Download or read book The Pharmacodynamic Effects of Beta Agonists Used in the Treatment of Asthma and Their Potential Contribution to Asthma Mortality written by Peter Reid Bremner and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Role of Beta Receptor Agonist Therapy in Asthma Mortality written by Richard Beasley and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1993, the Role of Beta Receptor Agonist Therapy in Asthma Mortality provides the first comprehensive review of the role of beta-receptor agonist drug therapy and asthma mortality. The book includes sections on the epidemiological and experimental methods used to examine possible relationships between beta-agonist drug therapy and asthma mortality. It also reviews the development of beta-agonist drugs and the long-term trends in asthma mortality to present a historical perspective. Internationally respected experts have contributed to this unique volume, making it essential for epidemiologists, pharmacologists, and researchers in clinical medicine and public health.

Download or read book The Role of Beta Receptor Agonist Therapy in Asthma Mortality written by Richard Beasley and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-07-06 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Beta Receptor Agonist Therapy in Asthma Mortality provides the first comprehensive review of the role of beta-receptor agonist drug therapy and asthma mortality. The book includes sections on the epidemiological and experimental methods used to examine possible relationships between beta-agonist drug therapy and asthma mortality. It also reviews the development of beta-agonist drugs and the long-term trends in asthma mortality to present a historical perspective. Internationally respected experts have contributed to this unique volume, making it essential for epidemiologists, pharmacologists, and researchers in clinical medicine and public health.

Download or read book The Role of Beta Receptor Agonist Therapy in Asthma Mortality written by RICHARD. PEARCE BEASLEY (NEIL E.) and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1993, the Role of Beta Receptor Agonist Therapy in Asthma Mortality provides the first comprehensive review of the role of beta-receptor agonist drug therapy and asthma mortality. The book includes sections on the epidemiological and experimental methods used to examine possible relationships between beta-agonist drug therapy and asthma mortality. It also reviews the development of beta-agonist drugs and the long-term trends in asthma mortality to present a historical perspective. Internationally respected experts have contributed to this unique volume, making it essential for epidemiologists, pharmacologists, and researchers in clinical medicine and public health.

Download or read book Beta 2 agonists in Asthma Treatment written by Romain Pauwels and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-06-20 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative, timely resource analyzes every important topic related to the most frequently prescribed anti-asthma medications-comprehensively examining the use of beta2-agonists from molecular interactions with the beta-receptor to clinical and therapeutic applications in acute and chronic conditions. Includes lively discussion sections that address controversies involving the use of beta2-agonists and synthesizes current information into practical treatment guidelines! Written by world-renowned experts representing prestigious institutions in 12 countries, Beta2-Agonists in Asthma Treatment summarizes the history of beta-agonists in asthma treatment explains the molecular action and effect of beta2-agonists on airway effector cells and inflammation discusses in detail beta2-agonist pharmacokinetics reviews inhalation devices and techniques compares the pharmacological characteristics of long-acting versus short-acting beta2-agonists addresses the possible influence of beta2-agonists in the deterioration of asthmatic conditions and increased mortality delineates the role of beta2-agonists in treating acute and chronic asthma in both children and adults and much more!

Download or read book Treatment of Asthma The long acting beta 2 agonists written by Friedrich Kummer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-acting beta-2-agonists have become indispensible in modern asthma therapy. But do they have a fixed position in international guidelines? Here are the proceedings of the 6th Vienna Asthma Forum, when molecular biologists, drug designers, and clinicians discussed the role of three compounds (bambuterol, formoterol, and salmeterol) on a high scientific level. The authors give a fascinating new insight into the physiology of the Beta2- and glucocorticoid receptor, into the considerations before and during drug development, stimulating a vivid discussion among clinical researchers who share a special interest in the most efficacious use of a new therapeutic principle. The original papers and the individual discussions are highly informative and delightful to read.

