Download or read book Franz Joseph Gall written by Stanley Finger and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) was always a controversial figure, as was his doctrine, later called phrenology. Although often portrayed as a discredited buffoon, who believed he could assess a person's strengths and weaknesses by measuring cranial bumps, he was, in fact, a serious physician-scientist, who strove to answer timely questions about the mind, brain, and behavior. In many ways a remarkable visionary, his seminal ideas would become tenets of modern behavioral neuroscience. Among other things, he was the first scientist to promote publicly the idea of specialized cortical areas for diverse higher functions, while taking metaphysics out of his new science of mind. Moreover, although he obviously placed too much emphasis on "tell-tale" skull features (mistakenly believing that the cranium faithfully reflects the features of underlying brain areas), he fully understood the strength of "convergent operations," conducting neuroanatomical, developmental, cross-species, gender-comparison, and brain-damage studies on both humans and animals in his attempts to unravel the mysteries of brain organization. Rather than looking upon Gall's "organology" as one of science's great mistakes, this book provides a fresh look at the man and his doctrine. The authors delve into his motives, what was known about the brain during the 1790s, and the cultural demands of his time. Gall is rightfully presented as an early-19th-century biologist, anthropologist, philosopher, and physician with an inquisitive mind and a challenging agenda--namely, how to account for species and individual differences in behavior. In this well-researched book, readers learn why, starting as a young physician in Vienna and continuing his life's work in Paris, he chose to study the mind and the brain, why he employed his various methods, why he relied so heavily on cranial features, and why he wrote what he did in his books. Frequently using Gall's own words, they show his impact in various domains, including his approach to the insane and criminals, before concluding with his final illness and more lasting legacy.

Download or read book The Science of the Hand Or The Art of Recognising the Tendencies of the Human Mind by the Observation of the Formations of the Hands written by Casimir Stanislas Arpentigny and published by . This book was released on 1886 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gall Spurzheim and the Phrenological Movement written by Paul Eling and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1790s in Vienna, German physician Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) came forth with a new doctrine dealing with mind, brain and behavior—one that could account for individual differences. He maintained that there are many independent faculties of mind, each associated with a separate part of the brain. He fine-tuned his ideas and published two sets of books presenting them after he and his assistant, Johann Gaspar Spurzheim, settled in Paris in 1807. Gall's ideas had many supporters but were controversial and unsettling to others. In particular, the opposition ridiculed his belief that skull features reflect the growth of specific, underlying cortical organs, and hence correlate with personality traits (i.e., his ‘bumpology’). Gall’s fundamental ideas about the mind and organization of the brain were debated across the globe, and they also began to be exploited by unscrupulous businessmen, ‘professors’ who ‘read skulls’ for a living. But, as some historians have shown, his ideas about mind, brain and behavior led to the modern neurosciences. The chapters collected in this volume provide new insights into Gall’s thinking and what Spurzheim did, and the faddish movement called ‘phrenology’, which originated as a science of humankind but became a popular source of entertainment. All chapters were originally published in various issues of the Journal of the History of the Neurosciences.

Download or read book Index catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon General s Office United States Army written by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1890 with total page 1132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Science Matters Humanities As Complex Systems written by Maria Burguete and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008-11-26 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All earnest and honest human quests for knowledge are efforts to understand Nature, which includes both human and nonhuman systems, the objects of study in science. Thus, broadly speaking, all these quests are in the science domain. The methods and tools used may be different; for example, the literary people use mainly their bodily sensors and their brain as the information processor, while natural scientists may use, in addition, measuring instruments and computers. Yet, all these activities could be viewed in a unified perspective — they are scientific developments at varying stages of maturity and have a lot to learn from each other.That “everything in Nature is part of science” was well recognized by Aristotle, da Vinci and many others. Yet, it is only recently, with the advent of modern science and experiences gathered in the study of statistical physics, complex systems and other disciplines, that we know how the human-related disciplines can be studied scientifically.Science Matters is about all human-dependent knowledge, wherein humans (the material system of Homo sapiens) are studied scientifically from the perspective of complex systems. It includes all the topics covered in the humanities and social sciences. Containing contributions from knowledgeable humanists, social scientists and physicists, the book is intended for those — from artists to scientists — who are curious about the world and are interested in understanding it with a unified perspective.

