Download or read book Solving the Pell Equation written by Michael Jacobson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-02 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pell’s Equation is a very simple Diophantine equation that has been known to mathematicians for over 2000 years. Even today research involving this equation continues to be very active, as can be seen by the publication of at least 150 articles related to this equation over the past decade. However, very few modern books have been published on Pell’s Equation, and this will be the first to give a historical development of the equation, as well as to develop the necessary tools for solving the equation. The authors provide a friendly introduction for advanced undergraduates to the delights of algebraic number theory via Pell’s Equation. The only prerequisites are a basic knowledge of elementary number theory and abstract algebra. There are also numerous references and notes for those who wish to follow up on various topics.
Download or read book Pell s Equation written by Edward J. Barbeau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-04 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pell's equation is part of a central area of algebraic number theory that treats quadratic forms and the structure of the rings of integers in algebraic number fields. It is an ideal topic to lead college students, as well as some talented and motivated high school students, to a better appreciation of the power of mathematical technique. Even at the specific level of quadratic diophantine equations, there are unsolved problems, and the higher degree analogues of Pell's equation, particularly beyond the third, do not appear to have been well studied. In this focused exercise book, the topic is motivated and developed through sections of exercises which will allow the readers to recreate known theory and provide a focus for their algebraic practice. There are several explorations that encourage the reader to embark on their own research. A high school background in mathematics is all that is needed to get into this book, and teachers and others interested in mathematics who do not have (or have forgotten) a background in advanced mathematics may find that it is a suitable vehicle for keeping up an independent interest in the subject.
Download or read book The Pell Equation written by Edward Everett Whitford and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quadratic Number Fields written by Franz Lemmermeyer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-18 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This undergraduate textbook provides an elegant introduction to the arithmetic of quadratic number fields, including many topics not usually covered in books at this level. Quadratic fields offer an introduction to algebraic number theory and some of its central objects: rings of integers, the unit group, ideals and the ideal class group. This textbook provides solid grounding for further study by placing the subject within the greater context of modern algebraic number theory. Going beyond what is usually covered at this level, the book introduces the notion of modularity in the context of quadratic reciprocity, explores the close links between number theory and geometry via Pell conics, and presents applications to Diophantine equations such as the Fermat and Catalan equations as well as elliptic curves. Throughout, the book contains extensive historical comments, numerous exercises (with solutions), and pointers to further study. Assuming a moderate background in elementary number theory and abstract algebra, Quadratic Number Fields offers an engaging first course in algebraic number theory, suitable for upper undergraduate students.
Download or read book An Introduction to Diophantine Equations written by Titu Andreescu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-02 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This problem-solving book is an introduction to the study of Diophantine equations, a class of equations in which only integer solutions are allowed. The presentation features some classical Diophantine equations, including linear, Pythagorean, and some higher degree equations, as well as exponential Diophantine equations. Many of the selected exercises and problems are original or are presented with original solutions. An Introduction to Diophantine Equations: A Problem-Based Approach is intended for undergraduates, advanced high school students and teachers, mathematical contest participants — including Olympiad and Putnam competitors — as well as readers interested in essential mathematics. The work uniquely presents unconventional and non-routine examples, ideas, and techniques.
Download or read book Pell and Pell Lucas Numbers with Applications written by Thomas Koshy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-11 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pell and Pell–Lucas numbers, like the well-known Fibonacci and Catalan numbers, continue to intrigue the mathematical world with their beauty and applicability. They offer opportunities for experimentation, exploration, conjecture, and problem-solving techniques, connecting the fields of analysis, geometry, trigonometry, and various areas of discrete mathematics, number theory, graph theory, linear algebra, and combinatorics. Pell and Pell–Lucas numbers belong to an extended Fibonacci family as a powerful tool for extracting numerous interesting properties of a vast array of number sequences. A key feature of this work is the historical flavor that is interwoven into the extensive and in-depth coverage of the subject. An interesting array of applications to combinatorics, graph theory, geometry, and intriguing mathematical puzzles is another highlight engaging the reader. The exposition is user-friendly, yet rigorous, so that a broad audience consisting of students, math teachers and instructors, computer scientists and other professionals, along with the mathematically curious will all benefit from this book. Finally, Pell and Pell–Lucas Numbers provides enjoyment and excitement while sharpening the reader’s mathematical skills involving pattern recognition, proof-and-problem-solving techniques.
