Download or read book The Physics and Dynamics of Planetary Nebulae written by Grigor A. Gurzadyan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-09 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planetary nebulae are the classic subject of astrophysics. The physical pro cesses occurring in this highly ionized gaseous medium, the formation of emis sion lines in clearly specified conditions, the continuous emission extending from the far ultraviolet up to infrared and radio frequencies, the generation of exotic forms of radiation predicted by atomic physics, along with methods for deciphering the observed spectra and detecting physical and kinematic parameters of the radiating medium, etc. - all these problems form the solid foundations of the physical theory of gaseous nebulae. They are an essential part of the arsenal of powerful tools and concepts without which one cannot imagine understanding and interpreting the enormous diversity of processes taking place in the Universe - in gaseous envelopes surrounding the stars of various classes, from cool dwarfs and flare stars up to hot supergiants, as well as in stellar chromospheres and coronae, in atmospheres of unstable and anomalous stars, in circumstellar clouds and gaseous shells born in nova and supernova explosions, in diffuse nebulae and the interstellar medium, in interacting binary systems, in galaxies with emission lines, in quasars, etc. The last thirty years have seen a turning-point in our knowledge concern ing the very nature of planetary nebulae (PNs). The radio emission of PNs was discovered after it was predicted theoretically. On the other hand, the powerful infrared emission discovered both in the continuum and in emission lines was never expected.
Download or read book Planetary Nebulae written by G.A. Gurzadyan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication in English of this monograph seems to me to indicate the ever increasing interest of astrophysicists in the physical and dynamical problems of planetary nebulae-one of the most interesting and fruitful branches of theoretical astrophysics. Their interest in part arises from the fact that the methods of identify ing the physical processes occurring in planetary nebulae, as well as the many theo retical results, are now acquiring a degree of uni versality as their sphere of application increases. Finally, the special cosmic significance of planetary nebulae is becoming apparent. The English edition of Planetary Nebulae differs considerably from the Russian version published in 1962, primarily because of the new results included in it, but also because of numerous editorial revisions. The problems of magnetic fields and hydrodynamics in planetary nebulae are beginning to occupy an important place in the study of the dynamics of these objects. Recent studies by D. H. Menzel confirm the idea advanced in the present mono graph as to the existence of magnetic fields in planetary nebulae. New light is being cast on the dynamics of planetary nebulae by the hydrodynamic investigations of F. D. Kahn, W. G. Mathews and others. Unfortunately I was not able to include these and other interesting results in the present edition.
Download or read book Kinematics and Dynamics of Diffuse Astrophysical Media written by John E. Dyson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The area of diffuse astrophysical media is enormous and ranges over circum stellar to extragalactic scales. The physical conditions can vary from cool dusty gases to collections of relativistic particles. Flows in such media are set up by en ergy and momentum injection from winds, jets and explosions. The study of these phenomena involves physics, chemistry and, inevitably, hydrodynamics. One of the most important aspects of this study is the ever increasing overlap between theory and observation. Indeed, it can be argued that the only way to really understand these complex flows which can never be duplicated under terrestrial conditions, is to encourage this overlap, and this was one major aim of this Conference. Because of the long theoretical and observational association of the Manchester Group with this general area, Manchester seemed an appropriate venue for this Con ference. But in fact this long association and the actual year of the Conference are connected. In 1951 Franz Kahn joined the Astronomy Department at Manchester University and immediately the study of diffuse media, particularly the hydrody namic aspects, commenced and has flourished ever since. Franz became Head of the Astronomy Department in 1981 following the retirement of Professor Z. Kopal, who founded the Department and was instrumental in attracting Franz to it. In 1993, Franz retired from this position and a most serendipidous coincidence was his election to the Royal Society announced shortly before the Conference.
