Download or read book The Political Economy of Redistributive Social Security written by Mr.Pierre Pestieau and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-12-01 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population aging puts significant pressure on social security systems that are based mainly on a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) formula and determined by the political process in which both retirees and future retirees participate. This paper demonstrates that in an economic and demographic steady state, majoritarian democracy overspends on social security. It then shows that in case of demographic shock, the regular majority process can be paralyzed by the development of entrenched interest groups that could lose from majority decisions. Depending on the way these entrenched interests operate, they can be judged more or less desirable from the viewpoint of social justice.

Download or read book The Political Economy of Social Security written by B.A. Gustafsson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-01-26 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many western countries with slow economic growth and population growth the increasing cost of the social security system is a concern. The contributions in this volume address this issue from various angles, theoretically as well as empirically and also taking into account institutional conditions. This book discusses current social security policy issues and related research from a number of western countries. Papers include the following subjects: - Recent policy changes in the UK and the Federal Public of Germany - Distributional effects of social security - Public choice models of social security - Economic incentive effects of unemployment insurance and occupational pensions - The macroeconomic effects of the growth of benefits and their financing

Download or read book The Political Economy of Social Inequalities written by Vincente Navarro and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two decades of the 20th century, we witnessed a dramatic growth in social inequalities within and among countries. This has had a most negative impact on the health and quality of life of large sectors of the populations in the developed and underdeveloped world. This volume analyzes the reasons for this increase in inequalities and its consequences for the well-being of populations. Scholars from a variety of disciplines and countries analyze the different dimensions of this topic.

Download or read book Economic and Financial Aspects of Social Security written by J. Henry Richardson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-24 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1960, Economic and Financial Aspects of Social Security presents an important intervention by Professor J. Henry Richardson, an experienced authority on social security. Specially valuable is the chapter which considers what proportion of national income can be afforded for social security and also that on the alternatives of financing by accumulating large funds or by ‘pay-as-you-go’ methods. The author directs particular attention to age and retirement and urges that both social security systems and industrial organization should be so devised as to give encouragement and facilities for older people to continue working as long as they are fit. He also discusses remedies for poverty arising from sickness and large families with low incomes. The value of social security as a factor in economic security and in the redistribution of income, safeguards against inflation, and the problem of saving today for consumption in the future are also examined. This book is an essential read for scholars and researchers of political economy, labour economics and economics in general

Download or read book The Possibility of Politics written by Stein Ringen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Possibility of Politics explores the power of political reform, specifically reform of the modern welfare state. Can reform be effective if limited to cautious and piecemeal interventions that avoid radicalism and revolution? Can it also avoid unwanted consequences? Will the welfare state survive in the future?Stein Ringen views the welfare state as a large-scale experiment in political reform. To ask if the welfare state works is to ask if political reform is possible at all. By its nature, the welfare state is reform on a grand scale, for it attempts to change the circumstances individuals and families live under without changing and disrupting society itself. But is it realistic to believe a population can get together, set goals and then try to meet these goals through collective actions, specifically public policies, without causing unintended consequences and destroying the state in the process? The welfare state attempts, idealistically, to redistribute welfare without reshaping the economic processes that cause inequities in the first place. Ringen considers how well redistribution has met the test in terms of political legitimacy, its intended effects on poverty and inequality, as well as its undesired and unintended effects on economic efficiency and the quality of private life. Ultimately, does the welfare state work? Further, is the welfare state a good thing?In considering these questions, The Possibility of Politics should be of particular value to academics and advanced students interested in political theory, public economics, social administration, and political sociology.Stein Ringen is professor of sociology and social policy at Oxford University and a Fellow of Green College. He teaches social and political theory and research methodology for graduates in social policy, sociology, politics, economic and social history and other subjects.

Download or read book The Political Economy of the Welfare State written by Thomas Wilson and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-11-21 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s, the welfare state, for too long regarded as a notable contribution to the establishment of a humane social order, had over the previous decade come under increasing attack. Some of its critics, especially in the UK and the USA, maintained that it had failed to deal satisfactorily with the problem of poverty. Others held that it was over-elaborate, created a psychology of dependence and imposed costs that needed to be reduced as part of a policy of general economic recovery. In a number of countries, cuts had already been imposed or were now contemplated. In this situation it was crucially important to direct attention once more to the basic objectives of the various welfare services from a systematic and comparative standpoint. Originally published in 1982, the authors of this book, one an economist and the other a specialist in social administration, subjected these aims to rigorous analysis and discuss the underlying issues of social philosophy. They then attempt to assess the various methods adopted for their attainment in Britain and comment on those adopted in the USA and in some continental European countries. Although the authors reject the more extreme assertion that the welfare state has been a failure, they point to the need to relate some of the policies followed more clearly to the basic objectives. A number of proposals for reform are put forward which would imply some change of emphasis and should permit a simplification of existing over-complex arrangements.

Download or read book The Crisis in Social Security written by Carolyn L. Weaver and published by Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Political Economy of Social Security written by Vincenzo Galasso and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper surveys the literature on the political economy of social security. We review models that address the following questions: (i) Why do social security programs that transfer resources from young and middle-aged workers to the elderly exist? (ii) What are the economic and political interactions between social security systems and other redistributive programs of the welfare state? (iii) How does political sustainability shape social security systems in a dynamic economic and demographic environment, and which social security reforms are politically feasible? We characterize this literature along two lines: economic factors and political institutions. We then assess the empirical relevance of the models by comparing their implications to stylized social security facts.

