Download or read book The Petrology and Geochemistry of Mafic Volcanic Units from Nisyros Volcano Greece Implications for Magma Evolution in Island Arcs written by Lukas Martin and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nisyros Volcano written by Volker Jörg Dietrich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-22 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the first compilation of scientific research on the island of Nisyros, involving various geoscientific disciplines. Presenting a wealth of illustrations and maps, including a geological map of the volcano, it also provides valuable insights into the geothermal potential of Greece. The island of Nisyros is a Quaternary volcano located at the easternmost end of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc. The island is nearly circular, with an average diameter of 8 km, and covers an area of approximately 42 km2. It lies above a base of Mesozoic limestone and a thin crust, with the mantle-crust transition located at a depth of approximately 27 km. The volcanic edifice of Nisyros comprises a succession of calc-alkaline lavas and pyroclastic rocks, as well as a summit caldera with an average diameter of 4 km. Nisyros marks the most recent volcano in the large prehistoric volcanic field between Kos-Yali-Strongyli-Pyrgousa-Pachia-Nisyros, where the largest eruption (“Kos Plateau Tuff”) in the history of the eastern Mediterranean devastated the Dodecanese islands 161,000 years ago. Although the last volcanic activity on Nisyros dates back at least 20,000 to 25,000 years, it encompasses an active hydrothermal system underneath the volcano with temperatures of roughly 100°C at the Lakki plain, the present-day caldera floor and 350°C at a depth of 1,550 m. A high level of seismic unrest, thermal waters and fumarolic gases bear testament to its continuous activity, which is due to a large volume of hot rocks and magma batches at greater depths, between 3,000 and 8,000 m. Violent hydrothermal eruptions accompanied by major earthquakes occurred in 1873 and 1888 and left behind large, “world-wide unique” explosion craters in the old caldera. Through diffuse soil degassing, the discharge of all hydrothermal craters in the Lakki plain releases 68 tons of hydrothermal-volcanic derived CO2 and 42 MW of thermal energy per day. This unique volcanic and hydrothermal environment is visited daily by hundreds of tourists.
Download or read book The Geology Geochemistry and Evolution of Nisyros Volcano Greece written by Johannes Christoph Hunziker and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Physical and Temporal Evolution of Magmatic Systems written by L. Caricchi and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our understanding of the physical and chemical processes that regulate the evolution of magmatic systems has improved tremendously since the foundations were laid down 100 years ago by Bowen. The concept of crustal magma chambers has progressively evolved from molten-rock vats to thermally, chemically and physically heterogeneous reservoirs that are kept active by the periodic injection of magma. This new model, while more complex, provides a better framework to interpret volcanic activity and decipher the information contained in intrusive and extrusive rocks. Igneous and metamorphic petrology, geochemistry, geochronology, and numerical modelling, all contributed towards this new picture of crustal magmatic systems. This book provides an overview of the wide range of approaches that can nowadays be used to understand the chemical, physical and temporal evolution of magmatic and volcanic systems.
Download or read book Mafic silicic Magma Interactions from Volcanic to Plutonic written by Darren Grant Chertkoff and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In order to investigate the role that mafic-silic magma interactions play in the origin, evolution, and eruption of shallow crustal magma chambers, a three-part study was undertaken of both effusive (Mt. Dutton volcano, Alaska) and explosive (Volcán Ceboruco, Mexico) eruptions, as well as associated volcanic (Unalaska Formation) and plutonic (Captain's Bay pluton) suites. Major- and trace-element variations suggest that the eruptive products (both andesite and dacite) of Mt. Dutton are not simply a result of fractional crystallization, but instead are affected to varying degrees by two-component mixing of distinct and separate magmas. In this case, petrologic and geochemical evidence, as well as eruptive stratigraphy, suggests the evolution of shallow, silicic magmatic systems inferred to exist beneath small stratovolcanoes can be modeled as resulting from repeated intrusion of mantle-derived mafic magmas into shallow, silicic, crystal-rich, crustal magma chambers. Volcán Ceboruco, Mexico, erupted ̃1000 years ago, producing the Jala Pumice and forming a ̃4 km wide caldera. During that eruption, 2.8 to 3.5 km3 of rhyodacite magma and 0.2 to 0.5 km3 of mixed dacite magma were tapped and deposited as the Jala Pumice. Subsequently, the caldera was partially filled by extrusion of the Dos Equis Dome, a low-silica dacite dome with a volume of ̃1.3 km3. In this case, petrographic evidence indicates that the Jala and Dos Equis dacites originated largely through the mixing of three end-member magmas: 1) rhyodacite magma, 2) dacite magma, and 3) mafic magma. Study of the Captain's Bay pluton and Unalaska Formation volcanics from Unalaska Island, Alaska, indicates that whole-rock compositions between the two suites span a similar range and particular plutonic units correspond chemically to specific volcanic products. Plagioclase phenocrysts from these chemically similar units also display comparable textures and compositional zoning patterns. Most strikingly, magmatic enclaves found within the pluton show a chemical affinity to andesite lavas from the volcanic suite. In this case, mixing of melts and extrusion of hybrid lava may be a prompt response to recharge, whereas the enclaves may represent 'leftovers' that thermally equilibrated with the reservoir as a whole"--Leaves iii-iv.