Download or read book Quadratic Diophantine Equations written by Titu Andreescu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text treats the classical theory of quadratic diophantine equations and guides the reader through the last two decades of computational techniques and progress in the area. The presentation features two basic methods to investigate and motivate the study of quadratic diophantine equations: the theories of continued fractions and quadratic fields. It also discusses Pell’s equation and its generalizations, and presents some important quadratic diophantine equations and applications. The inclusion of examples makes this book useful for both research and classroom settings.
Download or read book Power Play written by Edward Barbeau and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-07-24 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fund of knowledge for amateur and professional mathematicians.
Download or read book A Course in Number Theory written by H. E. Rose and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook covers the main topics in number theory as taught in universities throughout the world. Number theory deals mainly with properties of integers and rational numbers; it is not an organized theory in the usual sense but a vast collection of individual topics and results, with some coherent sub-theories and a long list of unsolved problems. This book excludes topics relying heavily on complex analysis and advanced algebraic number theory. The increased use of computers in number theory is reflected in many sections (with much greater emphasis in this edition). Some results of a more advanced nature are also given, including the Gelfond-Schneider theorem, the prime number theorem, and the Mordell-Weil theorem. The latest work on Fermat's last theorem is also briefly discussed. Each chapter ends with a collection of problems; hints or sketch solutions are given at the end of the book, together with various useful tables.
Download or read book Diophantine Analysis written by Jorn Steuding and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-05-19 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While its roots reach back to the third century, diophantine analysis continues to be an extremely active and powerful area of number theory. Many diophantine problems have simple formulations, they can be extremely difficult to attack, and many open problems and conjectures remain. Diophantine Analysis examines the theory of diophantine ap
Download or read book Recreations in the Theory of Numbers written by Albert H. Beiler and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 1964-01-01 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Number theory proves to be a virtually inexhaustible source of intriguing puzzle problems. Includes divisors, perfect numbers, the congruences of Gauss, scales of notation, the Pell equation, more. Solutions to all problems.
Download or read book Elliptic Diophantine Equations written by Nikos Tzanakis and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents in a unified and concrete way the beautiful and deep mathematics - both theoretical and computational - on which the explicit solution of an elliptic Diophantine equation is based. It collects numerous results and methods that are scattered in the literature. Some results are hidden behind a number of routines in software packages, like Magma and Maple; professional mathematicians very often use these routines just as a black-box, having little idea about the mathematical treasure behind them. Almost 20 years have passed since the first publications on the explicit solution of elliptic Diophantine equations with the use of elliptic logarithms. The "art" of solving this type of equation has now reached its full maturity. The author is one of the main persons that contributed to the development of this art. The monograph presents a well-balanced combination of a variety of theoretical tools (from Diophantine geometry, algebraic number theory, theory of linear forms in logarithms of various forms - real/complex and p-adic elliptic - and classical complex analysis), clever computational methods and techniques (LLL algorithm and de Weger's reduction technique, AGM algorithm, Zagier's technique for computing elliptic integrals), ready-to-use computer packages. A result is the solution in practice of a large general class of Diophantine equations.
Download or read book Cubic Fields with Geometry written by Samuel A. Hambleton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this book is to provide tools for solving problems which involve cubic number fields. Many such problems can be considered geometrically; both in terms of the geometry of numbers and geometry of the associated cubic Diophantine equations that are similar in many ways to the Pell equation. With over 50 geometric diagrams, this book includes illustrations of many of these topics. The book may be thought of as a companion reference for those students of algebraic number theory who wish to find more examples, a collection of recent research results on cubic fields, an easy-to-understand source for learning about Voronoi’s unit algorithm and several classical results which are still relevant to the field, and a book which helps bridge a gap in understanding connections between algebraic geometry and number theory. The exposition includes numerous discussions on calculating with cubic fields including simple continued fractions of cubic irrational numbers, arithmetic using integer matrices, ideal class group computations, lattices over cubic fields, construction of cubic fields with a given discriminant, the search for elements of norm 1 of a cubic field with rational parametrization, and Voronoi's algorithm for finding a system of fundamental units. Throughout, the discussions are framed in terms of a binary cubic form that may be used to describe a given cubic field. This unifies the chapters of this book despite the diversity of their number theoretic topics.