Download or read book Why are More Redistributive Social Security Systems Smaller A Median Voter Approach written by Marko Koethenbuerger and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the stylized facts of unfunded social security programs is that programs are larger in size, measured relative to the GDP, the tighter the link between pension claims and past earnings. We provide a political economy explanation of this stylized fact in a median voter model, where people vote on the social security tax rate. We compare pension systems with flat-rate and earnings-related benefit formulas. Only flat-rate benefits redistribute within a generation from high to low income groups. If labor supply is endogenous, they also imply larger efficiency costs than earnings-related schemes. Using data on eight European countries, we find that the median voter is typically middle-aged with high income. For these voters, earnings-related systems are more attractive both because of less intragenerational redistribution and lower distortions in labor supply. The median voter model is also able to account for a considerable degree of cross-country variation in contribution rates.

Download or read book Economics of Income Redistribution written by G. Tullock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Political Economy of Inequality Redistribution and Growth written by Francisco Rafael Rodriguez Caballero and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Political economy Positive Role of the Social Security System in Sustaining Immigration but Not Vice Versa written by Edith Sand and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the political-economy debate people express the idea that immigrants are good because they can help pay for the old, thus help sustaining the social security system. In addition, the median voter whose income derives from wages will wish to keep out the immigrants who will depress his/her wage. Therefore the decisive voter will keep migrants out. The paper addresses these two accepted propositions. For this purpose we develop an OLG political economy model of social security and migration to explore how migration policy and a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) social security system are jointly determined. The sub-game perfect Markov , depends on the different patterns of fertility rates among native born and migrants. Our analysis demonstrates that a social security system may change the first proposition significantly because the median voter may opt to bring in migrants to help him/her during retirement. As for the second proposition we get a significantly nuanced version. Not always immigration helps sustain the social security.

Download or read book The Political Future of Social Security in Aging Societies written by Vincenzo Galasso and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quantitative analysis of the political sustainability of social security reform in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK, and the US, with the suggestion that population aging will lead to more pension spending and that raising the retirement age is the most politically viable reform measure.

Download or read book Political Economics written by Vincenzo Galasso and published by EGEA spa. This book was released on 2020-04-01T10:50:00+02:00 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is written for undergraduate students in Economics and in Political Science who want to learn about the political economics of redistributive policies. It provides a positive analysis of the political process behind the design and implementation of redistributive policies, by using the minimum level of mathematical formalization required, in an attempt to be accessible to second- and third-year undergraduate students. The book does not span the entire domain of political economics but concentrates on redistributive policies. This includes monetary transfers, such as pensions and unemployment benefits, as well as regulations, in the labor and product market, which allow to redistribute economic rents. Although the book is mostly self-contained, readers are expected to have a basic knowledge of microeconomics.

Download or read book The Political Geography of Inequality written by Pablo Beramendi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-26 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses two questions - why some political systems have more centralized systems of interpersonal redistribution than others, and why some political unions make larger efforts to equalize resources among their constituent units than others. This book presents a new theory of the origin of fiscal structures in systems with several levels of government. The argument points to two major factors to account for the variation in redistribution: the interplay between economic geography and political representation on the one hand, and the scope of interregional economic externalities on the other. To test the empirical implications derived from the argument, the book relies on in-depth studies of the choice of fiscal structures in unions as diverse as the European Union, Canada and the United States in the aftermath of the Great Depression; Germany before and after Reunification; and Spain after the transition to democracy.

Download or read book Income Inequality and Redistributive Government Spending written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper examines empirically the question of whether more unequal societies spend more on income redistribution than their more egalitarian counterparts. Theoretical arguments on this issue are inconclusive. The political economy literature suggests that redistributive spending is higher in unequal societies due to median voter preferences. Alternatively, it can be argued that unequal societies may spend less on redistribution because of capital market imperfections. Based on different data sources, the cross-country evidence reported in this paper suggests that more unequal societies do spend less on redistribution.

Download or read book Taxing the Working Poor written by Achim Kemmerling and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kemmerling deftly intertwines the efficiency theory of taxation with the political basis of taxing the working poor. . . This commendable effort in interdisciplinary study and the comparative analysis of taxation is an essential reference for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as faculty and professionals of economics, political science, and taxation systems of Europe. S. Chaudhuri, Choice Taxing the Working Poor is an inspiring read for political scientists and economists interested in the relationship between taxation and employment. Based on an elegant combination of econometric analysis and historical case studies, it shows that the alleged trade-off between employment and progressive taxation has political rather than economic roots. Philipp Genschel, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany What are the economic and political forces which generate different regimes of tax on labour? What are the implications for the labour market of these different regimes? And does globalisation bring a halt to tax-based redistribution? Achim Kemmerling tackles these and other important questions in this significant book. Malcolm Sawyer, University of Leeds, UK We have been distracted from the detailed problems of financing the welfare state by the tired old twentieth-century debate between libertarian tax minimisers and maximal socialist collectivisers. We have to move on. The welfare state has to be accepted and the detailed problems of taxation to sustain it have to be addressed. This well-researched and fascinating book addresses the political and institutional origins of different tax systems and points to viable strategies of redistribution and reform. Geoffrey M. Hodgson, University of Hertfordshire, UK In most industrialized countries the tax burden of poor people has increased dramatically over the last few decades. This book analyses both the political origins of this increase and its consequences for the labour market. Achim Kemmerling illustrates that tax-based redistribution and employment are not incompatible, and that the shift away from redistribution has not occurred on grounds of economic efficiency. He goes on to show that a long-term shift from capital to labour taxation has provoked conflicts of interests between workers that have weakened the political cause of tax-based redistribution. This interdisciplinary account of the political economy of taxing low wages explains the historical and structural origins of political tensions between different types of workers and their effects on the performance of labour markets. As such, it will strongly appeal to a wide-ranging audience, including academics, students and researchers with a special interest in political science, political economy, labour markets and the economics of taxation. Practitioners in the field of labour market, social and tax policies interested in the normative consequences of taxation for the labour market will also find the book to be of great interest.