Download or read book Tectonic Controls on Magma Chemistry written by S. D. Weaver and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1987 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Origin and Mixing of Silicic and Mafic Magmas on Nisyros Volcano Greece written by Austin Reed and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Origin and Geochemical Evolution of Mafic Magmas from Mount Baker in the Northern Cascade Arc Washington written by Nicole E. Moore and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five mafic lava flows located on the southern flank of Mount Baker are among the most primitive in the volcanic field. A comprehensive whole rock and mineral chemistry dataset (including major, trace, REE and isotopic abundances as well as petrography and mineral chemistry) reveals the diversity between these mafic lavas, which come from distinct sources and have been variably affected by ascent through the crust. Disequilibrium textures present in all of the lavas indicate that crustal processes have affected the magmas. Despite this evidence, mantle source characteristics have been retained, demonstrated by a lack of variation in the most highly incompatible elements, insignificant addition of crustal material, lack of an obvious crustal radiogenic source, and minimal chemical differences between lavas that are the result of mixing and their mafic endmembers. In evaluating mantle sources, four endmember lava types are represented. These include modified low-K tholeiitic basalt (LKOT-like), typical calc-alkaline (CA) lavas, high- Mg basaltic andesite (HMBA), and a second but distinct basaltic andesite. The first type, the basalt of Park Butte (49.3-50.3 wt.% SiO2, Mg# 64-65), is classified as low-K, and has major element chemistry similar to LKOT found elsewhere in the Cascades. Park Butte also has the lowest overall abundances of trace elements (with the exception of the HREE), indicating it is either derived from the most depleted mantle source or has undergone the largest degree of partial melting. A second lava type is represented by the basalts of Lake Shannon (50.7- 52.6 wt.% SiO2, Mg# 58-62) and Sulphur Creek (51.2-54.6 wt.% SiO2, Mg# 56-57). These two lavas are comparable to calc-alkaline rocks found in arcs worldwide, and have similar trace element patterns; however, they differ in abundances of REE, indicating variation in degree of partial melting or fractionation. The third lava type is represented by the basaltic andesite of Tarn Plateau (51.8-54.0 wt.% SiO2, Mg# 68-70), which has characteristics similar to high-Mg andesite worldwide. The second basaltic andesite unit, Cathedral Crag (52.2- 52.6 wt.% SiO2, Mg# 55-58), can be distinguished from the HMBA endmember because it has much lower MgO, Mg#, Ni and Cr, and is the least primitive of all the lavas in this study. The strongly depleted HREE nature of both basaltic andesite units suggests fractionation from a high-Mg basaltic parent (to a greater extent in the less primitive Cathedral Crag lavas) derived from a source with residual garnet is responsible for their generation. Assessment of the relative enrichment of a slab component in the lavas reveals that the calc-alkaline units are least enriched, the HMBA and basaltic andesite are intermediate, and the LKOT-like unit is most enriched in slab fluids. Petrogenetic indicators point to sediment as the primary slab fluid contributor, with a small role for altered oceanic crust fluids in the LKOT-like unit. Modeled fluid compositions support this assertion. Melt modeling indicates the LKOT-like and calc-alkaline lavas were generated by partial melting of a depleted spinel harzburgite, while the results for modeling HMBA and basaltic andesite units suggest a depleted garnet harzburgite source. Differences in primitiveness (i.e. MgO, Ni and Cr content) among the units are the result of differences in depth and degree of fractionation in the crust. A summary model is presented where 1) varying degrees of a primarily sediment-derived slab component infiltrate the mantle wedge; 2) slab flux assists in melting two distinct mantle sources; 3) melting occurs at various fractions, and the resulting melts stall at different levels in the crust; and 4) differentiation at a range of pressures to different degrees produces mafic magmas with diverse chemistry.
