Download or read book The Perception of Objects with Multiple Affordances written by Lin Ye and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objects typically have multiple affordances (uses). Functional fixedness demonstrates that people have hard time to use an object in a novel way once they are familiar with the object's convention affordances. The finding of Experiment 1 showed that the perception of one of an object's affordances in task 1 would make it less likely to perceive a second affordance in the same object in task 2. Experiment 2 ruled out the alternative explanation that objects with only one affordance are better exemplar of the affordance being tested than the objects with both affordances. This finding extended the outcome of traditional demonstrations of functional fixedness in that the affordances being judged were not associated with the primary function for which the object had originally been designed. Experiment 3 showed that this pattern was specific to judgments of affordance-related properties and was not obtained with judgments of (nonfunctional) physical properties, such as color and shape.

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Applied Perception Research written by Robert R. Hoffman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 1468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Handbook of Applied Perception Research covers core areas of research in perception with an emphasis on its application to real-world environments. Topics include multisensory processing of information, time perception, sustained attention, and signal detection, as well as pedagogical issues surrounding the training of applied perception researchers. In addition to familiar topics, such as perceptual learning, the Handbook focuses on emerging areas of importance, such as human-robot coordination, haptic interfaces, and issues facing societies in the twenty-first century (such as terrorism and threat detection, medical errors, and the broader implications of automation). Organized into sections representing major areas of theoretical and practical importance for the application of perception psychology to human performance and the design and operation of human-technology interdependence, it also addresses the challenges to basic research, including the problem of quantifying information, defining cognitive resources, and theoretical advances in the nature of attention and perceptual processes.

Download or read book Placing Objects in the Context of Goal directed Actions written by Lin Ye and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ye et al. (2009) showed that the perception of one affordance of an artifact can decrease the likelihood of detecting a second affordance when neither affordance supports the function for which the object was designed. The current study examined the proposal that experience using tools and artifacts designed to perform multiple functions might play a role in that finding. In Experiment 1, American and Chinese students at Miami University were presented with collections of artifacts, such that one-third had only the affordance 1 (e.g., scoop-with), another third had only affordance 2 (e.g., pierce-with) and the remaining objects had both affordances. Neither affordance was the one for which the artifacts had been designed. Tasks 1 and 2 required participants to judge which objects had affordances 1 and 2, respectively. The results showed the perception of first affordance decreased the likelihood of identifying the second affordance for objects with both affordances, though the magnitude of the difference was significantly larger for the American students. This difference between the two groups of students disappeared when the task required students to use the objects to perform a goal-directed activity (Experiments 2 and 3). When the same grip was used for both actions, both Chinese and American students were likely to spontaneously use the object for both tasks. But when a different grip would be used, participants were far more likely to miss the second affordance of the object. These findings suggest that the perception of a complex affordance entails the perception of the nesting of affordances for component actions, such as how an object can be reached for, grasped (grip and location of hand placement) and wielded. These results are discussed with respect to the embodiment of perception as situated in the actor's goal directed activities and the involvement of the dorsal and ventral streams in the visual system.

Download or read book Studies in Perception and Action IX written by Sarah Cummins-Sebree and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2010-10-18 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1991, the edited book series Studies in Perception and Action has appeared in conjunction with the biennial International Conference of Perception and Action (ICPA), a conference that provides an opportunity for individuals who share interests in e

Download or read book The Modern Legacy of Gibson s Affordances for the Sciences of Organisms written by Madhur Mangalam and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-02-13 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection provides a comprehensive and empirically informed discussion on affordances and their role in studying goal-directed behavior, covering philosophical, experimental psychological, neuroscientific, and applied perspectives. Showcasing the work of expert contributors from different backgrounds, the book inspires new directions for future research in affordances. Chapters address questions relating to the definition and perception of affordances, their advantages over stimuli, the relationship between affordances and behavior, and how systems engage with affordances in different tasks and intentions. This question-based format provides a distinctive perspective that allows for a thorough exploration of the expansive field of affordance research. This book serves as a crucial resource for seasoned scientists, researchers, and undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of ecological psychology, sensation and perception, cognition, and the philosophy of cognitive science, as well as non-academic individuals interested in mind sciences broadly construed. It provides valuable insights and knowledge in these fields, making it an essential reference for those seeking to deepen their understanding in the areas of perception and cognition. Chapter 5 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license

