Download or read book The Pathogenic Spirochetes strategies for evasion of host immunity and persistence written by Monica E. Embers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-09 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​This book explores the many mechanisms by which the most prevalent Spirochetal pathogens persist in a healthy immune-competent host. Among them are the direct and indirect suppression of host immune signals, phase and antigenic variation, escaping recognition by host complement proteins, and seclusion into immune privileged sites. We also explore antibiotic therapy for control of infection, a baffling topic that lends itself to exalted interpretation.

Download or read book Spirochetes and Immune Evasion Infection Persistence and Clearance written by Maria Gomes-Solecki and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-04 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interface between spirochetes and the immune response is of significant importance to their pathogenesis and persistence. Evasion from the immune system leads to infections that present as Leptospirosis, Syphilis, Lyme Disease and Relapsing Fever and may lead to putative persistence and latency. Understanding the mechanisms involved in immune evasion will shed light not only on the hostpathogen factors involved in the process but also on how resistance to infection leads to protection. Broad examples include spirochetal interaction with the immune system, spirochetal molecules involved in immune evasion and in immune activation, innate immune responses in the skin and other compartments, factors involved in spirochetal adhesion to the extracellular matrix, interaction of spirochetes with antigen presenting cells, in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo, spirochetal lipoproteins and immunity. Specific examples include innate immunity to pathogenic spirochetes (T. pallidum, B. burgdorferi and Leptospira spp.), invasion and pathogenesis by L. interrogans, subversion and suppression of B cell responses by B. burgdorferi, role of antibody in clearance versus persistence of relapsing fever Borreliae, evasion of the complement system by B. burgdorferi, immune suppression by Ixodes tick saliva for effective transmission, adhesins and enzymes involved in dissemination of T. pallidum, spirochetal variable surface proteins in immune evasion, intravital imaging of pathogenic spirochetes (Borreliae and Leptospira) in host tissues, spirochete-host surface interactions. Additional specific examples for B. burgdorferi include novel approaches to control infection within the vector and/or in mammal; tick innate immune defenses and interaction of Ixodes scapularis salivary immunomodulatory molecules with human immune cells, tick-innate immune defenses (from the perspective of the tick midgut), mouse models of infection and genetic basis for pathogenicity, diverse roles of outer surface protein C. Additional specific examples for Leptospirosis include animal models of acute, sub-lethal and persistent infection; neutrophils and innate immune response; Toll-like receptor mediated B cell responses; markers of endothelial cell activation for disease severity in human leptospirosis, corticosteroid treatment of advanced human leptospirosis, and urinary biomarkers of chronic Leptospirosis.

Download or read book Lyme Disease and Relapsing Fever Spirochetes written by Justin D Radolf and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) is the most prevalent vector-borne illness in the United States and Europe and a growing threat to global health. In addition Lyme disease is considered a model system of emerging infectious diseases. The book Borrelia: Molecular Biology, Host Interaction and Pathogenesis published in 2010 was the first state-of-the-art reference work covering the myriad, interlaced facets of the enzootic disorders caused by pathogenic Borrelia. This current volume, by the same editors, builds on the previous work and contains a vast amount of new information, a wider scope, and increased coverage of genomics, genetics, evolutionary biology, vector biology, physiology, pathogenicity, immune response, and immune evasion. Written by renowned scientists who have made seminal contributions to the field, this book contains an expansive treatment of the options to track live spirochetes and evaluate gene expression in ticks and mice, provides insights into the workings of the flagellar motor, presents up-to-date research on the modulation of gene expression, and reviews recent studies on the Lyme disease spirochete's networks of regulatory pathways. The volume highlights and describes in detail the tremendous advances in understanding of the Borrelia genus at the molecular and cellular levels as well as the pathogenesis of Lyme disease and relapsing fever. This comprehensive volume is indispensable for anyone involved in Borrelia and Lyme disease research and is highly recommended for microbiologists, immunologists, and physicians with an interest in spirochetes, vector-borne illness, or emerging infectious diseases. The book is a recommended reference volume for all microbiology libraries.