Download or read book Anesthetic Pharmacology written by Alex S. Evers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-10 with total page 2902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years our understanding of molecular mechanisms of drug action and interindividual variability in drug response has grown enormously. Meanwhile, the practice of anesthesiology has expanded to the preoperative environment and numerous locations outside the OR. Anesthetic Pharmacology: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice, 2nd edition, is an outstanding therapeutic resource in anesthesia and critical care: Section 1 introduces the principles of drug action, Section 2 presents the molecular, cellular and integrated physiology of the target organ/functional system and Section 3 reviews the pharmacology and toxicology of anesthetic drugs. The new Section 4, Therapeutics of Clinical Practice, provides integrated and comparative pharmacology and the practical application of drugs in daily clinical practice. Edited by three highly acclaimed academic anesthetic pharmacologists, with contributions from an international team of experts, and illustrated in full colour, this is a sophisticated, user-friendly resource for all practitioners providing care in the perioperative period.

Download or read book Safety Aspect of beta 2 agonists in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease written by Christopher Ian Whale and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) presents an enormous public health challenge. Cigarette smoking remains the most important aetiological factor and although legislation to reduce smoking has been introduced in parts of the more developed world, consumption is increasing in many of the poorest parts of the world. With the predicted rise in disease prevalence, COPD is expected to become the worlds third largest cause of death by 2020. COPD is a disease state characterised by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Inhaled bronchodilators can only produce a small improvement in the airflow obstruction, but despite this, patients with COPD frequently use high doses of beta-2-agonists as the disease progresses and they develop breathlessness and exercise limitation. Short-acting beta-2-agonists are generally used as required to reduce breathlessness and reduce airflow obstruction whereas long-acting beta-2-agonists are prescribed on a regular twice-daily basis to reduce symptoms and rescue medication use and because of a potential beneficial effect on quality of life and exacerbation rates. Although generally well tolerated, the safety of inhaled beta-2-agonists has been a source of some concern since the late 1960s, when an epidemic of asthma deaths was associated with the use of a high dose formulation of isoprenaline. Further controversy has followed and questions have extended to long-acting beta-2-agonists, most notably after a recent large-scale post marketing surveillance study identified an association between the regular use of inhaled salmeterol and asthma-related deaths. The safety of inhaled beta-2-agonists is also an important consideration for patients with COPD. Being older and likely to have a history of cigarette consumption means that they are at risk of having symptomatic, or subclinical, ischaemic heart disease. Beta-2-agonists cause a number of systemic effects including an increase in heart rate, transient hypoxaemia and hypokalaemia. Since many patients with COPD are already hypoxaemic and may be taking other drugs that stimulate the myocardium and cause hypokalaemia, the additional systemic effects from beta-2-agonists may be more likely to produce adverse cardiac events including dysrhythmia and ischaemia. This thesis is concerned with the safety of inhaled beta-2-agonists in the management of COPD. The introduction consists of an overview of the epidemiology, natural history and pathology of COPD (Chapter 1) and a review of human beta-2-adrenoceptor function and inhaled beta-2-agonist pharmacology (Chapter 2). This is followed by a systematic literature review of the results from long-term clinical studies of inhaled beta-2-agonists in subjects with COPD (Chapter 3). The original work consists of three clinical studies that have examined aspects of the effect of high dose inhaled beta-2-agonists in subjects with COPD and a discussion to place these findings in context. Most published studies of inhaled beta-2-agonists in subjects with COPD have focused on their efficacy, rather than safety. We were concerned that some individuals with COPD and limited bronchodilator reversibility may experience an increase in adverse systemic effects after inhaling high doses of