Download or read book How Artifacts Afford written by Jenny L. Davis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A conceptual update of affordance theory that introduces the mechanisms and conditions framework, providing a vocabulary and critical perspective. Technological affordances mediate between the features of a technology and the outcomes of engagement with that technology. The concept of affordances, which migrated from psychology to design with Donald Norman's influential 1988 book, The Design of Everyday Things, offers a useful analytical tool in technology studies—but, Jenny Davis argues in How Artifacts Afford, it is in need of a conceptual update. Davis provides just such an update, introducing the mechanisms and conditions framework, which offers both a vocabulary and necessary critical perspective for affordance analyses. The mechanisms and conditions framework shifts the question from what objects afford to how objects afford, for whom, and under what circumstances. Davis shows that through this framework, analyses can account for the power and politics of technological artifacts. She situates the framework within a critical approach that views technology as materialized action. She explains how request, demand, encourage, discourage, refuse, and allow are mechanisms of affordance, and shows how these mechanisms take shape through variable conditions—perception, dexterity, and cultural and institutional legitimacy. Putting the framework into action, Davis identifies existing methodological approaches that complement it, including critical technocultural discourse analysis (CTDA), app feature analysis, and adversarial design. In today's rapidly changing sociotechnical landscape, the stakes of affordance analyses are high. Davis's mechanisms and conditions framework offers a timely theoretical reboot, providing tools for the crucial tasks of both analysis and design.

Download or read book The Ecological Approach To Visual Perception written by James J. Gibson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book about how we see: the environment around us (its surfaces, their layout, and their colors and textures); where we are in the environment; whether or not we are moving and, if we are, where we are going; what things are good for; how to do things (to thread a needle or drive an automobile); or why things look as they do. The basic assumption is that vision depends on the eye which is connected to the brain. The author suggests that natural vision depends on the eyes in the head on a body supported by the ground, the brain being only the central organ of a complete visual system. When no constraints are put on the visual system, people look around, walk up to something interesting and move around it so as to see it from all sides, and go from one vista to another. That is natural vision -- and what this book is about.

Download or read book Studies in Perception and Action X written by Jeffrey B. Wagman and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the 10th in the Studies in Perception and Action series and contains research presented at the 15th International Conference on Perception and Action (ICPA) meeting in the summer of 2009. ICPA provides a forum for presenting new data, theory, and methodological developments relevant to the ecological approach to perception and action. The forty papers presented in this volume are divided into five Parts and represent the latest developments in ecological psychology research from four continents. In many instances, the contributions to Studies volumes reflect the first appearance of new ideas in a scientific venue. As a result, this book contains the most recent and cutting-edge research in perception and action. This volume will appeal to individuals who follow the research literature in ecological psychology, as well as those interested in perception, perceptual development, human movement dynamics, and social processes.

Download or read book The UX Book written by Rex Hartson and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discipline of user experience (UX) design has matured into a confident practice and this edition reflects, and in some areas accelerates, that evolution. Technically this is the second edition of The UX Book, but so much of it is new, it is more like a sequel. One of the major positive trends in UX is the continued emphasis on design—a kind of design that highlights the designer’s creative skills and insights and embodies a synthesis of technology with usability, usefulness, aesthetics, and meaningfulness to the user. In this edition a new conceptual top-down design framework is introduced to help readers with this evolution. This entire edition is oriented toward an agile UX lifecycle process, explained in the funnel model of agile UX, as a better match to the now de facto standard agile approach to software engineering. To reflect these trends, even the subtitle of the book is changed to “Agile UX design for a quality user experience . Designed as a how-to-do-it handbook and field guide for UX professionals and a textbook for aspiring students, the book is accompanied by in-class exercises and team projects. The approach is practical rather than formal or theoretical. The primary goal is still to imbue an understanding of what a good user experience is and how to achieve it. To better serve this, processes, methods, and techniques are introduced early to establish process-related concepts as context for discussion in later chapters. Winner of a 2020 Textbook Excellence Award (College) (Texty) from the Textbook and Academic Authors Association A comprehensive textbook for UX/HCI/Interaction Design students readymade for the classroom, complete with instructors’ manual, dedicated web site, sample syllabus, examples, exercises, and lecture slides Features HCI theory, process, practice, and a host of real world stories and contributions from industry luminaries to prepare students for working in the field The only HCI textbook to cover agile methodology, design approaches, and a full, modern suite of classroom material (stemming from tried and tested classroom use by the authors)

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction written by Ghaoui, Claude and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2005-12-31 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Esta enciclopedia presenta numerosas experiencias y discernimientos de profesionales de todo el mundo sobre discusiones y perspectivas de la la interacción hombre-computadoras