Download or read book Invertebrate Bacteriology written by Aurelio Ciancio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compendium reviews different processes acting on bacterial groups that evolved one or more relationships with members of the most important invertebrate Phyla. Starting from principles of basic bacteriology the book provides data on bacteria interactions with pests, animal or human diseases. Being present in all environments, from deep see to crops, animals or plants, invertebrates represent the most significant and ancient fraction of the eukaryotic biomass on earth. Their evolutive adaptations and links with bacteria, established over time scales of ages, range from vectored diseases to speciation, within a wide range of environmental niches and biocenosis, including oceanic hydrothermal vents. Main functional processes include pathogenicity, parasitism, transmission, immunity, symbiosis and speciation. A review about recent advances achieved in these research topics is given, focussing on one or more aspects concerning significant evolutive paths of bacteria and underlying functional links. Rather than proceeding through the order and structure of taxonomies, the volume is organized by processes, examining their functional role in different lineages, including but not limited to insects or nematodes. Processes involved in parasitism focus, at a finer level, on examples from many taxa. Molecular aspects underpinning these and other functional processes include the effects of horizontal gene transfer, the mechanisms active in immune defense and vectoring, and the antibacterial peptides. Finally, the effects of climate warming, biological invasions and agriculture are examined, with particular attention to farming and environment.

Download or read book Critical Needs and Gaps in Understanding Prevention Amelioration and Resolution of Lyme and Other Tick Borne Diseases written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A single tick bite can have debilitating consequences. Lyme disease is the most common disease carried by ticks in the United States, and the number of those afflicted is growing steadily. If left untreated, the diseases carried by ticks-known as tick-borne diseases-can cause severe pain, fatigue, neurological problems, and other serious health problems. The Institute of Medicine held a workshop October 11-12, 2010, to examine the state of the science in Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases.

Download or read book The Immune Response written by Tak W. Mak and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2005-11-11 with total page 1217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Immune Response is a unique reference work covering the basic and clinical principles of immunology in a modern and comprehensive fashion. Written in an engaging conversational style, the book conveys the broad scope and fascinating appeal of immunology. The book is beautifully illustrated with superb figures as well as many full color plates. This extraordinary work will be an invaluable resource for lecturers and graduate students in immunology, as well as a vital reference for research scientists and clinicians studying related areas in the life and medical sciences. Current and thorough 30 chapter reference reviewed by luminaries in the field Unique ‘single voice' ensures consistency of definitions and concepts Comprehensive and elegant illustrations bring key concepts to life Provides historical context to allow fuller understanding of key issues Introductory chapters 1-4 serve as an ‘Immunology Primer' before topics are discussed in more detail

Download or read book Biochemistry of Drug Resistance written by Sarfraz Ahmed and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-05 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive discussion on the current information and evidence on the latest developments in the field of drugs resistance. Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a medication such as an antimicrobial or an antineoplastic in treating a disease or condition. This leads to negative outcomes at great risk of public health; therefore, increasing efforts are dedicated to the development of a new generation of medications that will help deal with this phenomenon. Decades of technological innovations in drug design have demonstrated the potential of resistance. Enormous information on various aspects of antibiotics resistance is available. However, literature on drug resistance specifically related to infectious and non-infectious diseases is rarely presented, particularly those focusing on the mechanisms, biochemistry, kinetics, dynamics, and management of drug resistance. Therefore, there is an immense need for a systematic compilation on the available information about this issue. All the chapters are logically selected and arranged to provide state-of-the-art information about all aspects of drugs resistance. After an introductory chapter, four chapters are dedicated to infectious microbial diseases, whereas two other chapters are complimenting this theme and focusing on drugs resistance in ear, nose and throat, and skin diseases. The recent advances in the understanding of drugs resistance in lung, neurological, kidney, heart, and liver diseases are also covered. Biochemistry of drugs resistance in cancer, HIV, ocular, reproductive, and diabetes diseases is also discussed. Finally, a chapter dedicated to the “management of drug resistance” has been included.