beta-2-agonists, which could lead to detrimental outcomes in certain clinical situations. Apart from the cardiac effects mentioned above, beta-2-agonists increase tremor, which causes CO2 production, and cardiac output and tissue perfuson, which increases the transport of CO2 to the lungs. The increase in CO2 flux to the lungs will normally increase ventilation. We were concerned however that some subjects with severe COPD would not be able to increase ventilation appropriately in response to the beta-2-agonist and this would lead to an increase in PaCO2. Our hypothesis was that high dose inhaled beta-2-agonists could worsen respiratory failure in some subjects with severe COPD. The first two studies in the thesis examined the effect of high dose inhaled salbutamol on the partial pressure of arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide in subjects with severe COPD. We initially conducted a double blind, randomised study on subjects within 48 hours of being admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of COPD (Chapter 4). The study was designed to determine whether high dose salbutamol caused an increase in the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide. We randomised subjects at a ratio of 3:1 to receive either salbutamol or ipratropium bromide and studied the pharmacodynamic effect on heart rate, PaO2 and PaCO2 over five hours. Over eighteen months and despite extensive efforts I was only able to recruit ten subjects, of whom five completed the study. I found that subjects who required hospital admission with an acute exacerbation of COPD were either too unwell for the study, had co-morbidities that precluded participation or the individuals were unwilling to participate. Although the study was terminated prematurely and we were unable to perform statistical analysis, I have presented the findings from the five subjects who completed the study, of whom four were randomised to receive salbutamol. We used ascending doses of salbutamol (1.25mg, 1.25mg, 25mg, 5mg, 5mg) and found no consistent effect on PaCO2 or PaO2 and no dose response relationship. The subject with the highest baseline PaCO2 did however have a rise in PaCO2 with the highest 5mg doses of salbutamol. To test the hypothesis further we conducted a randomised, double blind, crossover study and examined the effect of salbutamol on the arterial blood gas tensions of fourteen patients with stable severe COPD and a history of chronic or intermittent hypercapnia. The study was designed to determine whether high dose salbutamol causes a rise in PaCO2 when inhaled by subjects with severe COPD and a history of alveolar hypoventilation. We compared the effect of two 5mg doses with two 200 microgram doses of salbutamol on PaO2 and PaCO2 and heart rate. The subjects had severe COPD with a mean FEV1 of 0.71 L (27% predicted) and a mean smoking history of 53 pack years. The mean baseline PaO2 was 7.9 kPa and the mean baseline PaCO2 was 7.0 kPa. The high dose of salbutamol caused a mean fall in both PaO2 and PaCO2 and a small increase in heart rate. There was some support for our hypothesis however as three subjects had a small rise in PaCO2 after high dose nebulised salbutamol (Chapter 5). The third study was a double blind, crossover, dose-response examination of the bronchodilator and systemic effects of inhaled formoterol in subjects with COPD (Chapter 6). The rapid onset and prolonged duration of action of formoterol offers potential for the drug to be used as rescue medication in addition to twice daily maintenance therapy, as is the case in the management of asthma. Our hypothesis was that high doses of formoterol would produce adverse systemic effects that would outweigh the beneficial bronchodilator effects in subjects with COPD and limited bronchodilator response to salbutamol. We studied 20 subjects, with a mean FEV1 of 1.32 L (47% predicted) and a mean smoking history of 42 pack years. Each subject was studied on five days and after receiving placebo, formoterol 6, 12, 24 and 48 mg in a random sequence, we examined the effect of each dose on FEV1, tremor, dyspnoea, heart rate, blood pressure, SpO2, walk distance, potassium and satisfaction. We found that all doses were well tolerated and although there was a small dose related increase in FEV1 and the mean satisfaction scores were higher with each dose of formoterol than placebo, there was no dose related improvement in measures that are important to the patient, including breathlessness and walk distance. Apart from a dose related increase in tremor, other systemic effects were limited. All three studies found that high dose inhaled beta-2-agonists produced relatively modest systemic effects in subjects with COPD.