Download or read book Brain Evolution Language and Psychopathology in Schizophrenia written by Paolo Brambilla and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-12 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive review of new developments in the study of language processing and related neural networks in schizophrenia by addressing the complex link between psychopathology, language and evolution at different levels of analysis. Psychopathological symptoms in schizophrenia are mainly characterized by thought and language disorders, which are strictly intertwined. In particular, language is the distinctive dimension of human beings and is ontologically related to brain development. Although normal at the levels of segmental phonology and morphological organization, the speech of patients suffering from schizophrenia is often characterized by flattened intonation and word-finding difficulties. Furthermore, research suggests that the superior temporal gyrus and specific prefrontal areas which support language in humans are altered in people with schizophrenia. Brambilla and Marini bring together international contributors to explore the link between brain evolution and the psychopathological features of schizophrenia, with a focus on language and its neural underpinnings. Divided into three sections the book covers: • brain evolution and language phylogenesis • brain abnormalities in schizophrenia • psychopathology and schizophrenia. This theoretical approach will appeal to professionals including clinical psychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, neuropsychiatrists, neuropsychologists, neurolinguists, and researchers considering the links between brain evolution, language and psychopathology in schizophrenia.

Download or read book The British Critic and Quarterly Theological Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1815 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spectacular Bodies written by Martin Kemp and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Illustrated and with essays by Martin Kemp, Spectacular Bodies reveals a new way of seeing ourselves."--BOOK JACKET.

Download or read book A Catalogue of the Library of the Royal Institution of Great Britain written by Charles Burney and published by . This book was released on 1821 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Catalogue of the Library of the Royal Institution of Great Britain Including a Complete List of All the Greek Writers by the Late Rev Charles Burney with an Alphabetical Index of Authors by William Harris written by and published by . This book was released on 1821 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Conquest of Mind written by David de Giustino and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1975. This study examines one of the popular scientific philosophies of the nineteenth-century. The first part deals with the reception and diffusion of phrenology in Britain, its usefulness to various professions, and its challenge to traditional religion. The second part considers the application of phrenology in two separate social movements: prison reform and national education. This title will be of interest to students of history and philosophy.

Download or read book The Plain Speaker written by William Hazlitt and published by . This book was released on 1890 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A new system of short hand written by Samuel Richardson (teacher of short-hand.) and published by . This book was released on 1810 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Edinburgh Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1815 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book THE EDINBURGH REVIEW OR CRITICAL JOURNAL written by and published by . This book was released on 1815 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Encyclopaedia Britannica Or Dictionary of Arts Sciences and General Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1842 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Mind of the Horse written by Michel-Antoine Leblanc and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-04 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Horses were first domesticated about 6,000 years ago on the vast Eurasian steppe, yet only in the last two decades have scientists begun to explore the mental capacities of these animals. In The Mind of the Horse, Michel-Antoine Leblanc presents an encyclopedic synthesis of scientific knowledge about equine behavior and cognition, providing experts and enthusiasts alike with an up-to-date understanding of how horses perceive, think about, and adapt to their physical and social worlds. Much of what we think we know about "the intelligence of the horse" derives from fragmentary reports and anecdotal evidence. Putting this accumulated wisdom to the test, Leblanc introduces readers to rigorous experimental investigations into how horses make sense of their world under varying conditions. He describes the anatomical and neurophysiological characteristics of the horse's brain, and compares these features with those of other species, to gain an evolutionary perspective. A horseman himself, Leblanc also considers the opinions of renowned riding masters, as well as controversies surrounding the horse's extraordinary mental powers that have stirred in equestrian and scientific circles. The Mind of the Horse brings together in one volume the current state of equine research and will likely stimulate surprising new discoveries.