Download or read book Molecular Medical Microbiology written by Yi-Wei Tang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-11-21 with total page 3535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Medical Microbiology, Third Edition presents the latest release in what is considered to be the first book to synthesize new developments in both molecular and clinical research. The molecular age has brought about dramatic changes in medical microbiology, along with great leaps in our understanding of the mechanisms of infectious disease. This third edition is completely updated, reviewed and expanded, providing a timely and helpful update for microbiologists, students and clinicians in the era of increasing use of molecular techniques, changing epidemiology and prevalence, and increasing resistance of many pathogenic bacteria. Written by experts in the field, chapters include cutting-edge information and clinical overviews for each major bacterial group, along with the latest updates on vaccine development, molecular technology and diagnostic technology. Completely updated and revised edition of this comprehensive and accessible reference on molecular medical microbiology Includes full color presentations throughout Delves into in-depth discussions on individual pathogenic bacteria in a system-oriented approach Includes a clinical overview for each major bacterial group Presents the latest information on vaccine development, molecular technology and diagnostic technology Provides more than 100 chapters on all major groups of bacteria

Download or read book Guy Burgess written by Stewart Purvis and published by Biteback Publishing. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cambridge spy Guy Burgess was a supreme networker, with a contacts book that included everyone from statesmen to socialites, high-ranking government officials to the famous actors and literary figures of the day. He also set a gold standard for conflicts of interest, working variously, and often simultaneously, for the BBC, MI5, MI6, the War Office, the Ministry of Information and the KGB. Despite this, Burgess was never challenged or arrested by Britain's spy-catchers in a decade and a half of espionage; dirty, scruffy, sexually promiscuous, a 'slob', conspicuously drunk and constantly drawing attention to himself, his superiors were convinced he was far too much of a liability to have been recruited by Moscow. Now, with a major new release of hundreds of files into the National Archives, Stewart Purvis and Jeff Hulbert reveal just how this charming establishment insider was able to fool his many friends and acquaintances for so long, ruthlessly exploiting them to penetrate major British institutions without suspicion, all the while working for the KGB. Purvis and Hulbert also detail his final days in Moscow - so often a postscript in his story - as well as the moment the establishment finally turned on him, outmanoeuvring his attempts to return to England after he began to regret his decision to defect.

Download or read book Surveying Antimicrobial Resistance Approaches Issues and Challenges to Overcome written by Gilberto Igrejas and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-03-29 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why Antibiotic Resistance? The use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine may have consequences beyond their intended applications. The “One Health” concept recognizes that the health of humans is connected to the health of animals and the environment. Progress in molecular genetics is facilitating the rapid evaluation of the essentiality of these targets on a genomic scale. In 2015, a group of researchers established the International Conference on Antibiotic Resistance (IC2AR).The primary objective of this meeting is to bring together scientists involved in antibiotic resistance prevention and control. The IC2AR conducted its inaugural world congress in January 2015 at Caparica (Portugal). Antimicrobial resistance presents a significant challenge to scientists in the field of infectious diseases. The full knowledge of how antibiotics resistance is evolving and being transmitted between hosts in different ecosystems is taking on great importance. Necessary action includes research to define the scope of the problem including its various sources. This eBook comprises a series of original research and review articles dealing with the epidemiology of resistance in animal and zoonotic pathogens, mobile elements containing resistance genes, the omics of antimicrobial resistance, emerging antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, control of resistant infections, establishing antimicrobial use and resistance surveillance systems, and alternatives strategies to overcome the problem of antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Gilberto Igrejas, José Luis Capelo and Patrícia Poeta Scientific Committee of IC2AR, February 20th, 2017

Download or read book Bacterial Evasion of the Host Immune System written by Pedro Escoll and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expert international authors critically review the most important current research in bacterial evasion of the host immune response. Topics range from an overview of the seven most important bacterial secretion systems to a thorough review of evsaion by mycobacteria. Essential reading for everyone involved in bacterial pathogenesis research.