Download or read book Hepatotoxicity written by Hyman J. Zimmerman and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1999 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by the foremost authority in the field, this volume is a comprehensive review of the multifaceted phenomenon of hepatotoxicity. Dr. Zimmerman examines the interface between chemicals and the liver; the latest research in experimental hepatotoxicology; the hepatotoxic risks of household, industrial, and environmental chemicals; and the adverse effects of drugs on the liver. This thoroughly revised, updated Second Edition features a greatly expanded section on the wide variety of drugs that can cause liver injury. For quick reference, an appendix lists these medications and their associated hepatic injuries. Also included are in-depth discussions of drug metabolism and factors affecting susceptibility to liver injury.

Download or read book Safety Aspect of 2 agonists in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease written by Christopher Ian Whale and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) presents an enormous public health challenge. Cigarette smoking remains the most important aetiological factor and although legislation to reduce smoking has been introduced in parts of the more developed world, consumption is increasing in many of the poorest parts of the world. With the predicted rise in disease prevalence, COPD is expected to become the worlds third largest cause of death by 2020. COPD is a disease state characterised by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Inhaled bronchodilators can only produce a small improvement in the airflow obstruction, but despite this, patients with COPD frequently use high doses of beta-2-agonists as the disease progresses and they develop breathlessness and exercise limitation. Short-acting beta-2-agonists are generally used as required to reduce breathlessness and reduce airflow obstruction whereas long-acting beta-2-agonists are prescribed on a regular twice-daily basis to reduce symptoms and rescue medication use and because of a potential beneficial effect on quality of life and exacerbation rates. Although generally well tolerated, the safety of inhaled beta-2-agonists has been a source of some concern since the late 1960s, when an epidemic of asthma deaths was associated with the use of a high dose formulation of isoprenaline. Further controversy has followed and questions have extended to long-acting beta-2-agonists, most notably after a recent large-scale post marketing surveillance study identified an association between the regular use of inhaled salmeterol and asthma-related deaths. The safety of inhaled beta-2-agonists is also an important consideration for patients with COPD. Being older and likely to have a history of cigarette consumption means that they are at risk of having symptomatic, or subclinical, ischaemic heart disease. Beta-2-agonists cause a number of systemic effects including an increase in heart rate, transient hypoxaemia and hypokalaemia. Since many patients with COPD are already hypoxaemic and may be taking other drugs that stimulate the myocardium and cause hypokalaemia, the additional systemic effects from beta-2-agonists may be more likely to produce adverse cardiac events including dysrhythmia and ischaemia. This thesis is concerned with the safety of inhaled beta-2-agonists in the management of COPD. The introduction consists of an overview of the epidemiology, natural history and pathology of COPD (Chapter 1) and a review of human beta-2-adrenoceptor function and inhaled beta-2-agonist pharmacology (Chapter 2). This is followed by a systematic literature review of the results from long-term clinical studies of inhaled beta-2-agonists in subjects with COPD (Chapter 3). The original work consists of three clinical studies that have examined aspects of the effect of high dose inhaled beta-2-agonists in subjects with COPD and a discussion to place these findings in context. Most published studies of inhaled beta-2-agonists in subjects with COPD have focused on their efficacy, rather than safety. We were concerned that some individuals with COPD and limited bronchodilator reversibility may experience an increase in adverse systemic effects after inhaling high doses of beta-2-agonists, which could lead to detrimental outcomes in certain clinical situations. Apart from the cardiac effects mentioned above, beta-2-agonists increase tremor, which causes CO2 production, and cardiac output and tissue perfuson, which increases the transport of CO2 to the lungs. The increase in CO2 flux to the lungs will normally increase ventilation. We were concerned however that some subjects with severe COPD would not be able to increase ventilation appropriately in response to the beta-2-agonist and this would lead to an increase in PaCO2. Our hypothesis was that high dose inhaled beta-2-agonists could worsen respiratory failure in some subjects with severe COPD. The first two studies in the thesis examined the effect of high dose inhaled salbutamol on the partial pressure of arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide in subjects with severe COPD. We initially conducted a double blind, randomised study on subjects within 48 hours of being admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of COPD (Chapter 4). The study was designed to determine whether high dose salbutamol caused an increase in the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide. We randomised subjects at a ratio of 3:1 to receive either salbutamol or ipratropium bromide and studied the pharmacodynamic effect on heart rate, PaO2 and PaCO2 over five hours. Over eighteen months and despite extensive efforts I was only able to recruit ten subjects, of whom five completed the study. I found that subjects who required hospital admission with an acute exacerbation of COPD were either too unwell for the study, had co-morbidities that precluded participation or the individuals were unwilling to participate. Although the study was terminated prematurely and we were unable to perform statistical analysis, I have presented the findings from the five subjects who completed the study, of whom four were randomised to receive salbutamol. We used ascending doses of salbutamol (1.25mg, 1.25mg, 25mg, 5mg, 5mg) and found no consistent effect on PaCO2 or PaO2 and no dose response relationship. The subject with the highest baseline PaCO2 did however have a rise in PaCO2 with the highest 5mg doses of salbutamol. To test the hypothesis further we conducted a randomised, double blind, crossover study and examined the effect of salbutamol on the arterial blood gas tensions of fourteen patients with stable severe COPD and a history of chronic or intermittent hypercapnia. The study was designed to determine whether high dose salbutamol causes a rise in PaCO2 when inhaled by subjects with severe COPD and a history of alveolar hypoventilation. We compared the effect of two 5mg doses with two 200 microgram doses of salbutamol on PaO2 and PaCO2 and heart rate. The subjects had severe COPD with a mean FEV1 of 0.71 L (27% predicted) and a mean smoking history of 53 pack years. The mean baseline PaO2 was 7.9 kPa and the mean baseline PaCO2 was 7.0 kPa. The high dose of salbutamol caused a mean fall in both PaO2 and PaCO2 and a small increase in heart rate. There was some support for our hypothesis however as three subjects had a small rise in PaCO2 after high dose nebulised salbutamol (Chapter 5). The third study was a double blind, crossover, dose-response examination of the bronchodilator and systemic effects of inhaled formoterol in subjects with COPD (Chapter 6). The rapid onset and prolonged duration of action of formoterol offers potential for the drug to be used as rescue medication in addition to twice daily maintenance therapy, as is the case in the management of asthma. Our hypothesis was that high doses of formoterol would produce adverse systemic effects that would outweigh the beneficial bronchodilator effects in subjects with COPD and limited bronchodilator response to salbutamol. We studied 20 subjects, with a mean FEV1 of 1.32 L (47% predicted) and a mean smoking history of 42 pack years. Each subject was studied on five days and after receiving placebo, formoterol 6, 12, 24 and 48 mg in a random sequence, we examined the effect of each dose on FEV1, tremor, dyspnoea, heart rate, blood pressure, SpO2, walk distance, potassium and satisfaction. We found that all doses were well tolerated and although there was a small dose related increase in FEV1 and the mean satisfaction scores were higher with each dose of formoterol than placebo, there was no dose related improvement in measures that are important to the patient, including breathlessness and walk distance. Apart from a dose related increase in tremor, other systemic effects were limited. All three studies found that high dose inhaled beta-2-agonists produced relatively modest systemic effects in subjects with COPD.

