Download or read book The Polar and Subpolar North Atlantic During the Last Five Glacial interglacial Cycles written by Jan P. Helmke and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Polar and Subpolar North Atlantic Durinmg the Last Five Glacial interglacial Cycles written by Jan P. Helmke and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CO2 in Seawater Equilibrium Kinetics Isotopes written by R.E. Zeebe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-10-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas after water vapor in the atmosphere of the earth. More than 98% of the carbon of the atmosphere-ocean system is stored in the oceans as dissolved inorganic carbon. The key for understanding critical processes of the marine carbon cycle is a sound knowledge of the seawater carbonate chemistry, including equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties as well as stable isotope fractionation. Presenting the first coherent text describing equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties and stable isotope fractionation among the elements of the carbonate system. This volume presents an overview and a synthesis of these subjects which should be useful for graduate students and researchers in various fields such as biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography, paleoceanography, marine biology, marine chemistry, marine geology, and others. The volume includes an introduction to the equilibrium properties of the carbonate system in which basic concepts such as equilibrium constants, alkalinity, pH scales, and buffering are discussed. It also deals with the nonequilibrium properties of the seawater carbonate chemistry. Whereas principle of chemical kinetics are recapitulated, reaction rates and relaxation times of the carbonate system are considered in details. The book also provides a general introduction to stable isotope fractionation and describes the partitioning of carbon, oxygen, and boron isotopes between the species of the carbonate system. The appendix contains formulas for the equilibrium constants of the carbonate system, mathematical expressions to calculate carbonate system parameters, answers to exercises and more.
Download or read book Mid depth circulation of the subpolar North Atlantic during the last glacial maximum written by D.W. OPPO and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Variations in the North Atlantic in Response to Quaternary Glaciations written by AUTHOR UNKNOWN. and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this book, the sea surface and deep water conditions in the mid-latitude North Atlantic during the Quaternary are reconstructed based on the analysis of both planktonic and benthic microfaunal assemblages from the SW Iberian margin. The key location of the study site, and the comparison with other sites in the North Atlantic, allow for the drawing of basin-wide conclusions. Millennial-scale variability in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) occurred during interglacial and glacial periods, but with a wider amplitude (> 5 oC) at glacial onsets and terminations. Pronounced stadial events were recorded at all deglaciations during the Quaternary. This prominent cooling of surface waters is the result of major reorganizations of North Atlantic circulation in response to freshwater release to the North Atlantic when ice sheets collapse at the onset of deglaciations. The slowdown of North Atlantic deep-water formation associated to such freshening events reduced the northward flow of the warm subtropical North Atlantic Drift and enhanced the southward advection of cold subpolar waters. Following each episode of severe cooling at the onset of deglaciations, surface water experienced abrupt warming that initiated the climatic optimum during the early phase of interglacials. Abrupt warming was recorded by a sudden increase of the subtropical assemblage that indicates enhanced northward transport of heat through the North Atlantic Drift. At the onset of glaciations, SST in middle latitudes remained relatively warm while the surface waters of the North Atlantic experienced cooling, producing a wide latitudinal SST gradient. The Southwest Iberian margin is highly sensitive to changes in the distribution of North Atlantic currents and both surface and deep water masses, as well as to changes in the position of the Arctic and subtropical fronts. Integrative research including deep and surface analysis has been conducted in this area to evaluate the incidence that surface changes had on deep-sea environments. Results reveal the predominance of well-oxygenated bottom and pore-waters, as well as an abundance of food in the sediment for benthic communities. Nevertheless, significant changes in surface productivity and food availability in the sea floor are recorded between glacials and interglacials. Interglacial surface productivity is much lower than during glacial activity, which, combined with the presence of the highly oxygenated North Atlantic deep water, results in reduced organic matter availability for benthic communities. On the other hand, during glacials when the bottom-water mass is the oxygen-depleted Antarctic bottom water and the organic matter supply from the surface is higher, the combination results in better environmental conditions for benthic communities."--
