobby group pressures, the pollution tax rate, pollution and pollution tax revenues may increase or decrease. An implication is that tariffs do not only distort domestic consumption and production, but also stimulate lobbying activities in other areas such as environmental regulation. Our findings also have a policy implication. Multilateral trade agreements that incorporate restrictions on changes in environmental policy would make it harder for domestic policy makers to mitigate the effects of trade liberalization. Environmental regulation would then not become a trade policy tool.

Download or read book The Politics of Economic Liberalization in Indonesia written by Andrew Rosser and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the dynamics shaping the economic process of economic liberalisation in Indonesia since the mid-1980's. Much writing on the process of economic liberalisation in developing countries views economic liberalisation as the victory of economic rationality over political and social interests. In contrast, this book argues that economic liberalisation should not be understood in these terms, but rather in the way that political social interests shape processes of economic reform in both a positive and negative sense. Specifically, Rosser argues that economic liberalisation needs to be understood in terms of the extent to which economic crises shift the balance of power and influence within society away from coalitions opposed to reform and towards those in favour of reform. In the Indonesian context, the main coalitions that need to be examined in this respect are the politico-bureaucrats and the conglomerates who have generally opposed reform and mobile capitalists who have generally supported reform. Based on extensive original research, and providing much new material, the book considers the politics of economic policy-making in Indonesia in a range of sectors including the capital market, intellectual property law, the banking industry, and the trade and investment sectors. Analysing why the nature of economic policy in Indonesia has varied over time, this study argues that there is nothing inevitable about a transition to a fully-fledged liberal market order in Indonesia, and outlines possible future scenarios for the country's political economy.

Download or read book Handbook of the Economics and Political Economy of Transition written by Paul Hare and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transition from central planning to a market economy, involving large-scale institutional change and reforms at all levels, is often described as the greatest social science experiment in modern times. As more than two decades have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union, it is now an excellent time to take stock of how the transition process has turned out for the economies that have moved on from socialism and the command economy. This new handbook assembles a team of leading experts, many of whom were closely involved in the transition process as policymakers and policy advisors, to explore the major themes that have characterized the transition process. After identifying the nature of initial conditions and the strengths and weaknesses of institutions, the varying paths and reforms countries have taken are fully analyzed – from the shock therapy, privatization or gradualism of the early years to the burning issues of the present including global integration and sustainable growth. Topics covered include the socialist system pre-transition, economic reforms, institutions, the political economy of transition, performance and growth, enterprise restructuring, and people and transition. The country coverage is also extensive, from the former socialist countries of the USSR and the satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe to the Asian countries of China, Vietnam and others. The rise of China as a key actor in the drama is chronicled, along with the emergence of a new, more confident, oil-rich Russia. The comparative prosperity of the Central European countries such as Poland and the Czech Republic is contrasted with the mixed fortunes of the former USSR, where some countries are stagnating while others boom. This Handbook of the Economics and Political Economy of Transition is the definitive guide to this new order of things in the former Communist world.

Download or read book The Order of Economic Liberalization written by Ronald I. Mckinnon and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1993-10 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can knowledge of financial policies in developing countries over four decades help the socialist economies of Asia and Eastern Europe become open market economies in the 1990s? In all these countries the loss of fiscal and monetary control has often resulted in high inflation that undermines the liberalization process itself. In the second edition of The Order of Economic Liberalization, Ronald McKinnon builds on his influential work on the liberalization of financial markets in less developed countries and outlines the progression necessary to move from a "repressed" to an open economy. New to this edition are chapters that contrast the gradual Chinese approach to liberalizing domestic and foreign trade with the "big bang" approach followed by some Eastern European countries and republics of the former Soviet Union. Financial control and macroeconomic stability, McKinnon argues, are more critical to a successful transition than is any crash program to privatize state-owned industrial assets and the banking system.