Download or read book Asthma and COPD written by Peter J. Barnes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-03-19 with total page 897 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of Asthma and COPD: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Management continues to provide a unique and authoritative comparison of asthma and COPD. Written and edited by the world's leading experts, it continues to be a comprehensive review of the most recent understanding of the basic mechanisms of both conditions, specifically comparing their etiology, pathogenesis, and treatments. * Each chapter considers Asthma and COPD in side-by-side contrast and comparison – not in isolation - in the context of mechanism, triggers, assessments, therapies, and clinical management * Presents the latest and most comprehensive understandings of the mechanisms of inflammation in both Asthma and COPD * Most extensive reference to primary literature on both Asthma and COPD in one source. * Easy-to-read summaries of the latest advances alongside clear illustrations

Download or read book Severe Asthma written by Kian Fan Chung and published by European Respiratory Society. This book was released on 2019-06-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Severe asthma is a form of asthma that responds poorly to currently available medication, and its patients represent those with greatest unmet needs. In the last 10 years, substantial progress has been made in terms of understanding some of the mechanisms that drive severe asthma; there have also been concomitant advances in the recognition of specific molecular phenotypes. This ERS Monograph covers all aspects of severe asthma – epidemiology, diagnosis, mechanisms, treatment and management – but has a particular focus on recent understanding of mechanistic heterogeneity based on an analytic approach using various ‘omics platforms applied to clinically well-defined asthma cohorts. How these advances have led to improved management targets is also emphasised. This book brings together the clinical and scientific expertise of those from around the world who are collaborating to solve the problem of severe asthma.

Download or read book Rational Therapeutics for Infants and Children written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-04-07 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Roundtable on Research and Development of Drugs, Biologics, and Medical Devices evolved from the Forum on Drug Development, which was established in 1986. Sponsor representatives and IOM determined the importance of maintaining a neutral setting for discussions regarding long-term and politically sensitive issues justified the need to revise and enhance past efforts. The new Roundtable is intended to be a mechanism by which a broad group of experts from the public* and private sectors can be convened to conduct a dialogue and exchange information related to the development of drugs, biologics, and medical devices. Members have expertise in clinical medicine, pediatrics, clinical pharmacology, health policy, health insurance, industrial management, and product development; and they represent interests that address all facets of public policy issues. From time to time, the Roundtable requests that a workshop be conducted for the purpose of exploring a specific topic in detail and obtaining the views of additional experts. The first workshop for the Roundtable was held on April 14 and 15, 1998, and was entitled Assuring Data Quality and Validity in Clinical Trials for Regulatory Decision Making. The summary on that workshop is available from IOM. This workshop summary covers the second workshop, which was held on May 24 and 25, 1999, and which was aimed at facilitating the development and proper use of drugs, biologics, and medical devices for infants and children. It explores the scientific underpinnings and clinical needs, as well as the regulatory, legal, and ethical issues, raised by this area of research and development.