Download or read book Ice Ages and Interglacials written by Donald Rapp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-22 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies the history and gives an analysis of extreme climate change on Earth. In order to provide a long-term perspective, the first chapter briefly reviews some of the wild gyrations that occurred in the Earth’s climate hundreds of millions of years ago: snowball Earth and hothouse Earth. Coming closer to modern times, the effects of continental drift, particularly the closing of the Isthmus of Panama are believed to have contributed to the advent of ice ages in the past three million years. This first chapter sets the stage for a discussion of ice ages in the geological recent past (i.e. within the last three million years, with an emphasis on the last few hundred thousand years). The second chapter discusses geological evidence for ice ages – how geologists surmised their existence prior to actual subsurface data that proved the theory. The following two chapters look at ice cores (primarily from Greenland and Antarctica). Chapter 3 discusses how ice core data is processed and Chapter 4 summarizes data obtained from ice cores. Chapter 5 discusses the processing of data obtained from ocean sediments, and summarizes the results, while the following chapter discusses data from other sources, such as "Devil’s Cave." Chapter 7 summarizes the experimental results from Chapters 4, 5, and 6. It provides the foundation for comparison with theories in later chapters. In a perfect world, this data would be totally separate and disconnected from theory. Unfortunately, as the author shows, dating of much of the data was accomplished by "tuning" to the astronomical theory, which introduces circular reasoning. Chapter 8 provides a brief overview of the various theories that have been devised to "explain" the patterns of alternating ice ages and interglacials that have occurred over the past three million years. This serves as an introduction to the following three chapters which presents the astronomical theory in its various manifestations, compare the astronomical theory with data, and then compare other theories with data. Finally, Chapter 12 summarizes what we think we know about ice ages and, more importantly, what we don’t know.
Download or read book Abrupt climatic change during the last interglacial glacial cycle in the polar North Atlantic written by M. Hald and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polar Environments and Global Change written by Roger G. Barry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys atmospheric, oceanic and cryospheric processes, present and past conditions, and changes in polar environments.
Download or read book The Northern North Atlantic written by Priska Schäfer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-04-02 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The northern North Atlantic is one of the regions most sensitive to past and present global changes. This book integrates the results of an interdisciplinary project studying the properties of the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas and the processes of pelagic and benthic particle formation, particle transport, and deposition in the deep-sea sediments. Ice-related and biogeochemical processes have been investigated to decipher the spatial and temporal variability of the production and fate of organic carbon in this region. Isotopic stratigraphy, microfossil assemblages and paleotemperatures are combined to reconstruct paleoceanographic conditions and to model past climatic changes in the Late Quaternary. The Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas can now be considered one of the best studied subbasins of the world`s oceans.
Download or read book Ocean Biogeochemical Dynamics written by Jorge L. Sarmiento and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-17 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Biogeochemical Dynamics provides a broad theoretical framework upon which graduate students and upper-level undergraduates can formulate an understanding of the processes that control the mean concentration and distribution of biologically utilized elements and compounds in the ocean. Though it is written as a textbook, it will also be of interest to more advanced scientists as a wide-ranging synthesis of our present understanding of ocean biogeochemical processes. The first two chapters of the book provide an introductory overview of biogeochemical and physical oceanography. The next four chapters concentrate on processes at the air-sea interface, the production of organic matter in the upper ocean, the remineralization of organic matter in the water column, and the processing of organic matter in the sediments. The focus of these chapters is on analyzing the cycles of organic carbon, oxygen, and nutrients. The next three chapters round out the authors' coverage of ocean biogeochemical cycles with discussions of silica, dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity, and CaCO3. The final chapter discusses applications of ocean biogeochemistry to our understanding of the role of the ocean carbon cycle in interannual to decadal variability, paleoclimatology, and the anthropogenic carbon budget. The problem sets included at the end of each chapter encourage students to ask critical questions in this exciting new field. While much of the approach is mathematical, the math is at a level that should be accessible to students with a year or two of college level mathematics and/or physics.
Download or read book The Northern North Atlantic written by Priska Schäfer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The northern North Atlantic is one of the regions most sensitive to past and present global changes. This book integrates the results of an interdisciplinary project studying the properties of the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas and the processes of pelagic and benthic particle formation, particle transport, and deposition in the deep-sea sediments. Ice-related and biogeochemical processes have been investigated to decipher the spatial and temporal variability of the production and fate of organic carbon in this region. Isotopic stratigraphy, microfossil assemblages and paleotemperatures are combined to reconstruct paleoceanographic conditions and to model past climatic changes in the Late Quaternary. The Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas can now be considered one of the best studied subbasins of the world`s oceans.