Download or read book The Origin and Evolution of Planetary Nebulae written by Sun Kwok and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-05-25 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative volume provides a comprehensive review of the origin and evolution of planetary nebulae. It covers all the stages of their evolution, carefully synthesizes observations from across the spectrum, and clearly explains all the key physical processes at work. Particular emphasis is placed on observations from space, using the Hubble Space Telescope, the Infrared Space Observatory, and the ROSAT satellite. This book presents a thoroughly modern understanding of planetary nebulae, integrating developments in stellar physics with the dynamics of nebular evolution. It also describes exciting possibilities such as the use of planetary nebulae in determining the cosmic distance scale, the distribution of dark matter and the chemical evolution of galaxies. This book provides graduate students with an accessible introduction to planetary nebulae, and researchers with an authoritative reference. It can also be used as an advanced text on the physics of the interstellar medium.
Download or read book Planetary Nebulae Beyond the Milky Way written by L. Stanghellini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-30 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, improved observational capabilities have allowed the study of fainter and fainter extra-galactic planetary nebulae in galaxies well beyond the Milky Way. This book result from a workshop held at ESO headquarters in Garching in 2004, the first devoted to Extra-galactic Planetary Nebulae. A wide range of topics is covered, from stellar and nebular astrophysics to galactic dynamics and galaxy clusters, making this a reference of broad astrophysical interest.
Download or read book Planetary Nebulae written by Stuart R. Pottasch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to give a detailed description of the planetary nebulae including the relevant astronomical observations and their interpretation. Considerable attention is given to the evolution of these objects as well as to their physical characteristics. I t is hoped that the book be useful to both advanced research workers and to students with some background in astronomy. In this regard, the book should serve as a text as well as a reference work. The many tables included are expected to be useful for both purposes. The references are generally not included in the text except for historical purposes in an effort to improve readability. References are given at the end of each chapter together with sufficient text to describe their content. No attempt has been made to make the list of references complete; on the contrary it has generally been limited to the most recent literature on the subject which in turn refers to earlier research. Again, exceptions have been made for references of historical interest.
Download or read book An Introduction to Planetary Nebulae written by Jason J. Nishiyama and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2018-05-25 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book we will look at what planetary nebulae are, where they come from and where they go. We will discuss what mechanisms cause these beautiful markers of stellar demise as well as what causes them to form their variety of shapes. How we measure various aspects of planetary nebulae such as what they are made of will also be explored. Though we will give some aspects of planetary nebulae mathematical treatment, the main points should be accessible to people with only a limited background in mathematics. A short glossary of some of the more arcane astronomical terms is at the end of the book to help in understanding. Included at the end of each chapter is an extensive bibliography to the peer reviewed research on these objects and I would encourage the reader interested in an even deeper understanding to read these articles.
Download or read book Planetary Nebulae written by D.E. Osterbrock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This written account of the Symposium on Planetary Nebulae was prepared from manuscripts submitted by the participants. Nearly every paper that was presented at the meeting is reproduced here, in either complete or abbreviated form. The dis cussions have been somewhat shortened and rearranged, but we have tried to preserve the essential points and the general tenor of the exchanges. Participants who spoke in the discussion were asked immediately for written remarks, which were then edited, reproduced, and circulated at the meeting by the highly effective local Secretariat organized by Dr Perek. In addition, notes of the discussion taken by Mrs Edith F. Swan and by the undersigned were used. We wish to thank all the authors for their unusually good cooperation. We are especially grateful to Dr Minkowski, who kindly provided many excellent repro ductions of Mount Wilson and Palomar photographs, mostly taken by himself, of various planetary nebulae. We are particularly indebted to Mrs Swan, who attended the Symposium, made notes on the papers and discussions as they occurred, and did much of the checking and editing of the manuscripts. In addition, we are very grateful to Mrs Evelyn Seaver, who also did much of the checking, editing, and retyping of manuscripts, and to Dr B.L. Webster, Miss Rebecca Todd, Mr Joseph Tapscott, and Mr Dennis Schatz, who provided excellent assistance in the preparation of this volume.