Download or read book Childhood Asthma written by Stanley J Szefler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-09-26 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference collects the latest studies on the development, diagnosis, and treatment of childhood asthma and offers current perspectives on new technologies that will shape the management of pediatric asthma in the forthcoming decade-illustrating how advances in pulmonary function measurement, inflammatory markers, imaging, and pharmacogenetics

Download or read book Inhaled Medicines written by Stavros Kassinos and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaled medicines are widely used to treat pulmonary and systemic diseases. The efficacy and safety of these medicines can be influenced by the deposited fraction, the regional deposition pattern within the lungs and by post-depositional events such as drug dissolution, absorption and clearance from the lungs. Optimizing performance of treatments thus requires that we understand and are able to quantify these product and drug attributes. Inhaled Medicines: Optimizing Development through Integration of In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches explores the current state of the art with respect to inhalation drug delivery, technologies available to assess product performance, and novel in silico methods now available to link in vitro product performance to clinical performance. Recent developments in the latter field, especially the prospect of integration of three-dimensional Computational Fluid Particle Methods (3D-CFPD) with physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK models), unlocks the potential for in silico population studies that can help inform and optimize treatment and product development strategies. In this highly multidisciplinary field, where progress occurs at the intersection of several disciplines of engineering and science, this work aims to integrate current knowledge and understanding and to articulate a clear vision for future developments. ? Considers the healthcare needs driving the field, and where inhaled drugs could have the maximum impact ? Gives a concise account of the state of the art in key areas and technologies such as device and formulation technologies, clinically relevant in vitro performance assessment, medical imaging, as well as in silico modelling and simulation ? Articulates how the combination of in vitro product performance data, medical imaging and simulations technologies in the framework of large scale in silico pre-clinical trials could revolutionize the field ? Provides systematic and thorough referencing to sources offering a more-in-depth analysis of technical issues

Download or read book Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research A User s Guide written by Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2013-02-21 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This User’s Guide is a resource for investigators and stakeholders who develop and review observational comparative effectiveness research protocols. It explains how to (1) identify key considerations and best practices for research design; (2) build a protocol based on these standards and best practices; and (3) judge the adequacy and completeness of a protocol. Eleven chapters cover all aspects of research design, including: developing study objectives, defining and refining study questions, addressing the heterogeneity of treatment effect, characterizing exposure, selecting a comparator, defining and measuring outcomes, and identifying optimal data sources. Checklists of guidance and key considerations for protocols are provided at the end of each chapter. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. More more information, please consult the Agency website: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov)

Download or read book Pharmacology of Asthma written by Clive P. Page and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume forms part of a prestigious series and covers the latest advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of asthma. Our understanding of asthma has changed dramatically in recent years, and much of this new information is brought together in this volume written by inter nationally recognised authorities. The aim of the book is to review in depth the changing concepts of inflammatory processes in asthma and to discuss the implications for research of this common chronic disease. Many of the advances in and future therapy our understanding of asthma have originated from a pharmacological approach, and this volume highlights the promising new options for pharma cological intervention. It is hoped this book will be invaluable for research scientists and clinic ians involved in asthma research and will be a major reference resource for chest physicians and those involved in the development of novel pharmaceu tical entities. Each chapter is extensively referenced, generously illustrated with clear diagrams and photographs, and represents a state-of-the-art review of this growing area. c.P. PAGE P.l. BARNES Contents CHAPTER 1 The Pathology of Asthma: An Overview L.A. LAmNEN and A. LAmNEN. With 10 Figures ...................... 1 A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Methods to Investigate the Pathology of Human Asthma ............ 1 C. Bronchial Epithelium and Inflammatory Cells in Asthmatic Patients Between Attacks ........................... 2 I. Mast Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. Eosinophils ............................................... 7 III. Neutrophils.............................................. 10 D. Bronchial Epithelial Inflammation During an Asthma Attack. . . . . .. . 10 E. Epithelial Regeneration .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 12 . . . . . . . . .