Download or read book Early Middle Pleistocene Transitions written by Geological Society of London and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2005 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Early-Middle Pleistocene transition (around 1.2 to 0.5 Ma) marks a profound shift in Earth's climate state. Low-amplitude 41 ka climate cycles, dominating the earlier part of the Pleistocene, gave way progressively to a 100 ka rhythm of increased amplitude that characterizes our present glacial-interglacial world. This volume assesses the biotic and physical response to this transition both on land and in the oceans: indeed it examines the very nature of Quaternary climate change. Milankovitch theory, palaeoceanography using isotopes and microfossils, marine organic geochemistry, tephrochronology, the record of loess and soil deposition, terrestrial vegetational change, and the migration and evolution of hominins as well as other large and small mammals, are all considered. These themes combine to explore the very origins of our present biota.
Download or read book The Climate of Past Interglacials written by F. Sirocko and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-08 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, climate fluctuations, such as the Little Ice Age, show that interglacial climate chage in not entirely stable, but responds to even subtle changes in radiative forcing. Through research, it has been made clear that even an abrupt change of climate within years is not just a theoretical possibility but has in fact happened in the prehistoric past. It is therefore clear that in principal it could happen again. Human civilaization has exploded under the mild and relatively stable climatic conditions that have prevailed over the last 11,000 years. This book focuses on revisiting the past and to study climate and environment in a suite of experiments where boundary conditions are similar but not identical to today so we can learn about the climate-environment system, its sensitivity, thresholds and feedback. The palaeoclimate community holds an important key to scientific information on climate change that provides a basis for appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies. The authors of this book have taken up this challenge and summarize their results in this special volume. It presents state-of-the-art science on new reconstructions from all spheres of the Earth System and on their synthesis, on methodological advances, and on the current ability of numerical models to simulate low and high frequency changes of climate, environment, and chemical cycling related to interglacials. * Summarizes important information on climate change, providing a basis for appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies for human civilization* Reports on new reconstuctions on methodological advances, numerical models simulating low and high frequence changes, and chemical cycling related to interglacials* Incorporates palaeovegetaion and numerical modeling of climate and environmental and geochemical parameters to address regional feedback to global change with successful data-models
Download or read book Radiocarbon After Four Decades written by Ervin Taylor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiocarbon After Four Decades: An Interdisciplinary Perspective commemorates the 40th anniversary of radiocarbon dating. The volume presents discussions of every aspect of this dating technique, as well as chronicles of its development and views of future advancements and applications. All of the 64 authors played major roles in establishment, development or application of this revolutionary scientific tool. The 35 chapters provide a solid foundation in the essential topics of radiocarbon dating: Historical Perspectives; The Natural Carbon Cycle; Instrumentation and Sample Preparation; Hydrology; Old World Archaeology; New World Archaeology; Earth Sciences; and Biomedical Applications.
Download or read book The Glacial World According to Wally written by Wallace S. Broecker and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Climates since the Last Glacial Maximum written by H. E. Wright and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traces the evolution of the global climate since the last period of glacial maximum approximately 18,000 years ago. Examines how changes in climate have transformed Earth's biomes in this period and how this change has influenced the evolution of life.
Download or read book The Oceans and Marine Geochemistry written by H. Elderfield and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-06-20 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Treatise on Geochemistry is the first work providing a comprehensive, integrated summary of the present state of geochemistry. It deals with all the major subjects in the field, ranging from the chemistry of the solar system to environmental geochemistry. The Treatise on Geochemistry has drawn on the expertise of outstanding scientists throughout the world, creating the reference work in geochemistry for the next decade. Each volume consists of fifteen to twenty-five chapters written by recognized authorities in their fields, and chosen by the Volume Editors in consultation with the Executive Editors. Particular emphasis has been placed on integrating the subject matter of the individual chapters and volumes. Elsevier also offers the Treatise on Geochemistry in electronic format via the online platform ScienceDirect, the most comprehensive database of academic research on the Internet today, enhanced by a suite of sophisticated linking, searching and retrieval tools.