Download or read book A Study of the Geochemistry of the Mariana Island Arc System and Its Bearing on the Genesis and Evolution of Volcanic Arc Magmas written by Arend Meijer and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Volumes Timescales and Frequency of Magmatic Processes in the Earth s Lithosphere Part I and II written by Mattia Pistone and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-25 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petrology and Geochemistry of Nisyros Volcano Dodecanese Greece written by Lisa Lodise and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The South Aegean Active Volcanic Arc written by M. Fytikas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-09-13 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of 22 selected papers from the homonymous Conference held in September 2003 Milos, Greece. The aim of the conference was to serve as a forum for the presentation and constructive discussion of the state-of-the-art and emerging issues on the South Aegean Volcanic Arc. In the first part of the book the tectonic- geodynamic setting and the present upper mantle structure of the Aegean area are discussed. It includes an interesting interpretation of data on the spatial distribution of intermediate focal depth earthquakes, fault plane solutions and deep velocity structures, to further investigate active tectonics related to the deep structure of the southern Aegean volcanic arc. The second part deals with general volcanological, petrological and tectonic characteristics of the SAAVA presenting an extensive review of volcanological, chemical, isotope and tectonic data, using a large amount of new field and laboratory data. Interesting conclusions are presented regarding the present volcanic associations, the volcanic fields location and shape in respect to the large tectonic lineaments and the plate motions, the source of the SAAVA parental magmas. Presented in the third part is an extensive review on the volcanic hazard assessment and the monitoring state of the SAAVA centers. Seismic and geodetic monitoring of the Santorini volcano and the recent (1995-1998) crisis of Nisyros volcano are presented and discussed. The last part deals with hydrothermal deposits and processes in the SAAVA, as well as products and processes in adjacent areas with a particular interest and significance that link them to the SAAVA processes. *Systematic re-evaluation on the geodynamic and tectonic setting of the Aegean active volcanic centers *Thorough review with new data and ideas on the magma source region, the magma differentiation processes in both the deep and shallow levels, and the volcanological processes related both to the magma composition and storage depth as well as to the tectonic regime of the volcano growth area *Up to date estimation of the volcanic hazard in the Aegean area, and a detailed presentation of the present state and the monitoring efforts of the South Aegean active centers
Download or read book Magma Genesis and Slab wedge Interaction Across an Island Arc continent Collision Zone East Sunda Arc Indonesia written by Jurian Adriaan Hoogewerff and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Nature of Magmatism in the Appalachian Orogen written by A. Krishna Sinha and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thermal evolution of mountain belts is recorded inthe distribution, origin and ages of magnatism. In this volume, petrologic, isotopic and geochemical evidence is presented to highlight the contribution of igneous rocks to the evolution of the Appalachian Orogen in both Canada and the United States. These papers emphasize the use of modern geochemical and petrologic data to discriminate the sources yielding magmas, and thus the nature of the crust and mantle.
Download or read book Magmatism and Transformation of Active Areas of the Earth s Crust written by I.A. Burikova and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of magmatism, one of the most important factors in the differentiation of matter of the Earth. It covers geological structures volcanic series, genesis of basaltic magma, and petrology of andesites of island arcs, and more.
Download or read book The Petrology and Geochemistry of the Great Sitkin Suite written by Mark Adam Neuweld and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The South Aegean Active Volcanic Arc written by M. Fytikas and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 2005-11-15 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of 22 selected papers from the homonymous Conference held in September 2003 Milos, Greece. The aim of the conference was to serve as a forum for the presentation and constructive discussion of the state-of-the-art and emerging issues on the South Aegean Volcanic Arc. In the first part of the book the tectonic- geodynamic setting and the present upper mantle structure of the Aegean area are discussed. It includes an interesting interpretation of data on the spatial distribution of intermediate focal depth earthquakes, fault plane solutions and deep velocity structures, to further investigate active tectonics related to the deep structure of the southern Aegean volcanic arc. The second part deals with general volcanological, petrological and tectonic characteristics of the SAAVA presenting an extensive review of volcanological, chemical, isotope and tectonic data, using a large amount of new field and laboratory data. Interesting conclusions are presented regarding the present volcanic associations, the volcanic fields location and shape in respect to the large tectonic lineaments and the plate motions, the source of the SAAVA parental magmas. Presented in the third part is an extensive review on the volcanic hazard assessment and the monitoring state of the SAAVA centers. Seismic and geodetic monitoring of the Santorini volcano and the recent (1995-1998) crisis of Nisyros volcano are presented and discussed. The last part deals with hydrothermal deposits and processes in the SAAVA, as well as products and processes in adjacent areas with a particular interest and significance that link them to the SAAVA processes. *Systematic re-evaluation on the geodynamic and tectonic setting of the Aegean active volcanic centers *Thorough review with new data and ideas on the magma source region, the magma differentiation processes in both the deep and shallow levels, and the volcanological processes related both to the magma composition and storage depth as well as to the tectonic regime of the volcano growth area *Up to date estimation of the volcanic hazard in the Aegean area, and a detailed presentation of the present state and the monitoring efforts of the South Aegean active centers