Download or read book Hierarchies of Models written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stars like our sun (initial masses between 0.8 to 8 solar masses) end their lives as swollen red giants surrounded by cool extended atmospheres. The nuclear reactions in their cores create carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, which are transported by convection to the outer envelope of the stellar atmosphere. As the star finally collapses to become a white dwarf, this envelope is expelled from the star to form a planetary nebula (PN) rich in organic molecules. The physics, dynamics, and chemistry of these nebulae are poorly understood and have implications not only for our understanding of the stellar life cycle but also for organic astrochemistry and the creation of prebiotic molecules in interstellar space. We are working toward generating three-dimensional models of planetary nebulae (PNe), which include the size, orientation, shape, expansion rate and mass distribution of the nebula. Such a reconstruction of a PN is a challenging problem for several reasons. First, the data consist of images obtained over time from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and spectra obtained from Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). These images are of course taken from a single viewpoint in space, which amounts to a very challenging tomographic reconstruction. Second, the fact that we have two disparate and orthogonal data types requires that we utilize a method that allows these data to be used together to obtain a solution. To address these first two challenges we employ Bayesian model estimation using a parameterized physical model that incorporates much prior information about the known physics of the PN. In our previous works we have found that the forward problem of the comprehensive model is extremely time consuming. To address this challenge, we explore the use of a set of hierarchical models, which allow us to estimate increasingly more detailed sets of model parameters. These hierarchical models of increasing complexity are akin t
Download or read book Planetary Nebulae as Astronomical Tools written by Ryszard Szczerba and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2005-12-07 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planetary nebulae are gaseous envelopes ejected from solar-type stars at the end of their lives. They have traditionally been considered by specialists as testbeds for theories of stellar evolution and as laboratories to study the physics of warm nebular gases. The interest of the astronomical community in planetary nebulae has increased considerably in recent years due to the demonstration that planetary nebulae can be used to measure the distances and masses of galaxies or to reveal the presence of stars outside galaxies. This conference explored the entire potential of planetary nebulae as tools for astronomy.
Download or read book Planetary and Proto Planetary Nebulae From IRAS to ISO written by Andrea Preite Martinez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two questions that we can ask ourselves in order to describe this workshop. The first question is a double question: why a conference on this subject and why a workshop? The first idea of organizing this workshop came while reading the scientific objectives of one of the instruments onboard the ISO satel lite (a phase A document concerning the IR camera). On going through the scientific motivations for building the instrument I realized with surprise that no mention was made of Planetary Nebulae (PN). At present this is no longer true. There is a chapter indicating the capabilities of the camera in the PN field and what we can reasonably expect from that instrument. But it was at this moment that the first idea of organizing a workshop on the subject of PN came. Of course there are other, stronger motivations. The first one is that I think this is the right moment after IRAS. I think we all spent the last two or three years working on IRAS data. IRAS represented a corner-stone for those working on Planetary Nebulae: the amount of data that came out of the instruments onboard the satellite was enormous and opened up new ways of looking at planetary nebulae, as well as at other fields.
Download or read book Planetary Nebulae written by International Astronomical Union. Symposium and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 180th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Groningen, The Netherlands, August 26-30, 1996
Download or read book Planetary Nebulae written by Y. Terzian and published by Springer. This book was released on 1978-03-31 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 76 held at Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA, 6-10 June 1977
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Gas in Planetary Nebulae written by Jerónimo Bernard Salas and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Planetary Nebulae written by Grigor Aramovich Gurzadi͡an and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Planetary Nebulae IAU S283 written by Arturo Manchado and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-04 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planetary nebulae play a key role in stellar evolution as an important fraction of stellar matter in the Universe goes though the asymptotic giant branch and planetary nebula phases in its lifetime. They are major contributors to the chemical enrichment of the galaxies, especially for nitrogen and carbon. They also act as multi-wavelength laboratories for understanding atomic, molecular, dust, and plasma processes in different astrophysical environments, and for studying the dynamics and mass distributions of galaxies. IAU Symposium 283 brought together experts from a variety of countries to present new results including: those from IPHAS and HERSCHEL; the detection of fullerenes in our galaxy and its neighbors; a new catalogue of about 600 planetary nebulae spectra; and the latest three-dimensional models of the common envelope phase. This volume is an essential reference for all those specializing in planetary nebulae.
Download or read book Planetary Nebulae written by Owen Brazell and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Planetary Nebulae' is a detailed guide to understanding and observing planetary nebulae. So it explains the theories of what planetary nebulae are, their origins and physics, and the history of their discovery.