Download or read book Antioxidants and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants written by Nicholas Smirnoff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during the interaction of metabolism with oxygen. As ROS have the potential to cause oxidative damage by reacting with biomolecules, research on ROS has concentrated on the oxidative damage that results from exposure to environmental stresses and on the role of ROS in defence against pathogens. However, more recently, it has become apparent that ROS also have important roles as signalling molecules. A complex network of enzymatic and small molecule antioxidants controls the concentration of ROS and repairs oxidative damage, and research is revealing the complex and subtle interplay between ROS and antioxidants in controlling plant growth, development and response to the environment. This book covers these new developments, generally focussing on molecular and biochemical details and providing a point of entry to the detailed literature. It is directed at researchers and professionals in plant molecular biology, biochemistry and cell biology, in both the academic and industrial sectors.

Download or read book Leptospira and Leptospirosis written by Ben Adler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-11 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers all aspects of infection by pathogenic Leptospira species, the causative agents of the world’s most widespread zoonosis. Topics include aspects of human and animal leptospirosis as well as detailed analyses of our current knowledge of leptospiral structure and physiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, genomics, immunity and vaccines. Updates are presented on leptospiral systematics, identification and diagnostics, as well as practical information on culture of Leptospira. Contact information is also provided for Leptospira reference centers. All chapters were written by experts in the field, providing an invaluable reference source for scientists, veterinarians, clinicians and all others with an interest in leptospirosis.

Download or read book Tick Host Pathogen Interactions written by Sarah Irène Bonnet and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-08-24 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Besides causing direct damage associated with blood feeding and in some cases through the excretion of toxins with their saliva, the main relevance of ticks lies in the wide variety of pathogens that they can transmit, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths. Owing to socioeconomic and environmental changes, tick distribution is changing with incursions of ticks and tick-borne diseases occurring in different regions of the world when the widespread deployment of chemical acaricides and repellents has led to the selection of resistance in multiple populations of ticks. New approaches that are environmentally sustainable and that provide broad protection against current and future tick-borne pathogen (TBP) are thus urgently needed. Such development, however, requires improved understanding of factors resulting in vector competence and tick-host-pathogen interactions. This Research Topic provides an overview of known molecular tick-host-pathogen interactions for a number of TBPs and highlights how this knowledge can contribute to novel control and prevention strategies for tick-borne diseases.

Download or read book Pet bird diseases and care written by Indranil Samanta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-24 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides fundamental information on pet birds, menaces, and advances made in the diagnosis and treatment of menaces. It is the only book covering all species of pet birds, menaces and their individual management. The handful of related books available worldwide are largely outdated and focus on a single species or breed of pet bird. The book encompasses the history of bird keeping, common breeds of birds, their nutritional requirements, list of zoonotic diseases transmitted by birds and guideline for their prevention. It covers infectious, non-infectious clinical and metabolic diseases, and toxicity in detail with a special focus on the history of diseases, etiology, affected hosts, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment. Separate chapters detail relevant diagnostic techniques, management and care practices, including updated information. The book offers an invaluable guide for students and teachers in the field of (avian) veterinary medicine, scientists/research scholars working in related fields, and avian medicine practitioners, as well as all those progressive bird owners who want to know the basics of their care and management.

Download or read book Dementias written by Charles Duyckaerts and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-06-09 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive understanding of the biology of dementias, including information on advancements in the way these disorders are perceived and studied. From earlier assumptions that cognitive deficits were simply age related, this handbook progresses into complex discussions of the diseases that affect the cortex of the human brain. Clinicians will find extensive diagnostic and research perspectives on a variety of interesting topics, including neuropathology, physiopathology, biology, clinics, and imaging information on all, or most, of the dementing disorders currently known. In addition, chapters devoted to legal and ethical issues give practitioners and health care workers an informative view on complex dementias and the way these disorders affect patients and families. Clinicians in all levels of expertise will find useful and synthetic information. * Comprehensive information on advancements in the study and diagnosis of dementias * Complex discussions of the diseases that affect the cortex of the human brain * Extensive diagnostic and research perspectives on topics including, but not limited to, neuropathology, physiopathology, and groundbreaking imaging techniques * A reference guide that is appropriate for clinicians in all levels of expertise, from researchers to basic health care providers

Download or read book Immunology and Evolution of Infectious Disease written by Steven A. Frank and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2002-07-21 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description