Download or read book Understanding Context written by Andrew Hinton and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To make sense of the world, we’re always trying to place things in context, whether our environment is physical, cultural, or something else altogether. Now that we live among digital, always-networked products, apps, and places, context is more complicated than ever—starting with "where" and "who" we are. This practical, insightful book provides a powerful toolset to help information architects, UX professionals, and web and app designers understand and solve the many challenges of contextual ambiguity in the products and services they create. You’ll discover not only how to design for a given context, but also how design participates in making context. Learn how people perceive context when touching and navigating digital environments See how labels, relationships, and rules work as building blocks for context Find out how to make better sense of cross-channel, multi-device products or services Discover how language creates infrastructure in organizations, software, and the Internet of Things Learn models for figuring out the contextual angles of any user experience

Download or read book Beyond Embodied Cognition Intentionality Affordance and Environmental Adaptation written by Zheng Jin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-04-09 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Philosophy of Affordances written by Manuel Heras-Escribano and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-17 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first monograph fully devoted to analyzing the philosophical aspects of affordances. The concept of affordance, coined and developed in the field of ecological psychology, describes the possibilities for action available in the environment. This work offers a systematic approach to the key philosophical features of affordances, such as their ontological characterization, their relation to normative practices, and the idea of agency that follows from viewing affordances as key objects of perception, while also proposing an innovative philosophical characterization of affordances as dispositional properties. The Philosophy of Affordances analyzes the implications that a proper understanding of affordances has for the philosophy of mind and the cognitive sciences, and aims to intensify the dialogue between philosophy and ecological psychology in which each discipline benefits from the tools and insights of the other.

Download or read book The Perception of Multiple Objects written by Michael C. Mozer and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1991 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Perception of Multiple Objects describes a neurally inspired computational model of two-dimensional object recognition and spatial attention that can explain many characteristics of human visual perception. The model, called MORSEL (named for its ability to perform Multiple Object Recognition and attentional Selection), is unique in providing a broad and unified explanation for a wide range of experimental psychological data on visual perception and attention. Although it draws on existing theoretical perspectives from cognitive psychology, it is a fully mechanistic account, not just a functional-level theory. MORSEL has been trained to recognize letters and words in various positions on its "retina." Following training, it can also recognize several items at once, subject to capacity limitations. The model makes predictions about what sorts of information the visual system can process in parallel and what sorts must be processed serially. Through simulation experiments, chiefly in letter and word perception, MORSEL has been shown to account for a variety of psychological phenomena, including perceptual errors that arise when several items appear simultaneously in the visual field, facilitatory effects of context and redundant information, attentional phenomena, visual search performance, and behaviors exhibited by neurological patients with acquired dyslexia.

Download or read book Bridging the Theories of Affordances and Limb Apraxia written by Antonello Pellicano and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Download PDFDownload EPUB Affordances are meaningful relations between the features of observed objects and the observer's action systems with its proper abilities. The notion of affordance integrates perceptual, cognitive and motor functions, so that perceiving an object, conducting cognitive operations on it, and executing motor actions with it cannot be considered as independent functions. Limb apraxia is a higher-order motor disorder that refers to disturbance of one or more of three domains: imitation of meaningless gestures, pantomime of meaningful gestures, and disturbance of interaction with objects. The first aim of the Research Topic was to put together theoretical and research contributions on affordance mechanisms to highlight their role in explaining apraxia deficits. The second aim was to clarify how studies on apraxia have implications for theories of affordances.

Download or read book Perceiving the Affordances written by Eleanor J. Gibson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2001-06-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceiving the Affordances is a personal history and intellectual autobiography of Eleanor Gibson, the groundbreaking research psychologist who was influential in the founding of the theory of perceptual development. It is also a biography of her husband, James J. Gibson, who was a major perceptual theorist and the founder of the ecologically-oriented theory of perception. This is the story of their lives together and how each came to make particular contributions. This book is of interest to people who study perception, perceptual development, infancy, developmental psychology, and the history of psychology.

Download or read book Perceptual and Emotional Embodiment written by Yann Coello and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set provides a comprehensive overview of the multidisciplinary field of Embodied Cognition. With contributions from internationally acknowledged researchers from a variety of fields, Foundations of Embodied Cognition reveals how intelligent behaviour emerges from the interplay between brain, body and environment. Covering early research and emerging trends in embodied cognition, Volume 1 Perceptual and Emotional Embodiment is divided into four distinct parts, bringing together a number of influential perspectives and new ideas. Part one opens the volume with an overview of theoretical perspectives and the neural basis of embodiment, before part two considers body representation and its links with action. Part three examines how actions constrain perception of the environment, and part four explores how emotions can be shaped and structured by the body and its activity. Building on the idea that knowledge acquisition, retention and retrieval are intimately interconnected with sensory and motor processes, Foundations of Embodied Cognition is a landmark publication in the field. It will be of great interest to researchers and advanced students from across the cognitive sciences, including those specialising in psychology, neuroscience, intelligent systems and robotics, philosophy, linguistics and anthropology.