Download or read book Elements of Mathematics written by John Stillwell and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exciting look at the world of elementary mathematics Elements of Mathematics takes readers on a fascinating tour that begins in elementary mathematics--but, as John Stillwell shows, this subject is not as elementary or straightforward as one might think. Not all topics that are part of today's elementary mathematics were always considered as such, and great mathematical advances and discoveries had to occur in order for certain subjects to become "elementary." Stillwell examines elementary mathematics from a distinctive twenty-first-century viewpoint and describes not only the beauty and scope of the discipline, but also its limits. From Gaussian integers to propositional logic, Stillwell delves into arithmetic, computation, algebra, geometry, calculus, combinatorics, probability, and logic. He discusses how each area ties into more advanced topics to build mathematics as a whole. Through a rich collection of basic principles, vivid examples, and interesting problems, Stillwell demonstrates that elementary mathematics becomes advanced with the intervention of infinity. Infinity has been observed throughout mathematical history, but the recent development of "reverse mathematics" confirms that infinity is essential for proving well-known theorems, and helps to determine the nature, contours, and borders of elementary mathematics. Elements of Mathematics gives readers, from high school students to professional mathematicians, the highlights of elementary mathematics and glimpses of the parts of math beyond its boundaries.
Download or read book Continued Fractions written by Doug Hensley and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006-03-01 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Euclidean algorithm is one of the oldest in mathematics, while the study of continued fractions as tools of approximation goes back at least to Euler and Legendre. While our understanding of continued fractions and related methods for simultaneous diophantine approximation has burgeoned over the course of the past decade and more, many of the results have not been brought together in book form. Continued fractions have been studied from the perspective of number theory, complex analysis, ergodic theory, dynamic processes, analysis of algorithms, and even theoretical physics, which has further complicated the situation.This book places special emphasis on continued fraction Cantor sets and the Hausdorff dimension, algorithms and analysis of algorithms, and multi-dimensional algorithms for simultaneous diophantine approximation. Extensive, attractive computer-generated graphics are presented, and the underlying algorithms are discussed and made available.
Download or read book Diophantine Approximation written by David Masser and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diophantine Approximation is a branch of Number Theory having its origins intheproblemofproducing“best”rationalapproximationstogivenrealn- bers. Since the early work of Lagrange on Pell’s equation and the pioneering work of Thue on the rational approximations to algebraic numbers of degree ? 3, it has been clear how, in addition to its own speci?c importance and - terest, the theory can have fundamental applications to classical diophantine problems in Number Theory. During the whole 20th century, until very recent times, this fruitful interplay went much further, also involving Transcend- tal Number Theory and leading to the solution of several central conjectures on diophantine equations and class number, and to other important achie- ments. These developments naturally raised further intensive research, so at the moment the subject is a most lively one. This motivated our proposal for a C. I. M. E. session, with the aim to make it available to a public wider than specialists an overview of the subject, with special emphasis on modern advances and techniques. Our project was kindly supported by the C. I. M. E. Committee and met with the interest of a largenumberofapplicants;forty-twoparticipantsfromseveralcountries,both graduatestudentsandseniormathematicians,intensivelyfollowedcoursesand seminars in a friendly and co-operative atmosphere. The main part of the session was arranged in four six-hours courses by Professors D. Masser (Basel), H. P. Schlickewei (Marburg), W. M. Schmidt (Boulder) and M. Waldschmidt (Paris VI). This volume contains expanded notes by the authors of the four courses, together with a paper by Professor Yu. V.
Download or read book The Pell Equation written by Edward Everett Whitford and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
